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Show GERONIMO SURRENDERS! OUR INDIAN WARS END By ELMO SCOTT WATSON ago this month FIFTY yearswars came to an end. On September 4. 1886, Geronimo, the Apache, formally surrendered to Gen. Nelson A. Miles and that surrender marked the close of a bitter conflict between the red and white races which had been carried on intermittently for more than two centuries and a half. It had begun away back in 1622 when Chief Opechancan-oug- h and his Powhatan warrattacked the little sethad iors tlement of Jamestown in Yir- - -- people by the Mexicans gave him ample cause to hate the men of that nation. Whether or not he was equally justified in his hatred for the Americana is more questionable. Certainly the unjustified murder of who became chief of the Bedonkobe Apaches after the death of Chief Maco, and the indignities suffered by Cochise, chief of the Chokonen (Chirica-hua- ) Apaches, were not calculated to endear Americans, either military or civilian, to any Indian of that tribe. At any rate, Geronimo seems to have been an apt pupil of Cochise in the art of hating the white men and, in the art of making war on them, he added a few ideas of his own to those which his predecessors had contributed. as a result of depredations committed in the state 1876, Sonora, Mexico, which brought strong coipplaints from the Mexican government, the United States authorities decided to remove the Chiricahuas (the term commonly used for both the Bedonkohe and the real Chiricahuas) from the reservation which they occupied on the southern frontier to San Carlos, Arizona. Geronimo, who was then coming into prominence as a war leader, immediately fled to Mexico. Later when he returned with his band to Qjo Caliente, N. M. he was arrested by John P. Clum, the Apache agent at San Carlos, and taken back to that reservation. There Geronimo and his people settled down as peaceful tillers of the soil and so long as Clum was their agent they caused no trouble. But when he resigned and his hand was no longer guiding the Apaches, discontent sprang up. The failure of the government to help them irrigate their lands aggravated the trouble and resulted in jumping the reservation and leading a raid into Sonora again. Then followed the cam- of os arose when the authorities attempted to stop the Apache practice of making tizwin, a strong intoxicant. As a result, Geronimo and Naiche, or Natchez, son of Cochise and .hereditary chief of the Chiricahua, again decamped from San Carlos' and started a reign of red terror in southern Arizona and New Mexico and in Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico. Again General Crook marched against the hostile with instructions to capture or destroy them. A Hard Campaign After a long and difficult campaign over the blazing deserts of the Southwest and among the rocky fastnesses of the mountains, a truce was arranged in ' March, 1886, followed by a conference at which the terms of surrender of the Apaches were agreed upon. But before it could ; be concluded, Geronimo, and Naiche fled with their followers into the Sierra Madres. Worn out by his exertions and feeling keenly the implied criticism by his superiors of his failure to conquer Geronimos warriors, Crook asked to be relieved of his command in that department. His successor was Gen. Nelson A.- Miles, who as colonel of the Fifth infantry had made a brilliant record as an Indian fighter against the tribes of the southern the Sioux and plains in 1874-7Cheyennes in 1876 - 77, Chief Josephs Nez Perces in 1877 and the Bannocks in 1878. Arriving at Fort Bowie in April, Miles prepared for an energetic campaign. Spearhead of the campaign was a detachment of cavalry, infantry and Indian scouts commanded by Capt. Henry W. Law-to- n of the Fourth cavalry the same Lawton who became a general and lost his life during the Philippine insurrection, 13 - 5, Eventually Gatewood established contact with Lawtons column and late in August he learned that Geronimo was near Lawton's Fronteras. Leaving command Gatewood pushed on rapidly and reached Fronteras where he found a detachment of cavalrymen under the command of Lieutenant Wilder. Taking ten men from this detachment as an escort, Gatewood followed the fresh Apache trail. Near1 the big bend of the Bivaspe river in Sonora, Martine and Kateah located Geronimo's camp, which and delivered they entered Miles ultimatum. A Daring Venture Geronimo sent back word that he wanted to talk with Gatewood and Naiche added his assurance that their friend, the lieutenant, would be safe in coming to a conference. Even so, it was a risky business. But unmindful of this danger Gatewood proceeded with foe negotiations. His understanding of foe Apache character and his diplomatic handling of foe situation resulted finally in Geronimos agreeing to meet Miles in Skeleton canyon in Arizona and surrender, on condition that the Indians should be allowed to retain their arms while marching to the meeting with Miles and and that Gatewood should accompany. Gatewood agreed to this, subject to Lawtons spprovsL The next dsy the march for Several the border started. times during that march the Indians became suspicious of the good faith of the Americans and had it not been for foe presence of Gatewood there is a strong possibility that Geronimo and Naiche would have slipped away with their warriors once more. against that than the doubtful blessing Apaches of the Southwest. The series of wars with them began as far back as 1835 when the treachery of an American trader and the inexcusable killing by his men of a party of Apaches taught their tribesmen to distrust the Americans just as they against the Aparin under the leadership of Gen. 'George A. Crook which ended in' the capture of band in the Sierra Madre mountains and their return to San Carlos once more. For the next two years the Chiricahuas remained quietly at San Carlos but in 1884 trouble paign of 1882-8- 3 Gero-nimo- 's Gate-woo- To keep foe coffee pot sweet, oil a strong solution of borax in t occasionally. To remove print from flour sacks, rub print with lard and let stand over night. In the morning oil in water with soap in it, then rub until prini. has all disappeared. plants. Flowers for the house should be cut in foe late afternoon. - Fill crevices in floors with putty and smooth off with a knife. Do this three or four days before putting finish on floors. If patent leather shoes and belts are rubbed occasionally cloth the with a glycerin-dippe- d leather will not dry and crack. O Areectatad Nawapepars. BOYS! GIRLS! r Spiritual Force Great men are they who see that spiritual is stronger than any material force, that thoughts rule the world. Ralph Waldo Emerson. It's All In HOW You Fight BALDNESS! Play On and With Words upon a time preacher from Conn., waa called upon FARM LANDS i food level fannin land, Lakevlew Diitrict. Rivenide Csunty, CaL Three good wells, pumptnf equipment property. plenty water piped to entire beet seed, Excellent lor alfalfa, eozer Terms If vegetable grata. Price MO.OOS. SECURITY desired. (Can be subdivided. rat-ti- ng nt all la raaaert-ion- a INVESTMENT famed. GATEWOOD days foe whole party arrived in Skeleton canyon. where Miles met them. He confirmed the terms of the surrender just as they had been delivered to Geronimo by whom the Indian leader complimented highly for having told him the exact truth. There on September 6, 1886 Geronimo surrendered for the last time. The captive Apaches were sent to Florida and, characteristic of the stupid blundering of officialdom in handling foe Indian problem, the two faithful Indian - scouts, Martine and Kateah, who had helped Gatewood bring about the surrender of the hostiles, were sent along with them as prisoners of war! After a few years in Florida, the Apaches were removed to Alabama and finally settled on a reservation near Fort Sill, Oklahoma where Geronimo, after many vain attempts to have his people returned to Arizona, died on 17, 1909. Waiters Newepaper (Julia. C Western Newspaper KIYEkSIDB, CALIF. INSTRUCTION CaL Day Aaetleaaerla alo Bee; Denver terra j Cam 11. Annuel 1st. Auctioneer Sept Aaetlea aheel. Beverly Silk CaL I peatsn WNU Schott and Willing did engage la dual fierce and hot; Schott shot Willing willingly, And Willing ha shot Schott. Tho shot Schott abot mads Willing quite A spectacle to see; Whllo Willing! willing shot want right Through Schotta anatomy. d, CO, SlS-g- lt wag composed the following: i WNU Service. Rend the Grape Nuts ad In another column of this paper and learn how to join the Dizzy Dean Winners and win valuable free prizes. Adv. When two men named Willing and Schott fought a duel In Philadelphia, the "City of Brotherly Love, some . t Custard filling will not soak into crust if the white of an egg is brushed over crust before pouring in custard. What you Conner I cal away. Gate-woo- a Never wear rings, except plain bands, when washing fine laces, silks, etc. Rings may catch in fabrics and tear them. falrlr named; I twain rraavrt In one, but roa Cat those wham I roaarrt la two. Each legislator seems to aar. 11 see Never sprinkle rose bushes with foe hose. Put the hose on the ground and allow foe water to teep in around the roots of tha of Eden. The first woman to herself and uttered one word: "Eve. Whereupon, the flrat man la said to have replied pallndro-matlcall"Madam, Pm Adam I Caaaert-t-c- But after . d Garden pointed For C. B. 1 WNU Service. he, who performed marriages, ihould be witnessing thla "unmarrylng process," the preacher composed these lines : LIEUT. t-n- t-1- that characteristic. In fact the history of palindromes goes back to foe flrat of each la the years later. Lawtons of the pursuit Apaches was one of the most brilliant feats in the history of the American army. He and his men stuck to the trail with the persistence of bloodhounds. Their dogged pursuit, plus the Indians knowledge that they were in constant danger of attack by other troops operating against them, gradually wore down even the tireless Apaches. Among these troops were detachments of the Sixth cavalry, one of whose officers was Lieut. Charles B. Gatewood, a West Point graduate in 1877, who had distinguished himself during the Apache campaign of 1883-8- 4 and had won the friendship and respect of Geronimos warriors while they were on the San Carlos reservation during the next two years. In July, 1886, Miles believing that Geronimo and Naiche were about ready to give up the struggle, decided to send a message to them demanding their surrender and stipulating certain terms under which it would be accepted. The task of getting this message to the Apache leaders was entrusted to With two friendly Chiricah (or huas, Martine and Kayitah), to act as scouts, George Wratton as interpreter and several other civilians as packers and couriers, Gatewood started on his mission. For a military escort he was to call upon some of the commanders then in the field and Miles instructed him not to go near the hostiles with fewer than 25 soldiers as his escort. However, d none of the detachments encountered could spare 25 men so he pushed on without this military backing. str5 With to give the opening prayer at a session of the state house of representatives and Immediately afterwards listened to the debate over a divorce case. (In those days the Connecticut legislature had the power to grant divorces and 'was noted for Its readiness to do so.) Struck by the Irony of the fact that Ka-tea- APACHE PRISONERS OF WAR ON THEIR WAY TO FLORIDA In the Front Row, Third From the Left, Is Naiche, or Natches, Hereditary Chief of the Chirkahuaa and in tha Same Row, Fourth From the Left, la Geronimo. Palindrome glanced Idly it foe TUB manthat had drawn up to the curb, then leaned forward for a cloter look. "The perfect palindrome I" he murmured. "Pallndromer queried hia companion, "Never heard of that make of ear. Let's see why, that doesnt spell Palindrome.'' "Look at the state license tag, wa the reply. It's ALA. 3G1G3. Both the abbreviation of the state and the number read backward the same aa forward. Such things are called palindrome. IMenty automobiles from other states have numbers that are the same backward aa forward but la Alabama la the only place where you can have the perfect palindrome name of the state and number on your license tag. To have been an even more "perfect palindrome that car should have been driven by a man named Bob accompanied by a girl named Hannah or Anna. Perhaps, though, a person should "name no one man" In discussing this subject No doubt there are other men's sad other womens names that have ONCE Gate-woo- d. perate struggle jkies. Great Britain (and her American colonies) adopted the Gregor lun calendar. In that year, the month had only nineteen day. But let Jame Franklin in hi Poor Jobs Alanianac" (an Imitation of hla brother. Benjamin Franklin's "Poor Richard's Almanac"), published at Newport "at the Printing Otliee under the Town School House," tell about It. lie said : Kind Header: Ton have now auch a year aa you never aaw before, nor will aen hereafter, the King and Parliament of Great Britain having thought proper to enact that tha month of September, iTSZ, ahall contain hut nlnataen daya, which will ahorten thla yaar alavan daya, and hava extended tha ama throughout tha Brittah dominion!; so that wa ara not to hava two beginnings to our years, but the first of January la to bo tha flrat day and tha Drat month of tha year 1761. Eleven daya ara taken from September, and begin, 1, I, 14, 16, ate. Ba not astonished, nor look with concern, Dear Reader, at such a deduction of daya, nor regret as for the lose of eo much time; but tako thla for your consolation, that your expense will perhaps appear lighter, and your mind be more at ease. And what an Indulgence la her for those who lov their pillows, to lie down in peace on tha second of thla month, and not perhaps awak or ba disturbed till the fourteenth. In the morning! And, Reader, thla la not to hasten tha payment of debts, freedom of apprentices or servants, or tho coming to ago of minora; hut tha number of natural days In all agreements era to bo fulfilled. All Church Holidays and Courts are to bo on tho aama nominal daya they wars before; but fairs, after tha second of September, alter the nominal days, and bo deemed to ho held eleven daya latar. Now, Reader, alnc 'tie likely you may never hava auch another year nor auch another almanac, 1 would advlso you to Improve tha one for your own snka, and 1 recommend tha other for tho asks of your friend. Poor Job. GERONIMO, WAR LEADER OF THE APACHES d .sunset-colore- And night time bespangled 173-wh- Good Reason to Ilate There is no doubt but that an unprovoked attack upon Gero-nimo'- s Gero-nim- The TM11UTY day hath September . . . A Thus run the familiar jingle en but It wasn't true In the year though he was never recognized as hereditary chief. He was given the name of or Go - yath lay, which means "The Yawner," but in the future his would be a name of fear in the Southwest Geronimo. Some imaginative writers have declared that Geronimo means but the -- fact is ."Dev.it Samt that it is only the Spanish for Jerome" and was applied to this Apache as a nickname by the Mexicans. However, it was easy enough to believe that "Devil Saint" and "Apache Devil" were synonymous terms when Geronimo, at the height of his career, was the scourge of New Mexico, Arizona and parts like tke tnmmin$j of the world "19 Days Hath September . . Nedni. To them was born a son who would become the most famous of all Apache leaders even In I By Elmo Scott Wataoa had learned to distrust the Spaniards three centuries earlier. Son of a Chief At about the time the first collision between tire Americans and the Apaches took place a Nedni Apache warrior named Taklishim was living near the headwaters of the Gila river in Arizona. Taklishim was the son of Chief Maco of the Nedni but since he had married a Bedon-koh- e Apache woman and joined her tribe, he lost his right to rule as hereditary chief. of the of Old Mexico. ginia and killed a number of his inhabitants. Opechancanough was the first of the great chieftains who tried to stem the tide of white invasion of this country. He was to be followed by others in the same futile effort. King Philip, the Wampanoag. tried it and was killed in the trying, as Opechancanough had been. Pontiac, the Ottawa, sought to do it by a confederation of tribes and failed. Little Turtle, the Miami, dreamed the dream of Pontiac until it was shattered under the thundering hoofs of "Mad Anthony Waynes dragoons at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. Tecumseh, the Shawnee, also attempted to rally the tribesmen to a concerted resistance to the hated palefaces but his attempt went the way of Pontiacs and Little Turtles. Osceola, the Seminole, Black Hawk, the Sauk, and Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse of the Sioux strove mightily to hold the land of their fathers against the invaders but they, too, failed. So for 250 years the white man and the Indian made war on each other and then made peace. Then one or the other broke faith and the whole sorry business of treachery and revenge and slaughter of the innocent as well as the guilty was taken up again. Of all the Indian tribes who ' tried to resist American attempts to "civilize them, none put up a longer or more des Curiosa Americana1 eh GEN. NELSON A. MILES THE CHEERFUL CHERUB 36 36 W SALT LAKE'S NEWEST HOSTELRY Oar lobby la flellgktfally air ceolefl daring the aaauacr nranth Umlea. "BEWARE THE TICK" Ticks are of particular Interest to the United State bureau of entomology because they attack both men nd animal, particularly farm stock. In "Beware the Tick I" In Qygela, the Health Magazine, Walter E. Burton points out that the most deadly of d diseases Is Rocky mountain spotted rever. In the Bitterroot valley In western Montana about 75 die of every 100 persons who contract the fever. Tularemlo, or rabbit fever, about which every hunter has heard, can lie contracted by person who hnu Ii can also be carrieil die rabbits. haul!' ot a prlvnteer ciii:iIii ami l now a till'd :mi'ti'nr. where in.nu tl.ou-nm- U nl ir'ill- - while iinin-i- ,ii I t iiriiu rnniii H id ii einuc HOTEL tick-carrie- Temple Square ftotoo IIJOSIMO Tho Betel Temple Sqnaeo baa a highly desirable, frlradly atmos- phere. Yew will always fiedlttmmeo(ara woderatawd why thla betel Isi HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Yaw saw also appeeeUte why ffe e merit of dlsftactlow to step et thio beewttfwJ hostelry ERNEST February O I C ROSSITER. Mgr. |