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Show HONOR OF OUli FLAG. IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN GUARDED FROM INSULT. Soma War Preparations Tliat Followed Casas Kot Wholly t'nllke That of the Maine John Hull lias Invar la blj lleen the Chief Offender. There are a large number of precedents which might aid In shaping action In the Maine case when the facts are fully established. While none of the cases show the fearful loss of life caused by the Maine explosion, yet they Include many instances in which the United States had adopted energetic measures to redrees the killing of American citizens In foreign countries. In a geneial way these methods of redress have Included demands for indemnity, proclamations excluding war ships of the offending nation from the Unite . Slates harbors, diswithplay of force, drawal of the minister, reprisal and blockade. Some of these steDB border closely on war, although they are regarded as movements just preliminary to actual hostilities and as amounting to a threat that force will follow If reparation Is not made. The case of the Water Witch la considered to be the most nearly analogous to that of the Maine, should It be established that the Maine disaster was not the result of accident. The Water Witch was a United States ship engaged In 1855 In surveying the entrance to one of the rivers of Paraguay. Without warning, and by orders of President Lopez, of Paraguay, a force of troops opened fire on the Water Witch, killing one man at the helm and wounding others. Intense feeling was aroused in the United States when the facts became known. mode f action. The Chesapeake was proceeding to sea when she was hailed by the commander of the Leopard with a demand that British deserters said to be In the hold of the Chesapeake ha surrendered. The American commander refused to comply, whereupon the Leopard first fired a shot across the how of the Chesapeake and followed this with two broadsides. The American commander was severely wounded, three Bailors were killed outright, and many were wounded. Being unprepared for action, it being a time for peace, the American commander hauled down his colors and surrendered. It Wm llrltlnh Outrage. Tremendous excitement prevailed in the United States over this outrage. President Madison speedily Issued a proclamation excluding all British war THE CHRISTOBEL COLON. (Cruising In Cuban WaterB.) ships from American ports. He aTso caused energetic protests and demandj to be presented at London. The British authorities promptly disavowed the action, recalled the admiral under whom the outrage had been perpetrated, and without request tendered an Indemnity sufficient to support the wives and families of those who had been killed and wounded. In a later case the American ahlp Prometheus was fired on in the harbor of Greytown. The ahlp had declined to pay excessive port charges Imposed by the king of the Mosquito territory, then controlling theterrltory under a British protectorate. The king called A VERITABLE FOOLS PARADISE Carlo anil tha Great Trull ta of tha C'aaluo Company, We hear at Intervals of the man who broke the bank of Monte Carlo,' and 'more frequently of unforlunatis whom that institution has broken. Everybody is familiar with the fairy-Lk- c aspect of the place, through Innumerable descriptions, views or stage pictures. And the realities are tangible enough, when wc read the periodical reports of the toy principality's business or the pamphlet lately published by the Casino company relative to its dealings with the prince of Monaco. The prince lives upon the annual subsidy he recrives from the gaming establishment, and his principality a tract of less than ten square miles, with about the population of a small American town is maintained from the Bame source. In other words, the gambling spirit of polite Europe i3 here concentrated, organized, administered and run with handsome profits by the joint stock company that leases Monte Carlo and ita concessions. What these profits amount to may he gathered from some of the figures of the statement of expenses given In the shareholders pamphlet. Last seasons expenditure of the principality apart from the maintenance of the Casino, which was 84.170, 000 amounted to Of the latter sum the prince 8650,000. received 250,000; the courts, police, etc., absorbed 8100,000; clergy and schools, 845,000; charities, 830,000; e prizes for Bports, 855,000, and the Notwithand losses, 810,000. standing these expenditures 82,880,000 was paid out in dividends on shares. Summing up, therefore, we find a total revenue of 87,700,000, representing the amount left at Monte Carlo by the fools of the world for a season's pleasure. A lrrge portion of the balance of the Casino companys expenditure not accounted for In the above items le TIIE TORPEDO IX WAR. Mont post-offic- greatest agent of destruction NOW USED. History of Its Evolution froiu tho Yrur I l to tlio Kveut lu Havana llarlHir on Frb. IS l.ast During the Civil Mur. MEU1CAN g. n'.ui has done mure to develop the torpedo as an instru-cuof niailac warfare than the inventive skill of any other natlon-alitWhile the nt r y. ; history of this ter-rib-le death engine dates as far back as 1585, when an Italian engineer named Zambelll destroyed a bridge during the siege of Antwerp by exploding a scow load of gunpowder against the pier, it was not until the days of the revolutionary war that an actual demonstration was made of the efficacy of the torpedo. Since that time the process of evolution has gone forward rapidly, and from a crude contrivance consisting of nothing more than a barrel, a few pounds of gunpowder and a time fuse, the torpedo has reached a stage which represents the perfection of human skill and the expenditure of vast sums. Once an lnsgnfl-can- t Invention, drifting at the mercy of. contrary currents. It Is now a thing of life itself, capable of attacking a vessel with almost as much precision as though animated by human Intelligence. The origin of the torpedo may be traced back to the days when the ancients employed Greek fire to destroy the shipping of their enemies. It was the discovery of gunpowder that opened the way for a natural development of the idea, and quickened the inventive brain to the possibilities of the torpedo In time of war. After Zambelll had achieved renown by blowing up the bridge at Antwerp, nearly two experiments In sumarlne mining and turned his attention to steam navigation. It is a remarkable fact that Fulton planned a system of torpedo warfare upon which very little improvement has been made today. He devised four clarses of torpedoes buoyant mines anchored in the channel to be defended and exploded by contact with tho hull of r.n enemy's vessel; line torpedoes, to l.e set ml rift and fouled by tlie cables of a hostile fleet at anchor; harpoon torpedoes, to be discharged from a gun and fired by clock work after be'rg attrehed to a vessels side, and block ship torpedoes, to be carried on long r; ara pr. j. cling from a boat's bow and exploded by contact. All those devices except the harpoon torpedo are included in the modern system. Colonel Famuel Colt, Inventor of the revolver that bears his name, was the next American genius to take up the study cf torpedoes, and the first to Introduce electricity as an igntlng agent for the explosive charge. After years of experiment be blew up a brig under full sail in the Potomac river, April 13, 1843. It was a wonderful demonstration for those days, and has never been equaled since Colonel Colt operated his electrical battery at Alexandria, five mllcB away from the spot where the brig was destroyed, a feat which the government engineers at Wlllut's Point bave yet to undertake with the same succress. The secret believed to relate to a method of making a vessel telegraph her own position died with him. When the civil war broke out American inventors were given an opportunity to demonstrate on a grand scale the Important part which the torpedo can be made to play In maritime warfare. During the last two years of the war the fedei al government lost seven Ironclads, thirteen wooden .war vessels and seven army transports, and had eight more vessels seriously Injured. The confederates lost four vessels by their own torpedoes and the Albemarle, a fine new Ironclad which had proved a terror to United States vessels. The destruction of the Albemarle was accomplished by one of the most daring exhibitions of bravery ever recorded in history, and served to place the name of Lieut. William B. Cushing In tbe long list of the worlds heroes. Cushing was only 21 years old. THE THIRTEEN INCH GUN ON THE BATTLESHIP INDIANAS AFTER TURRET. The President reported the facts to Congress, and In his message asked authority to make a demonstration re-of force which would insure suitable dress. In response Congress authorized him the British warship Express to sustain his demands, and' the Express promptly sent a broadside into the No one was killed, but Prometheus. the United States made a prompt demand for reparation. The British to use such force as is necessary to government gave this In the fullest secure ample reparation. Accordingly manner and without question. Displays of force were made by the an armed fleet was hastily assembled reas United was States in 1852 against Japan which scale regarded on a markable for those days. The exped- and in 1858 against Java. In the forition included nineteen ships, twenty-fiv- e mer case American sailors had been heavy guns and two thousand five severely handled in Japanese ports, Acand the native courts failed to give hundred sailors and marines. civilian were A naval expedifleet this adequate redress. companying plenipotentiaries prepared to present tion was sent to Japanese waters, and the demands of this government and this had the effect of securing the fullenforce them by calling on the fleet est apology, and also an agreement by The expedition made a formidable which every protection was guaran-showing in South American waters, and President Lopez government was awed Into complete subjection by lia , The American commispresence. sioners and naval officers were received at Asuncion with much honor, and every reparation within the power of the republic was given. This Included an abject apology, a sweeping disavowal, and 810.000 for the sufferers from the outrage. As the republic was willing to grant full reparation, the naval expedition did not exert the force It was prepared to use In case of a refusal. When the facts of the expedition were reported to Congress, the President said that the dispatch of this formidable naval fleet had had a salutary Influence throughout the world, and had convinced foreign nations that the United States would protect the lives of Its citizens with all the force at Its command. The case of the firing on the United States ship Chesapeake by the British ahlp Leopard is another case affording a precedent as to the government's on THE U. S. TORPEDO BOAT GWIN. (Can Destroy Any Battleship Afloat) teed to American citizens and property In Japan. In the latter case a large naval force was sent to the waters of Java to demand that the native trial courts should give the fullest protecThe expedition tion to Americans. was successful In its purpose, and all the desired assurances were given. The pictures presented are for the e war purpose of contrast with material. old-tim- BUy IIivi Grudge. absorbed by press subventions," amounting altogether to 8125,000. This means, as the Monte Carlo phllanthrop-let- s frankly explain in their pamphlet, that it Is absolutely necessary to expend large sums In securing the good will of the continental press. Some of the alluring but imaginative tales of vast winnings and bank breakings may be traced to this source. It Is also a fact that some of the stories of suicides at Monte Carlo are the inventions of envious journals that do not come in for a share of the spoils. i w Hw Good Time, Returned Daughter Oh, ms, everybody was so kind to me when I was in the city. They took me to balls and parties and theaters and operas and all aorta of places. Shrewd Ma I knew they would. You told everybody, didnt you that your pa had bought a cottage at Newport, and we expected to entertain all our friends and relatives there next summer that Is, if they would come? Daughter Yes, Indeed, ma; and they said of course come. theyd Newport is the capital of Rhode Island lsn t it? Shrewd Ma The Newport we are going to Is In Pennsylvania. New York Weekly. Jmnplng it Conclusion. hear Miss Fllmser say that she had a speaking acquaintance with that millionaire? asked Maud scornYes, fully. replied Mamie with Its the first time I knew equal scorn. that she ever worked in a telephone exchange. Washington Star. Did you who sings early In the morning must have a sweet disposition." Her Itanannd. She may have a Not necessarily. Ha I am willing to admit that I grudge against her neighbor next was wrong. She Ah! but you must s. door." admit that I waa right! A girl Tit-Bit- TU-Blt- a. Cushing asked for permission to destroy the Albemarle while she was tied up to the wharf at Plymouth In the Roanoke River. The permission was granted, and on the night of Oct. 27, 1864, with a crew of thirteen officers and men, he steamed up the river In a little launch. A long spar projected from the bow of the launch, at the end of which was a torpedo. A string, one end of which was tied to the trigger of the torpedo and the other of which was In the hand of Cushing, afforded the means of exploding the charge. At full speed the launch dashed at the Ironclad, and when within twenty yards it was discovered that a cordon of floating logs surrounded the ship as a protection against such an attack. The little launch darted out into the middle of the river, Cushing gave orders to put on all steam, and then he turned her once more toward the enThe speed was so great that emy. when the launch struck the log she slid over. A volley of musketry saluted the daring crew as Cushing pulled the string, and then a mighty column of water shot up In the air. A few minutes later and the Albemarle was on the bottom of the river. So was the launch. Cushing swam down the river and escaped, and the rest of his crew was captured. W. H. M. DISCHARGING A TORPEDO. (United States Torpedo Boat Stiletto, Now in Commission.) centuries passed before It was realized that the effectiveness of the torpedo depended on the submergence of the charge at the time of explosion. It was Captain David Bushnell, an American engineer in the revolutionary war, who first experimented on the principle of submergence. He also Invented one of the very first submarine boats, by which the first attempt at actual warfare was made. He waa the originator, in fact, of submarine mining as it Is practiced today. The first practical trial of the submarine boat was made In 1776, when Sergeant Ezra Lee directed the craft against the British frigate Eagle while she lay In The attack was New York harbor. not successful In destroying the frigate but the narrow escape from destruction sent cold chills down the back of Lord Howe, who used the vessel as his flag ship. In the year following Captain Bushnell turned his attention to torpedoes. He filled a number of kegs with gunpowder and time fuses, and PERFECT OF ITS KIND. then set them adrift In New York There la to be seen In Marsala, Sicily, harbor with the hope oiie of them would lodge against the sides 'of the the recently excavated Marsala vase-- one of the most exquisite which has frigate Cerberus, a British warship that One of was anchored In the harbor. these kegs floated alongside a prize schooner which was tied to the stern The sailors saw It, of the Ceberus. and, ignorant of its deadly character, It extook It aboard for examination. was not there and enough left ploded, of the Bchooner to hold up a drowning man. Twenty years later Robert Fulton, the noted Inventor, revived the Ideas of Captain Bushnell. He constructed a submarine boat called the Nautilus, and tried to sell it to the French navy. He showed the French the merits of the boat In August, 1801, by destroying a launch In the harbor of Brest, the first case on record of a vessel being blown up by a submerged charge of gunpowder. For some reason the French did not care to buy the Nautilus, and Fulton then offered her to the British government, with the expectation that he would be allowed to CELEBRATED MARSALA VASEL operate her against the French fleet come down to us from antiquity. Conat Boulogne. He gave a successful noisseurs pronounce It a gem. Marsala demonstration on a brig which he purIs an Interesting town as well as a chased for experimental purposes, but health resort. It still retains parts of the British government rejected his its fortifications, mighty bastions, some proposals as unsulted to the interests of them fabulously old, and there Is a and dignity of a nation that enjoyed subterranean city as extensive as the full sovereignty over the seas. Fulton one above ground. The catacombs of returned to the United States and tried Marsala differ from other catacombs to gain recognition from his own counbecause the Idea of dwellings for the living as well as the dead are considtry. Commmdore Rogers of the American navy made such a show of oppo- ered. These catacombs doubtless origsition that he finally abandoned his inated In quarries. |