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Show TUESDAY, AUGUST 15 1872: THE DAILY RECORD PAGE EIGHT Tapes Cut Into Records' Share of Music Market Preston McGraw United Press International Recorded magnetic tapes, which have been around since the end of World War II, suddenly are giving phonograph records a run for their money. Phonograph records have practically had the field to themselves since 1877. Five years ago, less than 4 per cent of all recorded music sold in the United States was on tapes. That left 96 per cent to records. In 1971 tapes share of the recorded music business in this country was 33 per cent and officials of Ampex Corp., a leading producer of tape and recording equipment, said today that further gains are expected this year. The main reason for the tape boom is the emergence of compact cartridge and cassette tape recorders. The fact that tape is less subject to wear than records and can be used to record as well as play back music almost anywhere are other factors. As long as magnetic tape was available only in open reel form for music reproduction, its future was limited. Tape appealed to critical listeners high fidelity hobbyists especially from its inception because of the high quality of reproduction it provided. But open reel tape was and is harder to handle than phonograph records. By Quality control also is harder to In New Jersey cartridge for the first time made possible the use of recorded music in moving automobiles. Cartridges employ an endless loop design, which denies them the rapid rewind capability of open reels and cassettes. The endless loop design involves constant tape-against-ta- pe The tape has to be movement. lubricated. Eventually the lubricant wears out and the tape will jam within the cartridge. In addition, the cartridge format has never been able to reproduce sound equal to that of open reel tape or cassettes. For that reason, the cartridge never made it with the hi-- fi fan. Phillips of Holland invented cassette tape recorders. Ampex was the first U.S. company to offer stereo cassette systems in 1967. In terms of quality, cassettes cannot match open reel or phonograph records. The recording tracks on cassette tape are narrow and the tape moves past the playback head at only 1 inches per second. (Top quality prerecorded open reel tape moves at 7 Vi ips.) But engineers are making progress in improving the sound reproduction quality of cassettes. One development is the Dolby noise suppression system to reduce the amount of hiss or noise heard when playing cassettes. Extended frequency and chromium dioxide tapes, which cost maintain in duplicating pre- extra but sound better, have been recorded tapes than in phonograph introduced in the last couple of records. But open reel, or years. tape remains a favorite tool of The introduction of the serious music lover, high fidelity or quadrophonic sound also may enthusiast and recording hobbyist. increase the use of prerecorded Open reel tape was the first type tape. developed. German scientists in the 1930s discovered that iron oxide coated thinly on plastic tape could be Mexico Conference used to record sound and their invention was imported to the United On Corporate Law States immediately after World War For Acapulco II. Thomas Alva Edison invented the PHILADELPHIA (ACCN) An first phonograph record in 1877. conference on international The Emile Berliner in 1896 discovered Corporate Lawyer in Mexico, 1972" how to duplicate phonograph will be held on Aug. 31 and September 1 and 2, 1972 in AcapulcQ, records by using a metal master, starting records on a long career as Mexico at the Holiday Inn, acthe top recording medium. cording to Francisco Brena Gar-dunPresident of the National In recent years, researchers Corporate Lawyers Association of developed the cartridge and cassette forms of packaging tapes and Mexico (ANADE). started the emergence of tape as a Attorneys in private practice, medium. mass recording corporations and public adLear Jet in the mid 1960s came up ministration from the United States, with the eight-trac- k cartridge. The Canada, Central And Latin America, Europe and other parts of the world are invited to attend. reel-to-re- el four-chann- - o, Appeals Against Seating Minor WATERVLIET, N.Y. (UPl)-T- he Board of Education in this Albany County city filed a notice of Appeal against a State Supreme Court ruling which directed the Board to seat a teen-ag- e boy as a school board member. Edward Reinfurt, Jr., 19, was seated June 30 after Justice John II. ennock ruled him the legal winner in a five-wacontest for the office. The Board of Education held Reinfurt should not have been allowed to take office because he was under age 21. The notice of appeal, filed on July 28, the last day of the period, came only a few days after the Appellate Division of state supreme court ruled against the seating of persons in the age group elected in May. The Appellate Division case, inSusan Spencer of volving the federal law said Schenectady, y 30-da- y 18-2- 1 lowering the voting age to 18 did not have precedence over a state law requiring that persons be 21 to hold public office. The state law was changed by the 1972 legislature after the May school board elections, but, in its ruling, the Appellate Division said: "The fact that the legislature has recently reduced the age to 18 provides little solace... since we are governed by the law as it existed at the time of the school board election in May." simultaneous English-Spanis- h translation will be available. The conference will be opened by the Pedro Ojeda Paullada, attorney general of Mexico. Topics and speakers will include: Legal and tax aspect of real estate property in Mexico Mr. Othon Perez Fernandez del Castillo, Public Notary. Accounting concepts in Mexican commercial and tax laws CPA Francisco Padilla, President, National Institute for Tax Research. Legal structure and development of multinational companies" Dr. Gauden I. Staehelin, Assistant Legal Counsel, CIBA GEIGY, Switzerland. Organization and control of legal offices By Barry James ROME (UPI) "Horrible Dicta, TRENTON (UPI) Jurors inback but to volved in long deliberations may be to Punic and the datives, ablatives allowed to go home at night under Wars for Italian schoolchildren. new court rules announced in The government has announed Trenton. plans to reintroduce Latin as an The rules, adopted by the New obligatory subject at all junior high Jersey Supreme Court to take effect schools. September 5, allow the dispersal of It was made optional in 1962, jurors at the discretion of the trial except for candidates for the judge during the course of prestigious classical lyceums. deliberations. Education Minister Oscar Luigi At present, when a jury cannot Scalfro told the education comagree on a verdict promptly, jurors mittee of the Chamber of Deputies are usually sequestered for the night the 1962 reform has presented some in a nearby hotel. inconvenience. A spokesman for the admeant was What he ministrative office of the courts said that Latin isapparently the same way as going the rule change was made because the dodo to extinction. several judges favor allowing jurors Students are declining it rather to return home for the night than declining verbs. Another rule change involves cent of students Less than 40 alternate jurors, the 13th and 14th choose basic per usually to Latin, members of the panel who hear the examinations for the tough qualify trial testimony but in the past did not of the classical lyceums. sit in on deliberations. But officials at the Education Under the new rule, the alternate said only a tiny minority Ministry jurors will remain with the original panel when deliberations begin, so now bothers to learn Latin properly, they may substitute in case an and then either to teach it or to enter original juror dies or must be the Roman Catholic priesthood. discharged. For university entrance, Latin The court is also changing a rule used to be "sine qua non," as the affecting the poor by requiring that saying goes. in appeals by indigents from But the Communists and the municipal court rulings, counties Socialists teamed up to topple the must pay the cost of transcripts if language of their forefathers. With the appeal involves violation of a statute. Municipalities must pay if it involves violation of an ordinance. Widow Sues Store el Set School Board Italian Schoolchildren Will Again Learn Latin or it's (horrible relate"), Jury Conduct Rules Revised or internal legal departments in a multinational environment" Joel A. Rose, Daniel J. Cantor & Company, Inc., Consultants to the Legal Profession. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The challenge for the corporate lawyer" Mr. W.G. PH Van Der Heyden, Secretary of the Board of Directors, Phillips A.G., Eindhoven, Holland and Hector R. Garcia Leos, Secretary, Mexico Headquarters, Phillips A.G. Basic concepts in contracts of international nature" Lawrence F. Ebb, Counsel for Latin American and Asia, General Electric Co., New and Which Sold Gun To Suicide Mate NEW YORK - HONOLULU (UPI) The widow of a man who committed suicide has filed a $1.2 million suit against a store that sold him a rifle which he used to shoot himself. The suit charged that the Honolulu Sporting Goods Company violated federal law in selling the .22 caliber rifle to Ian T. Miller because he was a convicted felon and a registered narcotics addict. Federal law prohibits felons and narcotics addicts from buying weapons. The suit, filed in U.S. District Court here by Philip D. Bogetto, representing Mrs. Stepfhanie Miller, demanded a jury trial. The suit said Miller shot and killed himself while sitting on a boulder in a streambead last January 2. Panama Inhibits Drug Crackdown U.S.-administer- ed UPI August 3. The hearing record indicated U.S government officials cut back thei attempt to end heroin traffic fror Panama in response to complaint from high Panamanian officials. Witnesses said Panamaniai Foreign Minister Juan Tack filed formal complaint when U.S. nar cotics agents arrested Joaquii Gonzalez in the Panama Canal Zon on suspicion of heroin dealings Gonzalez is chief of air traffii control at Panama's main airport Rep. John Murphy, aske what would if anothei happen U.S.A. York, N.Y., "Review of the Federal labor and Panamanian official was arrested ii Social Security laws for the cor- the Canal Zone. "I doubt if we would arres porate lawyer in Mexico Panel: Baltazar Cavzos, Chief Counsel for another Panamanian citizen in thi the National Confederation of Em- Canal Zone again, because of th ployers; Francisco Brena, Anderson flap that the previous arres Clyton & Co.; Luis Guzman de Alva, created," Ingersoll replied. Dupont. 1 and Two one a recent grants one new renewal by the Ford Foundation will assist the policing of the airwaves through legal and voluntary means in the interests of the public. Theoretically the airwaves are owned by the people, and private broadcasters are licensed to operate stations only so long as they serve the public interest, the Foundations newsletter points out in describing the grants. However, it adds, in practice renewals of the three-yetelevision station licenses granted by the (ACCN) ar Federal Communications Commission (FCC) are usually automatic unless there are rival claimants. Until 1966, when a U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that renewals could be challenged by public interest groups, the only petitioners recognized in FCC relicensing hearings were rival claimants or Federal government represent- . discrimination. Then the Roman Catholic Church allowed mass to be said in modern languages. And although Latin still is the official language of the church, Italian 'is the working language in Italy. It means most people seldom hear Latin any more. But, Parliament willing, Scalfaro is determined not to allow Latin to become a dead language in its homeland. Nolens Volens," ("like it or not), students will have to do at least three years of declensions if he gets his way. Lawyer Back From Prague, Hits trials VIENNA (UPI) An American lawyer, back from Czechoslovakia, said here to newsmen that conditions at political trials of supporters of ousted Communist Party leader Alexander Dubcek were "intolerable. Ernest L. Graves, the lawyer California appointed to defend Ruchell Magee, a codefendant in the Angela Davis trial, said, "as a U.S. lawyer, I must say that the conditions are intolerable. They are in conflict with human dignity." Trials now going on in Czechoslovakia involve leading supporters of Dubcek, whose liberal inregime ended with a Soviet-le- d vasion in 1968. Graves told the news conference July 27, that he went to Czechoslovakia, for a week-lon- g at the trials. Graves said he wanted to talk to the defendants former government and officials, journalists families but and their historians was "only routed around" from one official to another. The judicial process in Czechoslovakia is a total failure and would not be tolerated for one day in the United States," Graves said. Graves said the trials are closed to the public and he was unofficially advised not to contact any families. Most of the persons on trial are charged with subversive activity because of leaflets they allegedly first-han- d look - distributed . urging by voters at the last general elections. Sentences handed down so far have ranged from two to five years imprisonment. atives. WASHINGTON (UPI) Th nations top narcotics officer h testified that an attempt to crac down on heroin traffic from Panam caused such; a row his agents nor would hesitate to arrest Panamanian citizen in the Canal Zone. The statement by John Ingersol director of the Bureau of Narcotic and Dangerous Drugs, was cor tained in testimony taken in seen last April 25 by a subcommittee c the House merchant marine an fisheries committee. A copy of th testimony was made available t i D-N.- Two Ford Grants Back Policing Of Broadcasting language Cicero might have admired, perhaps not, they said Latin was a Cause of "class To help lake advantage of opportunities to make the communications media more responsive to the public interest, the Foundation recently granted $400,000 to the Citizens Communication Center, which provides legal assistance and information to citizen groups seeking remedies against biased programming and in policies broadcasting. At the same lime, the Foundation renewed support, with a grant of $72,000 for the United Church of Christ office of Communications (UCC), which won the landmark 1966 court ruling. Both agencies collaborate closely. The Citizens Communication Center (CCC), a Washington public interest law firm started in 1969, acts as a public watchdog of FCC proceedings and has also served as UCC's counsel from time to time. CCC was started with support from such foundations as the Stem Family Fund, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, six-mon- th and the Midas International Foundation. The Ford Foundation grant will enable the center to expand its efforts. Renewal of Foundation support to the UCC Office of Communications brings to $432,000 the total granted since 1968. Though most noted for its legal action in blocking the license renewal of WLBT-TJackson, Miss., on grounds of V, discriminatory practices, UCCs work is principally non-lega- l. Jersey Judge Holds Haitian Divorces Void N.J. NEWARK, (UPI) A Superior Court Judge has ruled quickie Haitian, divorces invalid in New Jersey and ordered an East . Orange N.J. decrees. rapid-fir- e foreign Judge Max Mehler, in a decision July 27, based on court action initiated by State Atty. Gen. George F.Kugler Jr., indicated the Haitian divorces are not based on a bona fide residence being .established in the West Indies island republic. He found Haitian Tours Inc., of East Orange guilty of an unlawful practice under the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act for selling its divorce package, and enjoined it from selling any further such trips to New Jersey residents. The judge ordered the firm and its officers, Joseph Lonzello and Martin Millano, to pay a $1,000 fine and to notify the 15 to 20 New Jerseyans who have bought the travel package that their divorces are invalid in the Garden State. The package cost between $1,125 and $1,275 for airfare, hotel and meals for one or two days. The court appearance required may take only 45 minutes. |