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Show r fc; i ! V , 'V ' t '' V s" t, ' !J : - A&-- V- v'--' " jm;; , ' ' Sc6m76 Il Zp! v CLASSIFIEDS FEATURES PAUL HARVEY WEEKS TV GUIDE -- -- -- -- JULY THURSDAY. 1, 1976 WHILE THE GIANT carvings at Mount Rushmore are a monument to the American genius and the great men that the country has produced it is also a monument to the great sculpture. Gutzon Borglum, who was born in a little town on the edge of Bear Lake in Idaho. Shown are the faces of Washington, Jefferson, Teddy Roosevelt and Lincoln. CARVER OF MOUNT RUSHMORE ' i Boy From Bear Lake boy, who had developed with the association promoting the memorial, so Gutzon resigned his commission and destroyed .heated for San Francipc&.sQ. . aU.pf thsjhodla.aijd.dra.w the story goes. Before he ings for the monument, with died he was honored by the exceptromrf the one of Jefferson Davis. universities, governments, A a name about as long as he was tall, ran away from his home in St. Charles and nations, and leading art the Needles. Let them alone," said one editorialist. schools around the world. He became a leader in agrarian reform, an aerodynamics engineer, and investigated and exposed a colossal aircraft failure for the president of the United States. ANOTHER MAN was asked to complete the memorial and one of the first things he did was blast off the face of Gen. Lee and carve one of his own. Borglum was later asked to come back and complete the work, which he agreed to do after the mon- ument in Mt. Rushmore was completed. However, he died even before the final face was completed on the South Dakota granite mountain. A brief history of Mount HOWEVER. HIS wife said that his greatest genius was in the Although he often spoke in commercial terms and predicted such carvings would be a boom to the tourist .trade J)i Jdea. did noL.find statewide acceptance. Man makes statues but God made emotional value of volume. Today, along with numerous paintings and carvings, the greatest memorial to him is what has become one of the greatest monuments this country has produced, the Mount Rushmore memorial carvings. The boy was John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum, the son of Dr. James de la Mothe and Rushmore says: In 1923 and again in first privately and then 1924, pub- licly, Doane Robinson, the State Historian of South Dakota, advanced the idea of carving massive figures on some of the granite pinnacles known as the Needles. Historian Robinson suggested the figures of some notable Sioux Indians, or of Western heroes like Lewis Ida (Michelson) Borglum. He was born in St. Charles on March 25, 1871. One biographical source reports that when he ran away at the age of 12 to San Francisco, he briefly apprenticed to a lithographer and then to a fresco painter. He was educated in the public schools Fremont and and Clark, Fremont, Jed Smith, Jim Bridger or Cody. THE SCULPTOR felt that these four presidents best represented the growth of the American ideal. "Abraham Lincoln, said the sculptor, should be revered for preserving the Union threatened by Civil War. IN AUGUST 1925. Borglum, on a horseback trip into the Black Hills to find a granite mountain suitable for the carvings, was shown Mount Rushmore, named in 1885 for Charles E. Rushmore a New York lawyer, by Theodore Shoemaker, State Forester. The sculptor knew immediately that its southeast face had the proper were together for the First time. Probably because it was to be the highest and was to K THIS MONUMENT to Gutzon Borglum is located on the front lawri of the SL Charles LDS chapel, in Borglums hometown' dominate, the ' sculptural group of four Figures, the Washington fiead was carved First. It was dedicated ...the great July 4, 1930. face seemed to belong to the mountain, Borglum said, it took on the elemental courage of the mountain around." FOLLOWING HIS stated design, the Jefferson head was then blocked in on Washington's right. But there was not enough rock in the thickness of Mount Rushmore at this point to permit the free modeling of the ' face, and a flaw in the rock forced the sculptor to change his basic design. 'Gutzon Borglum found thereafter that the rock would demand many changes in the group. Among other things which resulted in the placing of Jefferson's head to Washington's left was the elimination of the entabla- ture. .This was to carry, in capsuie form, the great which had shaped this blocked-i- n nation; however, due to between the sculptor and President Calvin Coo-lidwho had dedicated the Memorial in 1927, involving Borglums unauthorized editing of the President's hisdiffi-culti- es tory" this change helped ease tensions rather than creating more. face had been the time of the dedication of the Jefferson LINCOLN'S blocked in by Figure. It was placed on the extreme right on the stone originally intended for the entablature. The head of Theodore Roosevelt was to be fitted in between the Jefferson and Lincoln heads. The Lincoln head was dedicated September 17, 1937, and the Roosevelt figure on July 2, 1939. The time thereafter, until the sculptors death in Chicago, March 6, 1941, was spent on the blending and finishing process. Work on the sculpture had begun August 10, 1927, the day President Calvin Coolidge dedicated the memorial. 'It was not, however, until October 4, that full organization was accomplished and drilling and blasting on a full scale begun. Lack of funds and unfavorable weather was to spread construction over a period, and death stayed the sculptor's hand before the memorial was completed." ar lighting and the granite mass was large enough for the planned sculpture. The granite mountain, the pine forest. Gutzon Borglum, and the idea of a memorial to American democracy, all Omaha, Neb., and after studying art in San Francisco, he went to Paris in 1890. After returning to the United' States for a short time, he then went to London and back to Paris. He also spent time in Spain studying. He then settled in New York. and HIS PAINTINGS sculpturing were exhibited in the great salons of Europe and he held many successful exhibits there. He carved for great chathedrals, national and local monuments, both in the United States and abroad. One of his works was one of the first to be purchased by the Metropolitan museum. He carved the head of Lincoln which is located in the rotunda of the national capitol. It was carved from a six-to- n piece of marble. He did the North Carolina memorial at Gettysburg, the Woodrow Wilson memorial in Poland and the Thomas Pain Memorial ma-mou- th in ' lifc'di Paris. It was just after the turn of the century that he was asked to carve the huge memorial to the confederate soldier at Stone Mountain. He completed the carving of Gen. Itolicrt E. and then planned to add Jefferson Davis and some law confederate soldiers to the 1 Vi A controversy - -- ".: - ; -- it; IN THIS OLD photograph, Borglum strikrs a pose in the cable car that was used to transport men and materials up to the carvings. Ie monument. V : ItOItGI.UM IS SHOWN Inspecting the granite mountain nt Mount Kushninre, where his greatest work is located. I I i vi |