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Show THE PAYSON CHRONICLE. PAVSON. I rjML CLASSIFi ... 155 v Lightning Calculator Estimates Distances Upon Deflection of Electrons; Study Of Apparatus Still in Infancy. Hy I5AUKHAGE ,en i Anulysl und Commentator. VVN U Srrvlre, Union Trust Building, veyor makes these calculations by observation from two known points. Washington. I). C. (In a fire limit article Mr. Uankhane And you don't have to be an en'old some of the little kroun facts in gineer to do it either it is done 'he history anti development of rntlar automatically by a lightning calcumil recortieil in an v of its mssihle peace-- a lator. me uses. In this article he explains I have stood in awe before these it hat makes radar tick and how it performed some of its man clous feats in calculating machines, which can "think" moie accurately and a :lus uurj thousand times faster than I could ofof a the 'Impact, publication figure, and watched how they direct fice of the assistant chief of air staff, tiie aim of the turret, waist and tail titelhgcnce brunch, for the first guns on a H 29. 3me lifting the veil which has covAs I said in last week's article, ered descriptions of radar, says the enemy has radar, too. The GerA radar set is nothing more than a machine for sending mans were working on it with inelectrons out into space in a steady vestigation and exieriment which itream in a desired direction. These paralleled ours and those of the Britelectrons travel with the speed of ish. In the parly days of the war the Germans had receiving sets on Jght in a straight line until their of E'rance. energy is dissipated, or unless they high hills along the coast The electron beam, like that of teleinto something." Jump If a vision, moves in a straight line and That bump is important. stream of electrons is shot into the since the surface of the earth is air like a searchlight and a plane curved, tills curve gets in the way if the image and receiving set are flies across the stream, the electrons which hit the plane bounce too far apart. Therefore, land sets back. They bounce right back to a are placed as high in the air as screen in the radar scope and are possible. We knew that the Germans had revealed in the form of a "blip some kind of an electronic device of light, just as an echo bounding back on your eardrum Is reflected and they knew we had one. One of the early commando raids, which In tha form of a sound. The principle of the real echo is the papers said was successful in used In "sonic location of obstadestroying a German "radio stacles ships use It to locate shoals. tion, really destroyed the radar Tor instance. And, recently. It has been demonstrated that bats use the same principle in avoiding ob- Poke Out stacles (which they can't see since Japs Eyes they are blind) by uttering a tiny One of the reasons why Iwo Jima "beep, the pitch of which is proband Okinawa were so important, betoo to for ear the human ably high sides the fact that they make extatch. Their beep bounces back In cellent naval and air bases, is belime to warn them to duck. cause the Japs had their radar deBut radar's electronic 'blip" is tection stations on these islands and One better than a sonic ''beep. were able to detect the presence of reason Is that an electron moves our bombers and Intercept their with the speed of light which is fastYou will also recall that a flight. er than sound. number of little adjacent islands that hardly seemed of any imporEcho Caught tance were seized by our troops. On Radar Receiver In all probability it was because Perhaps at this point we ought to they had radar installations which recall to your minds what an could detect and give warning of electron is. A short definition of an planes leaving the larger island for As we put out her "eyes" electron is "the most elementary Japan one after another, Japan becomes charge of negative electricity. Electrons plus protons (the positive more impotent. There have been charge) are what atoms are made many eases, you may have noticed, Of and atoms are what molecules where the Japs, on land or on small are made of and you and I and the ships, have been taken by surprise. universe and all it contains are, as I have no information on this subwe learned in high school, nothing ject. but in some cases it may have been due to the fact that they but various groups of molecules. Ordinarily electrons pursue the lacked radar equipment It is beeven, if rapid, tenor of their ways lieved that what radar knowledge well within the bounds of their own Japan has came from the Germans atoms. But radar has changed all Of course, there is one phase of that. It has made it possible to radar detection which in the past project those electrons out into has sometimes prevented use of space and then. If they hit some- data concerning the detection of a thing and bounce back, to catch the plane or ship. That is the fact that "echo on the "scope of the radar until the object is very close it canset in the form of a "blip or blob not be identified. It is merely a of light. "blip" of light. Therefore, it is imWe can't go into detail as to how possible to tell friend and enemy Uiis operation takes place, but we apart. Some sort of identification can tell you In a general way. The has been developed, details of which scope of the radar set Is round. It are still, I believe, "top secret is like a map. North at the top, An of how this worked to south at the bottom; east to the right the example disadvantage of the British was and west to the left. So that you in the engagement in which HMS will know where you are a little Hood was lost. On May 21, 1941, light appears on the screen Just the Hood was lying in the strait bewhere your set is located on the tween Iceland and Greenland when "map you are looking at. By movout of nowhere she was ing the instrument, you can keep suddenly hit by a salvo from the in If middle. the see you yourself of the powerful Bismarck. The another spot of light on the screen guns Bismarck had accurately located up where 12 o'clock would be on the Hood with radar equipment; your watch dial, you know there is the first reported successful use of a plane (or other object) north of redar in such a naval operation in you. If it should be a plane and it the war. It is said that the Hood the were coming toward you (which tiad likewise detected the presence Instrument would reveal) and it of a ship at the spot where the Bisfinally appeared right on top of the marck was. but knowing that a light that showed your location, number of friendly warships were you'd know tha there was going to in the vicinity, did not dare to take be a collision of attacking first. Radar can see" a ship 30 miles the chance Many improvements have been away -- and see It In the dark, in radar which are not as yet made a of or cloud wall through mist, ready for the public eye and all which no human sight could pene-tatsay the study is only in its infancy. Different substances give stronger Scientific achievement seems limitor weaker "echoes" on your screen, less and the one virtue of war is water little or none Land more, that it spurs inventive genius to built-uareas more than fields. great strides of progress. When peace comes radar will Rocks more than softer surfaces. In addition to locating an object likewise open new vistas of whien the lavtnan hardlv dreams In relation to the observer (the location of the radar set), the distance from the object can be calculated Harry Truman didn't want to be by the length of time ft takes for vice president. James Byrnes didn't the electrons to reach the object and ask to be made secretary of state. bounce back. The elevation (angle Neither wanted to mix into interof height from observer) and the national atrairs but they found deflection (how far to the right or themselves on the same boat en left) are calculated just as a sur route to Germany. 1 urging adoption R I Li F S . . . bv nukh a zo Japs are making kitchen knives from American incendiary bomb cases. They ought to be ready to set up housekeeping soon since we have begun throwing everything at them but the kitchen stove. American flier back from a Jap prison camp says the Japs, realizing they are beaten, are treating our prisoners better. Nothing like a gixid licking to bring out one's virtues. One of Hitler's favorite tunes was "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf." That was before he got a bear by the tail. The new DDT insecticide perfected hy the army kills every tiling but human beings Another secret weapon agamst Jan.tri An 1KLMXN COMMITTEE CARRIES ON Senators Kilgore of West Virginia of Maine (Dorn.) and Brewster experian interesting had (Rep) m ence while probing conditions Gc-vi v for the Mead committee, committee. forn.i !v the Truman of Lt. Call ng at the headquarters M Patch, they were Alexander Gen. received courteously by the general them for himfll, who talked withoff to keep went then ten minutes, an api'omtim nt. The two senators then proceeded Setwith their usual investigation. miliS. U. the of one in tling down in witnesses, tary offices, they called with a them and everydown taking stenographer said. was that thing This continued for nearly three Senhours. Unlike most visitors. ators Kilgore and Brewster seemed Intent on really finding out what occuwas happening in that part of Gen. ArFinally. Germany. pied thur White, chief of staff to General In the Patch, appeared nervously background. "Gentlemen," he said, "ahem . . . its a little un- this procedure . Im not sure that we car permit you to continue. of the then pending constitution, wrote of the need for a sea going service which would prevent "material infractions upon the rights of the revenue. "A few armed vessels," he wrote, "judiciously stationed at the entrance to our ports, might at small expense be made useful sentinels of the laws." With the constitution adopted, the first congress elected under It, in the spring of 1790, approved Hamilton's idea for a marine law enforcement agency, and on August 4, 1790, the services birthday, appropriated money to build 10 cutters and pay salaries to their officers and men. E'or six years the small cutters were the only armed vessels under the United States flag. (The navy was created In 1794 by act of congress, but its ships were not In service until 1797.) Given Naval Rank. The possible defense value of the cutters was recognized early. In suggesting establishment of the service, Hamilton asked that officers of the cutters be given military or naval rank, "which," he said, "will not only Induce fit men to engage, but attach them to their duties In with a nicer sense of honor. 1797, congress passed a temporary act to increase the strength of the cutters "and cause said revenue-cutter- s to be employed to defend the and repel any hostility to their vessels and commerce within their jurisdiction, having due regard to the duties of said cutters In the production of the revenue. In 1798, during the "undeclared naval war with France, the President, "with a view of producing a concert of action of the naval forces of the United States, placed the revenue vessels at the disposition of the secretary of the navy. In the next year, congress passed an act providing that the cutters were to with the navy whenever the President should so direct a precedent since followed in every war. The cutter Taney went through Pearl Harbor unscathed and the next day left the stricken Pacific base on antisubmarine patrol. The t Icarus received credit for sinking the first German submarine in United States waters when she and took 33 prisblasted a oners off the Carolina coast. (A seaman is ill, requiring immediate medical attention. Coast guard boatswains chair to the merchant ship. vessel transfers doctor on An example of the work done by the coast guard In their 155 years of service. manned ships lost as the war progressed the Acaccia, the Muske-ge- t, the Natsek, the Escanaba, the Leopold, and the Serpens. To many. In peacetime, the coast guard was known as the "Mercy Fleet, and there is a long tradition behind its reputation for the saving of life and property at sea. Back In 1833, some of the cutters were to aid distressed vessels 165-foo- coastguardmanned destroyer escort, with several navy ships, was in at the kill on the last sunk in the Atlantic by American forces.) Many Ships Lost. A tragic "first" of the coast guard was the loss of the cutter Hamilton, torpedoed oil Iceland in January, 1942, the first American warship lost to a submarine after the start of the war and, unfortunately, the first of a line of coastguard- - Adm. Russell K. Waesche, comof the U. S. coast guard, mandant h with his third stripe, which designates him as a full admiral. half-inc- and save lives; a duty they had performed incidentally from time to time. The combination strengthened the services devotion to the saving of life and property a devotion amply demonstrated during this war. In the Normandy invasion, a fleet of coast guard vessels (considered small craft now, but more than twice the length suggested by Hamilton in his recommendation for the first cutters!) which had been on antisubmarine duty in the Atlantic was designated as Rescue Flotilla 1 and, in the first days of the invasion, pulled more than 4,000 men to safety from channel waters. The coast guardmanned assault transport flagship for "Utah" beach, cared for more than 600 casualties during the three weeks it was anchored off the beachhead. Also Serve in Air. Outstanding also has been the coast guard's initiative in the experiments with airplane, parachute and helicopter rescue groups. Adm. Russell R. Waesche, first full admiral to head the coast guard, also sits with a Rescue committhe Joint tee set up by all of the armed services to investigate and experiment with rescue techniques. From the life saving stations, the coast guard acquired personnel well versed in the knack of handling small boats, in battling surf, wind and tide. The nation has drawn heavily on these men to participate in every invasion of the war and to train others in amphibious landings. Many surfmen were among the personnel of the boat pool set up under Coast Guard Comdr. Dwight H. Dexter at Guadalcanal and Tul-ain August, 1942, the Allies' first successful amphibious operation. Aboard the coastguardmanned assault transport Samuel Chase, the passenger, ship formerly African Meteor, the technique of loading small landing barges at the rail was first used in the invasion of Sicily on July 10, 1913. The technique was decided upon after the vessels earlier experience in the African invasion in November, 1912, and speeded up sueh operations by many precious minutes. The coast guard also has been called A handyman" and in war or peace the service has become used to having new duties and functions added to its work. After the Titanic disaster, nations of the world formed the International Ice Patrol and the duty of patrolling was delegated to the coast guard. Senator Brewster. continued Kilgore, "Yes, Its the same procedure followed by this committee under former Chairman Truman. "You probably recall him, "hes now added Brewster, President of the United States. assisted commercial fishers in many places, so when it became desirable to restore Italy's fishing industry after Allied occupation, a coast guard mission was dispatched to Italy in the fall of 1943 to direct the work. The mission was so successful that in the assigned territory fishing was restored. ausin fleer U' lit sl IXSTRl'cn0j pARBKHS AIIE eV m a Barbenny a permanenttaucht business wtk SALT LAKI: BAKBEE Edw. F. Gillette, Mjr. war W)cei idbei final hea ft ing fair Choose" 22 you and training skqiej any time. U me far free u QUISH SCHOOL OF BEAUT So. Main Sir. I if cai Any wn RIISCELLAXE( we Bl'Y ANuln Office Furniture. Files Tya Ing Machines Safes. Cast SALT LAKE DESK E, SS Waal Broadway, Balt Any m flavor-W- ki o crystals-N- cw No scorched fa recipes k Inexpensive-2- 0 Please send this ad for freest from or yovr buy pie offer, LOMOlinc Brand Homemode b( STABILIZi 835 HOWARD UNtt TfC 3St cot fits Beds ised mi i can, WHY BE FAT Get slimmer without exerciu Yon may lose pounds and hart: more Blender, graceful figure. exercising. No laxatives. Nodno With thi AYDS plan youde: cut out any meals, lurches, pi tatoes, meats or butter, you: ply cut them down. It' eas when you enjoy delicious (r.; min fortified) AYDSbefoiena Absolutely harmless. jin clinical tests conducted! more than 1 00 persona lot U age in a few weeks with Candy Reducing Plan. of AY supply Try a Money back on the very first s get results. Phone Leading Ca Drug Everywhere idler m ( he U rces Uioi It p ut ale w tier Ills ig Dtiol lit irffi ..i lit Q3D tea lie 7. .6 get results of psychological warfare direct from his own family in an enemy country. However, Ugo Carusi. director of immigration and naturalization, has a first hand report on the dr I for coast guard peacetime skills in the midst of the global war. For example, the coast guard has long re ot to had that experience. Carusi came to this country as a small boy from the marble quarries of northern Italy, went to work in the marble quarries of Vermont, and got to know Harlan F Stone who brought him to the justice when Stone became attorney general under Coolidge. And during the war, been broadcasting to people urgmg them to With the end of the war. tPr his ItaTv'VeT Lfrm , heineH ,nSrire thP Nazis reJ? heo . to hW broadcasts bn,Uo gainst the ynu can of your relatives r;om he oldest down vounS lad.v 'P of cases showed clinical improve oar co menc after oolf wii days treatment SORETONE in imp13 scientific test. n :c it fro Wl r.en tore SOfiETON! Mad by McKisson Sold wltb money back me t toW P" 5Q0 and H.0C W.i bin rig ca rol) a; 'Pi no aves hlS Prf,,Jd ", :?on Carusi has the Italian surrend Carusi has hl WrteJa CliSin' vs Lydia E. Pinkhmns not pound 13 famous a18 b; periodic pain but nervous, tired. when due to Junction rebturbances. Taken aco uild up reslsum.eev'(InPfts:j terns. Plnkham's turel Follow label Jjjdia. . rhic cfSr-c- pru-mat-ic Throughout the war, on an only slightly reduced basis, the coast guard has continued all of its peacetime functions, such as maintenance of aids to navigation, enforcement of maritime and navigation laws, as well as performing duties more directly tied in with the war, and besides furnishing men to man hundreds of ships of all types and stations in all theatres of the war. Surprising uses have been found jnsib' whipping ITALIAN UNDERGROUND It is not often that anyone can mass-produce- Peacetime Duties Continued During War 0r At home No ice Judges Vinson and Thurman Ar- Bold have already made two vacancies on this court. Two other vacancies will occur when Chief Justice Duncan Groner and Judge Justin Miller resign. It may keep the White House busy looking for good men to take their places. If you talk about prisms, Grandma might think you mean the glass ornaments decorating her chandelier. But her grandson, if hes a G.I. Joe, is aware of the fact that solid glass prisms have been the means of saving many lives during the war. It was early in the war that the army wanted a tank periscope sape-rio- r to the typo made of mirrors and fiat glass windows. As a result, glass technicians here developed a new plate glass prism that supplied about a 50 per cent increase in visibility. And equally." ,f not more important. t:.i saperim :v was achieved in a unit tint ou!d be to take rare of the d, operate need for prisms, tradition, ally turned out in small qe ba the precise handicraft methods of the optical industry. When the first U. S. tanks went into combat, however, a great reed for viewing blocks deve! rd In those first tanks, commanderskad stand in the hatci ex; -- sed if fire sniper they wanted a fa! of their surround. view ngs An alarming number were kiilo d. The answer was a new type 0f bullet- resist ig viewing panel developed byG1 ass company. Made of laminated plate glass the tank observation panels are" , placed that tank crews and com 3n? ?nabIed to obtain T.l" a 360 degree field of vision when in action without having to open the hatch ha ,ee "what's gng on. The Br,7 Malic viewing blocks util: ze for the first time the refractive Properties of plate glass to obtain a Some indication of the Periscnpic importance of these prisms might be gleaned mUber UlUS far rncd ca by the glass concern. To dve more than 2.000.POO have been"" Produced for various instrument of war. Libbev-Owens-For- nil ice JUDICIAL EXIT There was a day when everyone in and around the Roosevelt administration wanted to be a judge. This ambition was largely precipitated by the Supreme court fight and the fact that the courts in those days had put several obstructive decisions squarely across the path of the New Deal. But now it is just the opposite. There is a growing exit from the courts. Judge Schwellenbach has just resigned from the bench to be secretary of labor. Judge Sherman Minton is itching to get off the circuit court of appeals in Chicago. And there will soon be four vacancies on the court of appeals of the District of Columbia, considered one of the most important courts In the countrv. old-styl- Coastguard manned LSTs are among the first to drop their ramps at Manila after American forces had driven the Japs from the Fhilippine capital. TRUCKS LONDONDERR- Glass Ornaments' IF AUTOS, MAKE Next day General Patch himself Invited the two senators to dine with him at the villa which he had taken over from a German princess. sea-goin- g Save Lives in I It's the same procedure weve always followed," replied Bay-fiel- Air-Se- sea-coa- . ,0l. meat of svaiUbili 1, United state, The United States coast guard on August 4 celebrates the 155th anniversary of its founding, proud of being the nations "first fleet" and proud of its "firsts" and its distinguished service on all fronts of World War II. Most of the 172,000 men who wear the coast guard shield on their uniform sleeves will celebrate the services birthday overseas, for the coast guard, created primarily to prevent smugglers from reaching the coast, ranges far from home in time of war to fight alongside the army, navy and marine corps. The coast guards story really begins in 1787 when Alexander Hamilton, first secretary of the treasury, while now nof industry will Big Factor in Present Successful Operations e. 15 Persons In Wars and Peace Coast Guard Has Been Radar Magical Beam That Bounces Back on Contact Years of Outstanding Service a Paro,.;r: the brthCr r co!o:'el who led rrarat' I t,H caPture of vember. t.""' From on, the 'Mam controlled ,n " PUb,1C "mew in the J P Cavcs with whuh toEood"rX.anta11,ln WCre and the entering Partigiani, re r n SrtwflMu V ifS " AR nTES nV'b bnibtoS He mat is m , reasonably l'n in one and with liTh month cor"r cent of p, waLm 6 producing 50 SChedu!eNazis had remove-n i . f Schwemfurt's int-tofore the air r i' machinerv TT it, manage officials that wrliV'lu"' ,0ld U- S. months he cocl-,hrce or fur pcr cent mnre DaVu'rn,"g out 20 'JPani,Ss than during the war 1 o-r 'S' j itt For 24 hour week, never You To Fer ver7nf,b. matter 'Pd",!, It more pe"P kidneys must y, p; plus fluid, fice ( j.J, matter that can without injury n(i be better undents whole system hop to function ProPrteo si , Burning, scanty tioo tomctmies pjfeft la wrong. ache, heftdahri,toigc' H pains, Why no, be using 1 lies', 'T. tCd country over. 0" tion of the ,o flush out po'W"P They blood. todayGet Doan BtoreB-- J lV, |