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Show tjii: .miKNiNt;' i:xamim:h. m may 2.. ivy, mere, and this nrivnntag In the mattM of price la one of the things which Is going to hold the Yankee locomotive builder to drive his English cousin out of the foreign markets, where he long reigned supreme, for it Is coming to be generally admitted that there la more than a grain of truth In the d etention of the American builders that the added eost of British loeomotiw represents whet Is virtually wasted time and money, since It adds nothing to either the endurance or efficiency of aa engine. In the International competition in locomotive building the Americans havs ilia advantage of being able to purchase material In many Instances much cheaper than It can be obtained abroad: but, on tho other hand, labor coats fully CO per cent more. Then, too, the American locomotive Is much heavier than the English; but the Yankee build-rr- a claim . t lint with this Increase In weight they gain In speed, traction power nnd endurance. Although the British locomotive builder are not yet ready to haul down their flag In ths contest, tha best possible evidence of Ynnke victory Is found In the fact that the American loenmnllvo has been adopted as tha standard of construction tu practically every country la tha world, nnd our builders, In addition tu supplying a phenomenal domestic demand. have found opinrtunlty to cell abroad more than HO.Ono.ono worth or locomotives, a single firm having tilled nrders from f different countries in one year. Kroin contemplating American su, It Is periority In Inromntlve-maklngworth while to turn and view with equsl pride tlie unique features of tha largest Institution in tha world for the manufacture of locomotives, the famous Baldwin Works, of Philadelphia. Hera Is a concern In which the number of nten employed exqeeda tliat of any other private organisation In 'Alia world devoted tn a s.nglo Industry, yet, despit thn tendencies of this age of concentration, It Is not a corporation but a good copartnership, conducted on the simplest linn. It lias no bonds to float and no watered stock to selL There la no dabbling In "side lines. The whole attention of the organisation Is devoted to building locomotives and locomotives only, and this Is done so well tluit the Institution Is never able to meet the full demand for It products The plan on which this giant industry Is operated should Inspire any ambitious American boy. Ths Baldwin Works Is conducted by seven partners, every one of whom began at tho bottom and worked his way up to the top. Not on of tliea men ever put a cent Into the firm, but fur their hard work they have taken out mllllona of dollars In profits Moreover, this plan la to contlnus The su;ierinloii(li!iila and foremen of the present day ara men who some yean hack started In the lowest positions, and the coining owners of this great proa, perty are now luda In overalls and Jump-erdoing the most disagreeable class of woik, without regard to dirt or grease, or, mayhap. young meu poring over drafting board and office desks without too closu a watch on the clock for thu approach of quilting time. it is not loo much tu say that if any concent in America lias liil upon tha Picul soluuun of the labor problem It is tho great liuldmln Works Tlie men work lung hours noun! of them toiling U huuis a day for five days In ths week but thus iiavs never been any labor troubles in Us enure half century dayai The riveting Is done by massive, of tlie Hi iu'a history. The U,(M) embut practically noiseless, machines, ployes are paid mure than Jl.oOu.vOQ In which are operated by hydraulie power. wugvs each month, and tne unknown Whereas pressed and cast sled ara workman docs nut have lo go to the trounow being very extensively used In loble of gulling a chuck cashed. Each men comotive construction, there Is on part on tno payroll druws In pay in gtud and which Is unlvursnlly made of cast Iron, silver coin. end that is the cylinders. The largest Apprentices are taken Into tho BaldAmerican locomotive-buildin- g plsnt baa different classifa foundry that extends the length of win WorksTheunder thiee is mads up ot a clly block. There are three cupolas, ications IT, who hist class agree to woik tour years each having a capacity of k tons of iron boys of year at one heat, and the amount actually leceiving e couth per hourtotherl hrst c.ui pur used In this slum sggregates 11S tons end giudusily lucnusii.g hour tlie fourth Wi, wiln a uonus of pur day. The cost Iron ued for cylinuf the term. Bucoud ders Is of the hardest grade obtainable. yli at the cioe are giauu-ate- s In locomotive work It le necessary to class apprentices ud serve lines aiming years who make some resting weighing a much aa J.000 pounds, siul In the case of these in wage from 7 to if cents per Hour sod end. Tu big pieces Ibe molten metal Is poured winmug a lhU bonus at tue Inio the molds from Indies each of i' Unit! class Is mad up of yuung men which tuts a capacity of l.wd pounds Uver 1, college or technical sebuu! wage of Iron. graduates, who receive higher ot apthan either of tlie oilier classes Tha prise locomotives which era now often qihcxiy get pmuiiuua and prentices nuntufac-torie- e turned out tha at being big as foremen. in this oountry ara rmdiqpjly difWALUUN FAWCETT. ferent In design from those with .which tlie public was familiar only a frw years ' Dr. Can Schnudt. of Heidelberg. Gerago. As the sis of the railroad rmrine has Increased the number of driving many, has succeeded, alter seveu years wheels has grown from four originally of hard woik, in piecing uigetuur ii,JW y to eight or ten. and In ratio as the numsmall fragments ot papyrus and ber of driving wheels has Increased from tho Coptic. couleuis the the smokestack has been reduced In height. The tender has kept Pce Hh year a memProf. W. R. Blilpman, tha locomotive In Its growth, and w now ber of Tufts Culirgs faculty, and TUBS find products of ths locomotive fnrto-riyears old tin May A with a rapacity of Also gallons of original dean. water and AIM or AMO pounds of coal. He enjoys the distinction of having ocAn American locomotive of moderate cupied a chair of rhvtorlc f'r a iunsar corns else and modern construction time thuu any other professor la Mew from (PX(M to ti:.(SA Ths engine of England. British manufacture coats - I The manufacture of locomotives Is one of all Industrial of tiio moat Inlerr-iin- g a spectacular cul- - j rorcsse a. It rcail-nilnstion In the ereriirg shop, wliere the I efficiency not only of every department, but of every employe. Is put to pmcticai test. Every part f the Iron monster must arrive at this rendesvous on time . nnd every part ti.irt fit Into Its proper i place when It d -- s arrive. A faulty piece of workmans! ip or a few minutes' ; In a costly delay. tali incss may . to- mie erectin ahop of the mo-r. ! Jnrirui J2jrjrrr jxuz JOtEXET j , 1,1 WALDO V FAWCETT. !l h ,l,,e ot tadutrr along the American Invasion" la Prosecuted In lands beyond the Probably the most marvelous and "IOt Picturesque Is the monopoly Pwrlt is winning for the loco-ntibuilders of tbs United States. conquering Tankees who are ! business crusade are not 1 y Wining victories in one or two , but all around the world of every color, race and ba-ll-ty are unhesitatingly choosing orses made In the greatest of rt tor the work of puUhig the sins on their new high-- a hlrh ve -- rout-triee- steel-track- ed hurrying Russian soldiers across the ,,n teppes of Siberia to the seat of ar; ports of embarkation; 'Mle Sams cotton goods down Enrpt Into the heart of Africa; the Andes Mountains in South . ' nd transporting the inqulsl- ouri,le to the very walls of Jero-- e 1. d twentieth century mas-a- r bt ocomutlve building which the product of Iron from the shores 8i:Perior, cupper from the bills nt y? ''ntana. coal from the mines of J"paness (.t J"') t'!. ! American of all, peerlr brawn, backed up hy superior Yankee brains and unequaled American hustle and energy. Indeed, It le largely due to this selfsame American hustletlie unique New World combination which gives quirk results without sacrificing accuracy that the Yankee locomotive builders have been enabled to win so decisive a In all quarters of the globe. In very recent war the American locomotive builders havt set up a splendid, practical object - lesson advertisement fbr the way wa do things on this aids of ths Atlantic. For Instance, when General Kitchener was lighting his way Into ths Soudan hs discovered, ona One day, that ha needed locomotives and nsadsd them quick. Ths best the British locomotive builders could promise was to deliver ths sorely needed engines In something over n year. An American Arm took he contract with n promise to make delivery In three months and as a matter of fact did deliver the goods IT days ahead of time, winning a handsome bonus thereby. The United State has been building for locomotives for slower nation something like two-- t birds of a century past. The first one went to Austria ' arid ' gradually tha trade baa grown portent j totnl of more than 4.M locomotives. These engines, built In Yankee simps by Yankee labor, are In operation on pretty nearly every railway line on earth. For a long time England held out against the American Industrial onslaught. It would be virtually carrying coals to Newcastle" to lake foreign-bui- lt locomotives to John Bull s domain. y United " h " " -- urrendr-r and an Amen- " hd can firm not long since completed an order of 10 locomotives for British railways t For n that our locomotive builders have been " doing things away from boms la a characteristically American fashion, In rsallty this foreign business la rather as unimportant consideration In comparison with the domestic demand- tlie supplying of the mntlvs power for tha thousands upon thousands of miles of railroads under tha Stars and Stripes. It Is for three Americas roads that ths most remarkable records In rapid construction have been made locomotives having. In some Instances, been made complete In eight days ami It is for these steam mads of Ilia United Slates that there have bees evolved the biggest ann most powerful locomotive In the world, engines that welsh nearly half a million 1 King-victor- i U"U,F roinutlve-buihlu.- g huge atructure sevtral hundred feet In length, with a floor space aggregating several acres. The walls are largely of glass, and within the floor are rnngi-a groat number of engine pits of brick masonry. There arc Innumerable devices to facilitate work, as, for Instance, an Ingenious arrangement for disposing of the smoke and vapor formed In firing up and testing locomotives. Mis wonderful of all are the huge riactrte crares which travnee the building, and serve net t nly lo b: ing quickly to the . wheels, sliop cylinder, boih-rnnd other ports, but are even capable of lifting nnd ctirrj Ing tlie Heaviest clear uf the other locumotlves in the pita There are. or course, weeks of preparation In many departments preceding the final grand transformation scene, but this actual roaring of a giant locomotive In the erecting shop ukre place In an almost Incredibly short nave uf fine. First, a pair of compound cylinders are brought to the erecting floor -- 1 p nnVt fir J ! ; ; ' f i i; ! luoccnarjvjz zjxper dar?miKi2arr cfTzz.zzrpzzxzff (.Ml tons. i suspended over tbs track upon which tiic loco motive Is to b built. They are deposited Umn Jacks, and with little do-- p the fraim-- are placed In position, V. hlle the workmen are walling for Ilia bolier to arrlvo many minor fittings are applied, and when tl.e great cylindrical structure fur generating steam is brought In from the I siller shop and carefully Iowcied Into place the mass begins to xwnhlunce of a locomotive, I'"' All the while wnikmen hurry about mnr cnd hf Ilfta crane of all la lumitionl, prt t(B whole ,truohiie bodily Into the air wlillo tlis wheels, which have hern In on the forward end of the track. are rolled under ths suspended machine The engine now. lucks only the cxb, stack and pilot, and these, together with the running board and other minor details. are supplied in aa Incredibly short space of time. Touche of paint and var-niara qukkly, made here and there, and the locomuilve is. ready fur service, the holier and moving parts having been thoroughly tested meanwhile. The boiler ehup Is one of the important brum lies of the rs dern Institution, bice plate Is used exclusively in modern American locomotive boners, although in many engines for foreign export the firebox la of eopper. The steel la received at the works la sheet of various siaes and thicknesses soma of them being over h feet long, tills size being required to form n ring for the very large boilers now in use. The punching and drilling of holes In the big sheets of sled Is dune solely by tools driven by eeparale electric motors, tnus Hums away with tlie rou ovrrhwi hells of hygnn ly s su ig i TT lugh-scuu- J; V I 'f r. - i' : v oi r H', 3 iruut-iMtiw- es 4 k , t |