Show ai Y Litt t s to- to or W a fin of I AFGHANISTAN ONCE MORE FEARS BEARS BEAR'S PAW The collapse of ot In Russia was as hailed with acclaim In Afghani Afghanistan stun stan as freeing treeing her from an Influence that often has been embarrassing But the menace of the bears bear's paw Is renewed renewed renewed re re- with the threatened Incursions of tf the Bolshevik To the stranger the Afghan displays a Ii sort ort of specious and deceptive oriental oriental ori oil courtesy In fact a national proverb pro Is that The man who shuts his door to a stranger Is no Afghan But the stranger also would do well to know a saying current among the God Cod shield from fromen you vengeance vengeance ven ven- of the elephant the cobra and the Afghan For many strangers have ha found that upon pr provocation to which the Afghanis Afghan Is extremely sensitive sensitive tive the his dl disposition Is vengeful cruel I and crafty cratty Hl Isis desire desiree for tor plunge pillage ge theft heft and deception also Is apt to to get the best of him Your Tour Afghan Is a swarthy swaggering swag swag- Bering gering proud but withal vi thai prepossessing prepossess prepossess' prepossessing ing sort of man every Very inch the war warrior warrior while white he be keeps his bis turban on on but giving 1 a faint suggestion of or a he- he wigged Jurist of ot old English days dars when he removes It to disclose a head hend shaven sha from forehead forhead to crown with curly ringlets falling tailing about his shoulders shoulders shoulders ders from the unshaven portions Occasionally the men are fair asare as asare asare are most of the the- women whose hair In two plaits with colored tassels at the end conceivably might call can to mind an American nm musical comedy chorus prepared to sing School Days were It not for their flowing oriental robe robes I Afghan women WOlDen like Turkish women I are secluded they hut are considerably considerably consider consider- ably more adventurous than their Turkish sisters hence scandal is not Infrequent even in a land where where- a aman aman man than may have hn as s many wives as he e can support By Habibullah's father Abdur Rahma Rahman Rah flab ma man also were enacted measures of national defense singularly f In keeping k with occidental schemes for tion He made malie the boast that he lie could throw a hundred thousand men Into action in a week to defend one of his provinces and said his entire domain could raise a million fighting men to defend her soil soli Nor did he stop at the prediction He Ile worked out a sy system tem by which each man In every eight would alternate In taking instruction One had to be bevery bevery bevery very young or very decrepit to escape escape escape es es- cape the amir's draft for the service ser l e ages were from sixteen to seventy se So far as barring private ate makers Is concerned Abdur Abdul Rahman long before his death in 1001 1301 might have subscribed to the principle discussed discussed discussed dis dis- cussed during the J peace conference at Paris for he had his own factories i at his capital Kabul There are said to have been produced a dozen or more rifles and thousands of cartridges cartridges car car- a day and several guns a week eek n nONCE ONCE EXILED FAMILY OF BRAZIL NOW HONORED The visit of Secretary of State Colby to Rio de Janeiro and recent press dispatches stating that President President dent Pessoa Pesson of Brazil has signed a decree decree decree de de- cree revoking re the edict which banished former Emperor Dom Pedro II andall and andall all alt his relatives arouse Interest in the history of ot these United States of ot South America Harriet Harriet Chalmers Adams writing to the National Geographic Society says t There Is a movement under way to build a national pantheon In Rio lUo lUode de Janeiro and bring to It at the the time of the l 1922 22 centenary the remains of ot Brazils Brazil's historical personages Including ing fug Joao VI Pedro I Pedro Tedro II and an his consort To this the Portuguese government go will wUl probably consent and It Is to be hop hoped d that Princess Isabel too will agree Dom Pedro II should return with honor to the land of his birth The difficulty hitherto lay In Inthe InI InI I the fact that neither the princess nor I her sons were permitted to enter the Republic of Brazil and could no longs er visit the family tomb Dom Pedro H U died In Paris In 1891 Princess Isabel who married the French Comte d' d dEu u still stilt lives In France In Ir 1908 1508 her elder lder son renounced renounced renounced re re- his claim to the throne of Brazil In favor of ot his brother Dom Lute Luiz whose little son sou born In 1909 1900 Is la Pedro III I When In Lisbon I visited the Pan Pane theon where the rulers of Portugal lie Exiled from his country Do Dom u Pedro II IJ also found a re ting place In Inthe inthe the land of 01 his forefathers I t WI R most roost unfavorably with this Pantheon It altogether lacks Jacks the beauty and dignity of the royal map maii- of the Escorial In 3 ln Forthe For or Forthe orthe the payment of a small fee the custo tusto custodian it dian dlan permits you to tP climb a ladder and gaze at the embalmed body of ot the thelast thelast thelast last emperor of Brazil This seems seemA most unfitting Dom Pedro H n Is Brazil Brazils biggest name He It was as who led his country I Into the brotherhood of great nations I With him wisdom and kindliness SS I were were pre eminent Every ery Inch an emperor en em em I II peroT he yet was accessible to the the- I humblest of his bis subjects r. r L There is much In the city where he lived JIved for tor so many mony years still closely associated with his rule which ended only the other day as we count history his- his tory tory 1889 In the coat arms of ot the house of ot Braganza still be to seen on many of the buildings in such street names as Marquez de Sao Vicente Baroa de Petropolis de Maranguape and in the titled Brazilians Brazilians Bra Bra- one still meets In the country We nf realize that not many years ago i RIo o de Janeiro Was the as abode of ot royalty roy roy- alty Closely associated with Imperial rule In Its decline was the emperors emperor's daughter Dona Isabel While princess regent during one of ot her fathers father's visits visIts vis vis- its its to Europe In search of health she signed the most vital decree ever er Issued issued issued is- is sued In the country I saw the origInal inal document In the Hall lIali of ot Archives and the pen set et with diamonds and emeralds with with which the princess prncess' signed It the decree of or May 13 1888 which liberated slaves sla I I The decree of 1888 which freed treed all slav slaves s. s was U immensely unpopular with many of Ih the country's leading men who claimed the princess regent had been unduly Influenced b by her Glee cler kcal fat advisers ers This was one of the reasons for the fall of the empire although that event may be largely attributed to discontent all over o th the country owing to the centralization of power p In In Inthe the capital capita ts- ts DO FISHES TALK Do fishes talk 1 Recent speculation about a monkey lan language age gives rise to this even en more startling hinted at by Dr Alexander Alexander Alex Alex- ander antler Graham Bell BeU In a communication tion to the National Geographic so- so so clety Talk of ot course Is used In the 4 sense of communication a meaning which is not extreme singe we daily dally speak of or talking over the telephone the Instrument of ot Doctor Bells Bell's Invention tion though the voice that Is heard Is not that of or the speaker but a m mechanical mechanical me me- al reproduction of ot his utterance Did you you ever er put put your our head under underwater underwater water and two stones stones together to see what t tJ sound is like Doctor Bell writes If you have never done that try It and you'll got get a new seu- seu sen I did It once and it sounded as If a a man Dlan W were rl hammering for allbe all all' he was worth at nt my my very earI earI ear I then took two tiny little pebbles and tapped lapped them together quite lightly under water and It sounded like a aman aman aman man knocking at the door It was rather startling to hear such a loud noise from such a a slight cause Reflecting upon lupon various expert ments the thought occurred to me mt If It two little stones tapped together can be heard beard under water why every tiny lobster that snaps his claws laws must make an audible click 1 I wonder if It there are creatures In n the water that signal to onea one by by- sound Well WellI I had occasion to try It once one Bathing in Inthe the Grand river rl in Ontario Ontarl a great many years ago I put my head beall very ery gently gentl under under- w water titer ter and listened and sure enough tick ck tick came a sound like Uke a grasshoppers grasshopper's chirrup and a little while Lifter after that a chirrup on the other side There were creatures crest crea tures under the water that were calling calling call call- In ing to one one another I dont don't know whether all fish make sounds or not but there are some fish that certainly certaInty do The drum fish on our coast drums drum away vay In the water BO so loudly that you can hear bear him while you are walking on the shore It UIt Is also a significant fact that nil ail fish have ears Why should the they have ears if It there Is nothing for them to hear Of this w we we m may y be certain that certain that there Is a whole world of ot sound sound b beneath beneath be be- neath the waves waiting to be ex ex- Three quarters of ot the earths earth's surface surface surface sur sur- face Is under water Vat r and has not yet jet et been explored at least to an any degree L j t v vS r S RATS A COSTLY PEST As carriers of ot the dread bubonic plague rats are a menace but that thatIs Is only one form of their costly and dangerous depredations Rats are practically omnivorous and their depredations cover er a wide range writes Edward W. W Nelson In Ina Ina ina a communication to the National Ceo Geo Geographic graphic society They dig up newly planted grain destroy It while growing and also atso wb when n In the shock stack crib granary granary granary gran gran- ary mill elevator warehouse wharf and ships ship's hold hotd as well as In n the bInand bin binand binand and feed trough They T ley cat eat fruits vegetables vegetables' and Sand meats in n the market destroying at the s same me time by far fur more than Is consumed They destroy enormous numbers of ot eggs egg and poultry a as well as the eggs and young oung of song long and game birds In addition t they y Invade store and anti warehouses warehouses ware ware- houses and destroy groceries of ot every ery description a as well as furs fur laces sll silis carp carpets ts and leather goods They The cause many disastrous fires fireR b by gnawing matches by hS y gnawing gua through lend lead pipe near ne-Jr gas pas meters meter 1 or orby orby by hy cutting the 1010 electric elec elec- tec- tec teci i wires In n order to o secure material I for or nests ests and by gathering nil oil oit soaked rags rag and other Inflammable mal material I In their nests flood houses by gnawIng gnawing gnaw gnaw- ing lug through lead water pipes ruin artificial ar are artificial ponds and embankments embankment by burrowing and damage foundations Oo floors rs doors and furnishings of ot dwell dwen- dwell lags ings As disease ease carriers they also cause enormous commercial losses dally through the Introduction of bubonic bu bonic plague and the resulting suspensIon suspension suspension sion of commerce With the Introduction Introduction Introduction tion of plague they become directly responsible for business disaster as aswell aswell well as for an appalling mortality Much of th greater part of losses from these pests pesta Is in foodstuffs I which as already Indicated are d destroyed de at every ewry stage from the time I the seed is planted until they are ready for human consumption Investigation some years ago Indicated Indi 1041 Gated that the direct annual losses sustained sustained sustained sus sus- In the United States wera were about with a great additional additional addi addi- l sum in Indirect losses Including the effect on the public health and commerce from the diseases carried by rats and the necessary expendItures expenditures expenditures expendi expendI- tures In combating them Assuming roughly speaking that as estimated the rat population In the United States Is for the cities and for the rural districts it will require require require re re- quire th the destruction of ot property property- by each rat tt f r only a n little more than one-fourth one of ot a cent a day to make he the aggregate sum estimated as destroyed destro destroyed de de- d b by these pests j yearly early In this country CRIMEA THE THE- RIVIERA OF RUSSIA A proposal that Great li BJ I. I and aud the United States shall operate co-operate In caring for the Russian refugees from the Crimea again directs world sympathy sympathy sym sym- pathy to a land which has already known suffering Hanging down Into the Black sea like a butchers butcher's cleaver with Its handle pointed east and the near corner of ot the blade Joined to the mainland of ot Russia the Crimea where It was first planned to exile the abdicating czar Is about as near to being an Island as asa asa asa a peninsula well can be even en though a very ery narrow strait Is the only water water water wa wa- ter that thai des s between It and a second connection with the mainland On theone the theone theone one one side to the west nest st lies Iles the Gulf and to the east shut out from the Black sea by the handle of ot the cleaver Iea Is the Sea of or With an area matching that of ot New Hampshire a population equal to to that of New v Hampshire and cr Vermont ont together together together to to- I gether and a climate that borrows I good features from Florida and southern southern southern south south- ern California and rand bad ones from man many places place the Crimea Is one of ot the m mist st st fascinating bits of ot territory between Portugal and Cochin C China lna Its population Is a congress of ot races Its Industries range r from om the growing grow grow- growing ing lug of subtropical fruits and the housIng housing hous hous- ing fag of Russia's Hussla's elite as they flee from the c cold td to the herding of sheep and the growing of grains It Is a place of ot sided many-sided activities As the men of ot wealth of America have their winter homes in Florida and those of ot western Europe have theirs along the Riviera RI the people of f Russia have lune their country scats seats In the Crimea And beautiful places they are for fOT In Russia the rich are very rich The height of ot- the social season is from the middle of ot August to the first of ot November The p peninsula Is occupied pled by pe a according to t the Jast census mostly Turkish-speaking Turkish Tartars with witha a scattering of Russians Greeks Germans Germans Ger Ger- mans and Jews Cleanliness and morality mo nia ratty are said sOld to be proverbial trait of ot the Crimean Tartars who have ha b behn n undergoing the Influence of ot cation for or several se generations They have ha taken up vine culture fruit growing grow ing anti ant kindred occupations with azeal a azeal zeal leat seldom equaled east of ot the tho Ae Aegean ean The novels no of Tolstoy give a graph graph- graphIc Ic Ie picture of ot the Crimean war from the Russian viewpoint viewpoint depicting depicting the miseries of ot the march the anguish othe o othe 01 f the Hie life ite In In the the and the ordeal of manning I nerve destroying the lines under shellfire there to to aw await the night attack that might o or I might not come It was In this war wa that Florence Nightingale rendered ser service as a nurse that |