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Show f1. rf. Sniiwifa rT .. litf,iiilrif,iiil Neei Farm or Factory Help? Thousands of Workers History Written MWffl'MUND at Quebec; Only Time Will Reveal It Nearly Every Trade Found Among Loyal Japanese- Americans Military Experts Satisfied With Results of Roosevelt - Churchill Conference; Political Angle an Enigma. -- Farmers and factory ers who are looking anxiously about for help have available own- an almost untapped supply of By BAUKIIAC.E intelligent and industrious Nous Analyst and Commentator. workers. These people are 750 bedrooms, where some 300 milithe 90,000 Americans of JapaMr. Baukhage has written totary and technical experts were im- nese ancestry who are now m days column from Quebec, site molated. Canadian Mounted p dice, the ten relocation camps in of the confertough British marines and hr ftv Cathe West and Southwest. ence, which he covered for newsnadian veterans of Du Roosevelt-Churchi- ll papers afliiiated with Western Newspaper I'nion. WNU Service, I'nion Trust Building Washington, I). C. Now that some of the deep secrets which surrounded the most important conference so far held by the firm of Roosevelt & Churchill, purveyors of victory, are beginning to be revealed in action, one can lean its portals. pe guarded The inmates, like us, were virtually incommunicado. When they dared take a one d.iys river trip one officer said, "it was to prevent an outbreak of Invisible Ink There is much we did not know when we arrived. Theic is more we st. do not know of what occurred back, gaze at this remarkable ad- after the conferees met. History was written but it was writti n in venture in history in the making invisible ink and wonder . Now some things can be told In I cannot help recalling the evethe first place the event was, perning of Sunday, August 22, nearly haps purposely, perhaps unwittinga month after the actual preparations for the conference began, the ly, played down in Washington in Before I left the capital purpose of which was thjn un- advance I was assured the conference would even whose the by guessed people probalilv end about the Wednesday I Job was to do the spade work. was sitting with Edgar Mowrer, the a week before it did I had hoped for a quiet half-we- t k's vacation. newspaper man, Michael Barkway, representative of the But no sooner had I arrived on the British Broadcasting company, and Sunday preceding Roosevelt's arWilson Woodside, commentator for rival the next Tuesday, than I saw the Canadian Broadcasting system. we were all wrong. I felt sure someThat morning the nes had broken thing had happened when the Presithat Ambassador Litvinov would not dent and the prime minister had at Hyde Park. return to Washington. It was their preliminaryfortalkI am sure there learned that a virtually unknown Something did, member of the Soviet diplomatic had been no intention of producing the parade of cabinet officers and corps, who had been their representother brass hats who kept dropping In ative Ottawa, was to replace the adroit Mr. Maisky, Stalin's expert in from the skies and elsewhere one after another. But I learned that lieutenant In London. Woodside had learned, quite by the length of the conference was a t" by the President accident, that a little while before planned to before it began. He knew it long offof the representative Tass, the icial Russian news agency, who had would last precisely as long as it been an active participator In the did for he timed his Ottawa trip in advance so he would be back in press conferences, had suddenly deon August 26. He knew parted from our midst severing the Washington last shadowy link with the Kremlin. what was coming and that is why he slipped off for that fishing trip, A few days before, just as a rumor was circulating that the conference which was just that and nothing had agreed upon the division of more, ahead of the conference it was a health measure pure and simGermany into separate states as one ple. Churchill and his midnight ciof the post-wa- r a of text the steps, broadcast from Moscow was printed gars are something to prepare for, in an American paper It was made tlie wee sma' hours are the big moments for this human dynamo. Free Germany comby the Then the "something" yet to be mittee, and of course could not have voiced any views contrary to the revealed, happened. Churchil. hailed will of Stalin. It urged that the his foreign minister from London German army be kept Intact after and with him came not only Information Minister Bracken, who the war! played no part as an informer but Stalin m Absence nevertheless was of cabinet rank, Of course Stalins absence from but also the permanent head of the the conference had been widely dis- British foreign office, Sir Alexander cussed In Quebec. To say the least Cadogan with the accent on the we were four very confused mem"dog" pronounced (though Secretary bers of press and radio, and I think Early could never quite master it) dug. our feelings were typical two of us Of course Hull had to appear to had covered international conferences before. Was Russia running match Eden; then another cabinet a competition show to the one staged member, Secretary of War Stimson to match Bracken and then Secreon the heights of Americas Gibraltar? The shudder we shuddered and tary of the Navy Knox for good which spread out over the telegraph measure, perhaps to give verisimililines and airwaves bounced back to tude to the talk that the Pacific was the walls of the Citadel where the not being neglected. Then just be were conferring. At an fore Stalin made public his gestun of withdrawal (recalling Litvinov), oclock conference that eight presidential secretary Ste- T. V. Soong, Chinese foreign minisphen Early announced that the re- ter more or less permanently incall of Litvinov had been known to stalled in Washington for some time past, appeared. Then there was the the conferees long before It hapexcuse that a big drive on Burro -efno Influence had or and pened in wind. was the on fect the conference. Meanwhile all sorts of speculation The Big Drive about the effect of the absence of Meanwhile the press had blown the Russians, the ominous "empty chair, had been pouring out of Que- very hot and then very cold on an bec, perhaps comforting if not aid- immediate invasion of Europe from ing the enemy and probably making Britain. I don't know whether the reports that the big smash was comno one happy, even Stalin. Could this and the other unfortu- - ing was a part of the Allied war of nate things which were written have nerves, but I am sure that the folks been avoided; were we, in spite of who threw cold water on It were sincere in their belief it just couldn't ourselves, evil muses? I said to one of the willing but be started before spring. I sat with a general whom I have rather futile and frustrated men who were supposed to provide us with known for a long time, a real soldier facts: if we could have just had a In World War I as well as in this little guidance wouldnt it have been one. Here's what he had to say "We haven't got the men yet. We better? He admitted that was true, but, he must drpp bombs upon bombs added, "When an Information man There is a lot more softening up to do. asks the higher ups for Information they are so afraid they will say This man was on the periphery-n- et on the inside. I am sure that more than they ought to that we the technical experts, the officers get nothing. More than 200 press, radio and and we had them all, probably the news photographers were here. We greatest aggregation of military filled to bursting the little old Clarbrains and real experience, too. ever endon hotel, with Its narrow corri- assembled anywhere they were dors, Its lobby turned Into a tele- sure. They were certain. And when graph office, and Its modest bed- the conference was over they were rooms made into press room and satisfied. As to the political side, Two blocks that is an enigma and will be one broadcasting studios away was the spacious Chateau as long as Russia remains one. And Frontenac, a Normandie palace with that she is. 11 well-know- top-me- n eve-eveni- B R I E FS . . . The British colony of Fiji, once noted for cannibalism among the natives, Is granting reciprocal aid to U. S. forces stationed there to the value of almost three million dollars annually. Women have been found to be in making dies, the WPB has men's equals or betters diamond To continue the standard r J agn-cultur- wotk. Others are 'killed mechanics, and many are in pofes-siunOi cup.itions, in fact, range from dnct'Us to (i.'ohiliggcrs. Most of those pe. pie ate Airmican b in, d and are loyal to the Unl'ed States--. These workers in iv be hired por- y manentlv or by arv f .rm- er or other ernplover anywhere m the country, except m the mil.t iry rone, a snip rurin ng along the Pacific coast. Procedure whereby Ameriean-Japane.s- e and loyal are aliens brought out of the can.ps and pi iced In jobs is a simple one. A relocation office in each area has a s'.iff who look for jobs in dif- of officers ferent kinds of employment: farming, dairying, poultry raising, nursery, domestic, restaurant and hotel work, skilled and unskilled labor, factory work, various trades and professions such as dentistry, medicine, engineering, industrial designing. Job odcrs received are screened as to suitability of wage and workIf legitimate, the ing standards. ofTer is sent to any or all of the 10 relocation centers which are in the states of California, Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado and Arkansas. In the camp, job offers are catalogued, posted in mess halls and administrative buildings, and printed h evacIn the camp newspaper. uee has filed his working allocations and each camp ha- - an employment staff to assist the proper person to get the proper job. The evacuee is not forced to take a job. He can select one for which he thinks he is best qualified. He makes his own arrangements. He corresponds with his prospective employer and, if accepted, informs camp authoi lties vv ho then place him on indefinite leave which means he is entitled to leave camp and go t ivwliere in the United States except the forbidden regions. Both American cit.rcns of Japanese ancestry and Japanese aliens are allowed to leave the relocation camps in the West once their loyalty has been assured. Each evacuee is investigated by the War Relocation authority and males of draft age are checked upon by a joint board in Washington composed of the intelligence departments of the armed forces and WRA officials. Also, each evacuee is checked against FBI records. On the other hand, before an American-Japanessettles in a community, it is canvassed by WRA officers who seek reasonable assurances fiom rc'pi ofi'iei ils and citizens that local sentiment will not be against the newcomer. Indefinite leave usually is granted onlv to an evacuee wh,n has a place to go and means of s a port. Each evacuee must inform WRA m of any change in job or An evacuee must receive the st mdard wage rae of the Wush-i"g!o- n con-nui- of spring n (i (i S 1944 StWfTTg pn - -- Washington, D. C. H ltV IN' THE AIR U. S air operations out of England are n.ovv bv far the most exten s.ve and toughest operations of the U. S. air forces. Fliers who have seen actum in four theaters China, the Pacific, Ni rth Africa, and . o- . ' o adn.in-lstr.itA- i the fust three are child's work is d no ly the evacuees v. ho v oik as stenos, bookkeepers, ty ; ists, cleiks, interviewers, trau'lat rs. sw.chboard operators, etc. food ii, uh camp has an clotlo'ig s'uiis, a can'ein. V r jflay compared with the current opposition our ms, magazine racks and j mt a ev i n office, can ps M-'- have large agnrulural tracts and become largily si If sust.un.ng. taken from and Japanese An er i, alu i.s m met.n es are known as of On gun are JapIssei Kibei. and It' placed in anese born in Japan but who came here to live N.sei are second genconof eration Japanese, born in the Unitri ps or p! ices internment T y were established by ed Sffi'es and cit.eiis of this counfinement the I'ruted Mutes government fir try. K.bei are Ami rican born Japa-r.- i e who have g me back to Japan two (h.tf pm i. os to j rovide con n. unities whole ev i for rducat.on and then returned to America. WRA invest gates K'beis s can cor.tr, mite to their own sup- pint pending gradual reabs rj t.un very closely, watches them carefully and is reticent about giv.ng them fieedom. Mostly Nisei. The great bulk of the 135,000 Japanese in tins country at the outbreak of the war, including the 110.000 along the West coast, are Nisei. They are the young boys and girls, the men and women who have lived here all their lives and are just as American as we are. They have broken away from Japanese customs. Their thought is American thought. They prefer American food and our way of doing things. They like to jitterbug, go to movies, have coke dates and parties like any normal American. Surveys have proven that the Nisei have a greater percentage of members with a college or university education than any racial group in the United States. s, WELDER ."Many It is the belief of the WRA that like George V. Nakamura are the spreading of the American-Japanesexcellent tradesmen. He is working throughout the nation instead in Chicago at a farm implement of concentrated in groups along tha factory, whence he came from the coast will be a good thing both for Minidoka Relocation center, Ore., all Americans and for American-Japaneswhere he was maintenance N'l-u- i g PAR U ROOT MIRACLE There was one thrilling bit of untold historv regarding the Allied landing m Sicily which only now can A division of U. S. be revealed parachute troops actually stopped about two Nazi divisions which were dashing to the seacoast to await Allied landing barges. This occurred the night before the landing barges arrived. Had the paratroopers not succeeded in holding up the Nazis, U. S. troops might have landed literally in blood. What happened was that the paratroopers, coming down mysteriously at night, not far from the Nazi divisions, fooled the enemy into thinking he was outnumbered. Actually, a paratroop division is far inferior in numbers to a division of ground troops. But the Nazis could not tell in the dark how many Americans there were, got the impression that the sky was packed with paratroopers. So they decided to camp for the night and get ready for a fight the next morning. But by daylight U. S. landing barges were safely ashore. Japancsc-Amer-loan- e e. 8,000 American-Japanes- e in the United States Approximately LUDWIGS WARNING Emil Ludwig, famous German auarmed forces. After Pearl Harbor and biographer, recently had a they were given the opportunity to thor unique session with the armys volunteer and thousands of boys enin ordinary American communities. school for military government at Beginning January of this year, listed from the relocation camps. Va., as to what the Charlottesville, Two WRA initiated a program of steady large units at Camp Savage, Allies should do with Germany after conand Miss Minn., , of centers Camp the Shelby, by depopulation the war. residents vv.th good rec- tain most of the American-JapanesLudwig gave a series of lectures combat From alone Hawaii ords of behavior to fighters. private on how to prevent another Hitler came a combat specially picked employment in agriculture or indusfrom arising and plunging the world team of 2,500 American-Japanestry into another war 20 years hence. Relocation offices wore set up in boys. At Camp Savage many are Based upon years of studying Bisto be lantraining Chicago, Cleveland, New York, Kaninterpreters and marck, Hindenburg and the Kaiser, sas City, Little Rock, Salt Lake guage teachers. the German historian urged that Wherever they have been staCity and Denver to seek jobs for there be a strong army of occupaAmer.ean-Japanese- . tioned, Amer.oan-Japanes- e soldiers Each relocation area has sub- have won high praise from their tion by all the United Nations for at least five years. offices. The Chicago area, for excommanding officers. They are "The German people should know with zeal Wistraining covers Illinois. extraordinary Indiana, ample, for the first time in 130 years, he even in their free time spending consin, Mmresota and the eastern half of North Dakota. Elmer L. military study and voluntary drills. said, "what a foreign authority looks Shirrell is supervisor of the area. Instructors have to be keen and alert like. Only thus can they be brought to understand that they have been to avoid being tripped up by quesare located at Indianapolis, Peoria. Rockford, Milwaukee, tions. It is a saying among these defeated. Japanese-AmericaLudwig pointed out that German soldiers that Madison, Minneapolis and Fargo. militarism always had come from Relocation officers there carry on "We have a year and three minutes the same kind of employment and to live," meaning a year of hard Prussia, while Germany's culture had come from the south and west placement service given in the area training, and three minutes in the Therefore he proposed splitting Gerth ekest of the fighting. headquarters. WRA officials have found that ademany up into two states: (1) PrusMode! Communities. sia, small and isolated; and (2) Bam an evacuation center is quate jobs can be found for the evacbut uees, that is a varia, Saxony, and the smaller Cathno piece. American-Japanesserious housing were olic German s Res which are not abruptly moved from their own problem. This is especially true in homes and placed in barracks, large cities where booming war militaristic arid which would be plants have caused a heavy influx joined with Austria. This would put winch th e.gh adequately constructthe Catholics in one country and the ed, vveie bare of furniture, had no of war workers. Lutheran In the smaller Pius'inns in another. this communities or running water, toilets any concondition is less severe. WRA beNo Poor Misguided' Germans. veniences we accent as normal. A camp is laid out m blocks like lieves that a large measure of its Leave to the Germans all that a (My Each block contains two success will dej end upon how well other nations have," Ludwig recomrows of b. it racks housing 12 living the American-Japanes- e relocate in mended, but take away their urn's r ich block has its moss hali, small towns and agricultural areas. weapons, supervise their education, and give them political guardianlavatoi.es. showers and meeting V 'Vs jP' s. hall No family cooks for itself, ship. If you do not, and if you speak of the 'poor hut m.'Nt eat with the other inhabimisguided German tants of t: e Mock in n css halls people, then 20 years from now which are s' ifTod by full t.me your sons will be fighting another war against them. sp cooks and attendants. Food f r cacnecs at camp is "What I fear. continued Ludwig, - o "is that on the day after the death army quartermaster of Hi tier, the Junkers, the corps -i iost must not exceed 45 cents jir dev per evacuee. will kowtow to you nnd generals snv, 'We love Americans. Come, let' Full c.i" o has schools, churches, us be brothers again. reeteati. n halls, YMCA play, run I fear that some Tv .ii.d l:' a of you w,l! say, Now let us ometimes boy and make girl s Ci t t oi p. Each camp has . peace. They ae good people, these a police f irce. a fire department generals and eat h ck is represented in the But they are not. They are not i which can p c, one whit better than the meets regularHitlers. R ly vv .th officials to determine They merely have better manners. stratum and other probcamp a. In Ludwig declared. lems vvhih come up. Note: Ludw ,g paid tribute pri ... 1.. . vately to the Each fan !v is housed, fed and, excellent job the army f o"1' f'en er of the was vvorkis OYER family THE PLATE Strictly in doing at its school for military t'v government gives a small the Americ an tradition, these government. He said he had Japanesev a' tment from $2 to S3 50 -meriean met such sixth grade hoys an intelligent, to i ich n i "ber for clothing. play softball at mess, at the Man-angroup of rr cn, with such a A' v able bodied Ameriean-Japn-nc-on the wpr'd's future Relocation center in prob- can v. ;k at the camp, and gen are into a normal American life; and to serve as wartime homes for those who are unable or unfit to relocate e e s n e X; Air.pr-ican-Junu- ,v; V s f- i e- t v 'Vi . ej'VN P ' ';V ra s y &)?&. ddV MlXXCIl Miss Momajo A.un.ito cultivates the daik green stuff on the broad acres of the Gila River Reloeation renter farm. She formerly noiked in Fresno, Calif. Thousands of skilled agiicullur.il woikers like Miss Vatnaio are looking for private employ ment. With Apo!0 By JXMES M. c (National lure, ior 0j q In war every threat lci Is a war tl reat. Er. 1 sea, sabotage, fire and civil ca'astrophe lng power as truly that is wl Civilian L limited to rotection srj bombers but has ansv.. lion's need :n counties,', genctes. PROVINCT.TOWN SHIP DISAMER GROVE FIRE pROV; PREPAREDNESS TEERS AID TORNv . . MIDWEST "fl OCD READY , GENCY RADIO SAVE' AID GIVEN IN riot . CIES . MARKET. . IT;"! sel-c-o- '!-- e CAPITAL CIIAUF a few Italian soldiers In c.iy u; dressed, hid their umf rms, Pit on overalls and went home to A oik to avoid becoming i he .1- - M d r c ms ? .k Wile a t c e; ,i vvus 27 r, t ir- T1 i nics-- u Mi, ,i'ffiu i v ime ti.ru- s tl .it sur C. o p he - f v i:s erica ,i- - - ltd t si, I. ir ; M -T- j prisoners, sec- - rt to.. ; ,i is bo.; g f.Afiffi fl'rthngM i. war Lou.s Johnson got a . from Im a his report was so rr:"h that state de- .'1 c'fra's scarcely believed P"1 aftcr Ambassador p ,,V "! grit 1'ack from his India '1, 'i'I','crit,iry Sumner typv'V, . re a.l t' ' rr ' r. Quite , s Jc.hr, son tint was m complete agreement. h as s cubic WAR AGAl! . from iere Cape Cod. Early morning last year, prc the tip of Cape Cod, f; it would soon receive of survivors to : men. Thu A h ,btt as js he t ; set .stand J ant ot ie parti' whe ' hr ho soots Provincetow recognition u S. ft 31 . and The-fo- r U. ui jot mandeered, auxiliary : off the streets from point to the hotel, and ; shifts the wardens an fense workers trar.spr vivors to safety. by emergency irn and were clothed and F Defense and Red Cross For an outstanding j. national from the Defense. f-- oi During the day, q the crash of surf, the : a dark commitment half-drowne- d re by ship disaster, th' :! . number sf ,1 : nay .nth Office fn eked ; pre Boston. The work genejr Civilian at Bostons was hailed as "an cal history. Voluntee-thscene to administer assist In removing ;:h c! s this e been i; The c ;Co the starte hospitals, where 202 ca given blood plasma blood bank. A master set up by local Civilian clals to operate dur: use s ergi 5 25P of of th Germans. missions are the greatest heroes of the war. They have to face more fighting fury, and face it with more skill, than any other men in this war whether fighting on land, sea or in the air. ( -- of The fust fight a year ago was made without the loss of a single The Germans were U. S plane caught off guard by the daylight raid Bat such things don't happen U. S. any nime. It is no secret that conti-r.er losses on each raid over the t are high enough to hurt badly, though not h gh enough to stop the op rations War correspondents in Britain declare that U S airmen who fly these no-t.o- ii n. 1 he j"1-- n.'ioi', I' by the War ns a cortrihi.-anrnnnpuwi WIIA's i i C army as the healthiest arm' the world, 7.500 add tional phvs cians and surgeon.-- , will be needei during the coming th ee months and an additional 2 500 by Januar. 1. ( tl e Ar j,. , r by Baukhage A heavy bomber, cruising at miles an hour, burns 34 gallons gasoline every minute U in The War Relocation Auh rity has found employment for 16 onu, ami is seeking to pi ice 25 000 n me bv the first of the yiar M le then (nothin! of them- An ican-- ipui.eso are farmers or h.ie done son e ' can obta.n a is checked I side camp hi restrictions. justice, ' ime Japanese dm t ts. nurses, ; , d C m . clerks, n ake-swu carpenU is, n asons, ci il f irn m-a' i in m mv other trades. e wh wmln red ues from F eh YR a r rthlv n.h,ry fiom $12 to S"ice the S!) rh per dir.g rn hS J1 b. WRA sa'T at ea h can p is very small, a huge amount of ! e t, tha-Sa- WRA pr.ii y Can no n (., He c; labor " WRA no less e work u Both an At nity. t st J ng ieh;r functioned as a c: alties. In service to the! and the public, the de! showed that the work tl trained to do for war n civil e: for a large-scal- e raids, IT. toil first :t 10 aJa c ijod Akron. Leaving a pi ge and injury In its f nado struck northeasts: night of April 27 eg ot Has .siier With:-1,50- era! auxiliary policem men were entering tee tags to rescue victims police rerouted traffic lost property and previ of the stricken areas. tag. Civilian Defense staffed the property re help those needing repa homes. Emergency sc. iliary firemen helped n rary repairs on house! windows and repalrirg openings. In ell, !( fense workers saw Clev dtaa and Akron through then .SOllIlf T but ::ened ,ed ..idle er or 1'thii ter : the rsp lest ire I ft to g( Cue o evacuates levees, and helped sk f :5res Civilian!1 flood victims. rearr Iliary pumpers, mount were sent in to give districts the rpgular ment could rot read guarded against the company flood Many op plants were kept In i;sr. 1 Riots are harmful threat arte etty Jap it y He i he to the tic In the Detroit riots, with at the red H--t 1 through rescuing victim! them buy food. Volum aides gave emerged crowded hospitals. 472 units of blood plasir plied for riot victims. In the recent a ' Harlem, New York, res 1.500 of vilian patrol ly Negroes, augmente restore wardens, helped titke itfta ' have : ! c :e ;eqi K Anderson, Ind. Id west floods, the War dio Service got its baP'" WERS is a local systeir radio communicationassembled fn m volur'1 Civilian Defense jun-'-1- Anderson, hld- - er the X one-oa- f saved a crucal Ie' ble radios were ri31--we on the levee and sa ploy trucks, men, rc the ment against Other sets o erated he center and ct.-- sc hter blue emergency arrrtM At c st JO offices rushed th of additional workers, and other defense feU harmed 1 .era unteer Detroit. the e S families ju tirsiii Ohio. Air raid cor" from northwectern Oh.: Oklahoma alerted 25.00f fense volunteers for the Wabash and its tnh. flowed their banks last flood crests swept sou- -' the afii ; -- . |