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Show THE PAYSOX CHRONICLE. PAYSOX. UTAH A mericans Have Been Called Two "President-for-a-Dayn Adv', awersj, e ga;;- -i ? Right to That Honor Western Newspaper Union. oSA TINETY years ago this ardenl H10111 the United " ut. for jp 0 maksu er States had a President one day that is, it had if believe the inscription on statue which stands in laentattsburg, Mo. His name soilj David Rice Atchison and ver v be statue was erected in 1928 or wt'cause many Missourians ji that he was entitled (vices, lieved 5 of foU distinction of the cHror ves k garpugh being naton even that claim to fame is up on a technicality. ;re is how it came about: Bentlejsed n President James term of office expired Polks ,talV s an(b March 3, 1849, and, according 8 rocks, CUstom, his successor, Gen. se atchary Taylor should have been tones, But ugurated on March 4. 4rch 4 came on a Sunday and :ause of this fact Taylor did the oath of office until March 5. ording to the familiar story, sed upon a contemporary tement in the Congressional Plarpechnically, be, on March 3 George M. Has, vice president under pc, announced in the senate, kr which he was presiding, he close of my official term . ng near at hand, I conform , - tasy Dlan established and convenient Dfflrctice by withdrawing from deliberations of this body. ip3nyiDjsreupon Senator Thomas Hart aton of Missouri moved that 1 Doubtful at Philadelphia on July 4, 1876. Grants term of office expired at midnight on March 3, 1877. Normally, his successor, Rutherford B. Hayes, would have been inaugurated at noon on March 4. But again March 4 fell on a Sunday so Hayes did not take the oath of office until Monday noon, March 5. So by the same process of reasoning which gave Atchison the distinction of being President for a day, Ferry, who was acting vice president was also a President. At least one dictionary of American biography makes the assertion that Ferry was President of the United States for the time interbetween the end of vening Grants term and Hayes inauguration. So if you are one of those who believe that David R. Atchison DAVID R. ATCHISON of Missouri was President for a the stroke of that hour Zachary day you should accord the same Taylor became President even honor to Thomas White Ferry of though he did not take the oath Michigan of office until two days later. Again it may be said that the Atchisons friends claimed for man thus honored needs no such him not only the honor of having dubious distinction to make him been President for a day but also memorable. For Ferry, like Atthat he was the only President chison, had a distinguished cawho had never been elected to reer. He was born in Mackinac, viceeither that office or the Mich., June 1, 1826, the son of a presidency; the only President Presbyterian minister who had from a state west of the Missis- established a mission to the In- sippi river and the only President who never signed his name as The claim in regard to such. the vice presidency is somewhat more valid than that of President for a day. It was based upon these facts: When Franklin Pierce became President in 1853 Atchison was still a member of the senate. vo 1 William R. King, who was elected vice president with Pierce, died in Cuba before he could be sworn into office and act as presiding officer of the senate. Atchison was chosen president pro tempore, which made him presiding officer of that body and as such was acting vice president. As for the statement that he was the only President from a state west of the Mississippi that, of course, was no longer valid when Herbert Hoover was sas palm art and rn aks 2 B --drink Is one-da- y (ted among the Chief Exec- - 5, But Their " ELMO SCOTT WATSON t10rn Even though authorities on constitutional history will not allow a; ir. Repet elected fort As a matter of fact, Atchison a career distinguished enough to guarantee his being remembered, even without the claim that he had been PresiBorn at Frog-towdent for a day. Fayette county, Kentucky, on August 11, 1807, he was named for David Rice, a pioneer Pres- and g colds. ee your i RUTHERFORD B. HAYES dians on the island of The father later moved to Grand Haven, Mich., where he acquired extensive holdings of timberland and engaged in the lumber business. Young Ferry grew up under frontier conditions in that region with little opportunity for securing an education. For a time he was a clerk in a store in Elgin, 111., then returned to Grand Haven to work for his father and brothers in the lumber business. Showing an aptitude for politics, he was elected a member of the board of supervisors and county clerk of Ottawa county on the Whig ticket when he was only 21 years old. Two years later he was sent to the state legislature as a Republican and in 1856 to the state senate. Four years later he was favorite son for Michigans the nomination as vice president and running mate with Abraham Lincoln but he lost out to Hanni-va- l Hamlin of Maine. When his term in the state senate ended he returned to the lumber business, although for eight years he was a member of the Republican state central committee. A Lincoln Escort In 1863 Ferry was appointed to represent his state on the board of managers of the National Soldiers cemetery at Gettysburg and the following year he was elected to congress. He served as a member of the congressional committee which accompanied the body of the martyred Lincoln to Springfield, 111., for burial and in 1866 he was a delegate to the loyalist convention in Philadelphia where he further increased his reputation by his able speeches. Elected to congress three times as a representative, he was later advanced to the senate where he served two terms. During Ferrys service in the senate he was chosen president pro tempore and after the death of Vice President Wilson was acting vice president which, as previously stated, led to the claim that ne was President far a day between the administrations of Grant and Hayes. He was a candidate for to the senate in 1882 but his efforts to win a third term resulted not only in his defeat but also in disaster to his lumber business Michilli-mackina- byterian minister in that state, Senator David R. because his father, a man of strict religious convictions, hoped appointed president the boy would become a clergyIhe senate pro tern, man. However, young Atchison tle terms of President chose to become a lawyer and v bacl'lnc lias large k and Vice President Dallas studied for that profession. rong muired on March 3 and the term A Famous Senator. toms. Ppresident-elec- t Taylor did not Admitted to the bar in 1830, he ectivet:-iuntil March 5, when he was te sureyruguratecji bas been contend-tha- t began practicing in Liberty counAtchison was legally ty, Missouri, and at the age of 27 he was elected to the state Ssident for that one day, When he was 33 he even 4, 1849, though legislature. was appointed judge of Platte as not sworn in. This claim based upon the presidential county and within the same year was appointed United States 'nvjbcession act, passed in 1792, he from 1841 v"yoh provided that in case of senator. heForwas14 years, one of the death, removal, resignation to 1855, members of the upper ,rthy inability of both the President- house of congress. Upon his rethe Vlce presiprudent, ling dee senate should act as tirement from public life he 3lautus. and to his voted time agriculture sident until the disability be loved or a President shall be died in Clinton county, Missouri, January 26, 1886. :ted. Despite the fact that the Presn early edition of the ident far a day distinction has , Direc-Congressional and a backed up this been given to Atchison by saying about his elec-a- s president of the senate tem This office made him Sident of the United States Sunday. March 4, 1849, as ian "and ieral Taylor was not sworn 25 m ffice until the following c? vsil and the official Missouri it is: n fattrBftual for 1928 declared that he fKctabieT technically President of the pmoval oited States until after the f ttaspp . inauguration of President ever? flor March 5. iIN(L Not Legally President. Ua,.K.towevcr- a Mtcr edition of the took the distinction bfiie tectory iTOm him by eliminating :rT.S.y r t bTie reference to his having been It says president for a day. md uja't he was president tempore of the senate March llsti3 and jef 1849, but this ZACHARY TAYLOR falling on :11 you li er Aspm colleague, to rdierhison, be Sun-Marc- h best-know- n Bio-jphic- al 1774-191- 1 for-ii- - V he did not qualify until Mon-'- , March 5, 1849, and was before not legally president tempore on Sunday, March CA Therefore he was not legally of the United States, relrter. 4ost historians support that of the matter. They base ir opinion upon the provision P Jie Ponstitution winch requires the Presidents oath of office 10c .11 be taken befoie he enter n the execution of his office r p. not befoie he shall become f I Evident." John Marshall, fa-us chief justice of the court, once declared that term of the actual t will expire and that of the ,0uesident-cliH- 't commence at 12 rlI?TP the night of the third of Therefore J.:mes K. Ihecosttrch. until s and tllk was Piesident J,isident miw it " lfne ,t w hate1 per ha'' Presi-ti)i0p'1- t, March 3, 1819, ard on fact remains that he was an American President for just one day, July 9, 1781 let it be but, added immehe diately, was "President of tire United States in Congress Assembled or President of the Continental Congress Under the Articles of Confederation. And that is very different from President of the United States of America. The Articles of Confederation were adopted by the Continental November 15, 1777. They did little more than put into definite written form the principles on which the new nation, brought into being by the Declaration of Independence, had theretofore been conducted. But, at least, they were a start toward a framework of government. Two days later these articles were sent to the various states with a plea for their speedy adoption. Some of the states assented to this readily enough, some ratified the articles with certain reservations, while others, led by Maryland, held back until their views in regard to disposing of western lands should be agreed to. Finally on March 1, 1781, the Maryland delegates to congress, John Hanson and Daniel Carroll, placed their signatures on the document. At this time Samuel Hunting-to- n of Connecticut was President of the Continental congress, having been chosen to that office on September 28, 1779. There was no new election of a President when the articles were finally ratified on March 1 and on July 6 President Huntington gave notice to his colleagues that the state of his health would no longer permit him to serve in that congress on ADVENTURERS CLUB AGENTS HEADLINES FROM THE LIVES OF PEOPLE LIKE YOURSELFI MAKE MONEY Selling our auditing tarvlct to aQ BUSINESS CONCERNS Exparianca not nocoisary . . . Largo field. NATIONAL fRElOHT BUREAU, ROCHESTER, 4S YEARS) (ES1ABUSHED Buried Alive Hello everybody! sure laid an icy hand on the shoulder of one of the best written yarns who me sent Joseph Kuritz, Ive had to date. Joes at Brooklyn now and at last writing could have used a job. lie gave up his youthful ambition to be a mining engineer as a result of events related in todays story, and switched to mechanical engineering. But, if you ask me, the magazines are looking for people who can write monument erected to him mainly because of it, he was not the only man for whom that claim could be made. In some respects it could more justifiably be applied to Thomas White Ferry, a United States senator from Michigan, when a situation similar to that of 1849 arose in 1877. When Vice President Henry Wilson died in November, 1875, Ferry was chosen president pro tempore of the senate and as such was acting vice president. He presided over the Hayos-Til-deelectoral contest, at the im- which finally was placed c. in the trustee. After this double disappointpeachment trial of W. W. Bel- ment, Feiry went abroad and and at spent trree years in travel. He knap, secretary of war, 16 joint meetings of the two resumed bis business operations houses of corgi ess. In the ab- upnn his return but failed to resence of President Grant, lie fur- cover bis former prosperity. He ther discharged the duties cf Irs never married and lived with an urtil L's death in Grand temporary office bv formally aunt 18 opemng the Certennial exposit.on Haven on October 14, hands j of n Declined the Honor. So on July 6 congress chose as his successor Samuel Johnston of North Carolina. Evidently Johnston didnt care far the honor, for on the following day he offered his resignation, offering such reasons as were satisfactory, according to the contemporary record, and his resignation was accepted. Thus he became the President far a day of the Continental congress and, in accordance with the manner in which such officers signed doc- uments (although there is no record that he signed one) was President of the United Stales in Congress Assembled. On July 10, the day Johnston resigned, Thomas McKean of Delaware was chosen President of con- and gress until served John Hanson was elected as his successor on November 5, 1781. Han- son was elected far a definite term of one year and from served November 5, 1781, to No- the first Constitution of the United States, did not come into effect until his election, the claim has been made that John Hanson, rather than George Washington, should be regarded as the first President of the United States. This theory was pretty effectively demolished during the Washington bicentennial celebration in 1932 when the Carnegie Institution of Washington issued an article by Dr. Edmund C. Burnett of the institution's division of historical research which bore the title of Who Was the First President of the United States? After considering all the evidence in regard to Hansons right to be considered the first President, Doctor Burnett says: "The evidence is conclusive that no president of the Continental congress, by whatever name it may be designated, whether the congress, as it fust called itself, or the United States as it in congress assembled, came later to be calkd, was ever President of the United States And this is true for this best of reasons, among others because no such office as President of the United States existed until it was created by the federal constitution, fiamed in 1787 ail'd adopted : m 1788. "There is tl crefore only ion tl lit ca reached, and that is, tint l.ooige Wagin glon was the firrt Pilsi-don- t of the United toes, - ILVWi''- V 'i - Prove Useless as Support. The Cayuga had been deserted for 50 years. Inside Joe and three companions found pillars cracked and crumbled by the weight of millions of tons of rock they had held up for five decades. As supports they were useless and might just as well have been mined out Old timber erected by miners to protect themselves in those far, bygone years milwere rotted, useless. A touch and they collapsed to dewed dust Not much between Joe and the millions of tons of rock over his head. Worse, the workings were of the pitch type each chamber like a long, sloping tunnel, some very steep. The roof was dangerously cracked. Slabs of shale hung so loose a breath would send them crashing to the floor. Fallen rock covered the steeply-slantin- g table. This floor in sixes from a fist to dining-roogob can start an avalanche on the slanting tunnel floor. Joes duties lovely Job! were to climb over this loose rock, covered with slime. If he made it, it was safe for the others to come up. If he didnt and started a fatal avalanche Joe forgot to tell about that fungi-infeste- m Joes Lamp Ignites a Pocket of Whitcdamp. Well, sir, Joe climbed gingerly upward, clinging to the glistening coal pillar at the side, peering ahead by the faint light of the lamp fastened He stepped, light as a falling feather, testing every above his cap-vizo- r. Pattern 6285 Angora is all the rage and you, too, can be right in style with the help of your knitting needles. If its glamor you are after, make the bolero, so lovely for evening wear at any season; use white, black or a pastel shade. The blouse, with its smart ribbed effect, is just the thing for wear under a suit. Pattern 6285 contains directions for making blouse and bolero in sizes 12 to 14 and 16 to 18; illustrations of it and of stitches; materials needed. To obtain this pattern send 15 cents in coins to The Sewing Circle, Household Arts Dept., 259 West 14th Street, New York, N. Y. Please write your name, address and pattern number plainly. aafety Talks ) Can It Be the Climate? something about T HERE'S ern climate But Rocky west- ! Mountain and Pacific Coast chamof commerce will file an inbers Joe clung to the pillar on his stomach. dignant disclaimer that the climate had anything to do with this: footfall. At the top our human fly, as Joe calls himself, was to esThe National Safety council's reto at. shoot a instnument a the for transit surveyor's tablish point port on 1937 shows a solid block of Joe never made It. Twenty feet from the lop Boom! An 11 western states, excepting Utah, explosion like a giant bassdrum shook the earth In a bolt of livid had of a higher accident death rates had GAS! whitedamp! Joes light flame. Ignited pocket Splinter! Crack! Crash! The shock jerked rock toppling from the for the year than any other group floor! The of states in the country. Washingroof, dropped it on the loose "gob on the ton, Oregon, California, Idaho, slide was on! At first, with thumps scarcely audible above the rolling rumble of the Nevada, Arizona, Montana, Wyowaves of flame over his head, then, in a roaring crescendo, jagged rock ming, Colorado and New Mexico raced, leaping and thundering downward past Joe, hurtling into the hell in each of these states an average of more than 100 persons, per of darkness far below. of population, suffered acciBut him above Joes lamp had gone out with the explosion. dent deaths in 1937. Utah barely fire, was blinding glare a marching surf of escaped the 100 or more group lighting up the chamber overhead. Blistering white heat above with an average of 99.4. on to the pillar thundering flood of angry rock below! Joe clung Florida (chambers of commerce his stomach, ducking hurtling rocks, shrinking from the blazing note) and Delaware were please toes that and vainly sought heat above. With clawing lingers the only other states with an averfoothold in the hard floor, he lay there it seemed ages aching age of 100 or more accident deaths The slide diminished. The "carbonic oxide muscles 100,000 of population last Its per to out with seek second above burned fitfully, threatening any year. Floridas average was 105.6, rainbow flames another pocket, spreading In chain explosions and Delawares 105.7. Nevadas through the underground terrain, burying Joe and his companions. average of 137.6 deaths was the lie Began to Figure Ilis Chance for Escape. highest reported by any state. Rhode Islands average of 55.9 Joe thought of the others. Had they been crushed to a in a pillar? deaths waS the lowest. under those tons of rock trapped in some doghole or cross-cu- t steeply-slantin- g 100,-0- Jelly-smea- vember 4, 1782. Because of this fact and because it is said that the Articles of Confederation, In Blouse or Bolero easily. Pillar robbing means stealing coal from these remaining supin which workers ports, and is illegal, since it may cause cave-in- s are killed, gas and water mains burst, even explode, and brick buildings standing on the land collapse. Its earthquake, fire and flood. Old Timbers N. T. Angora Fills Needs like Joe. Accordingly, Im following his script pretty close. In April, 1920, Joe was a surveyor with the Glen Alden Coal Co., Scranton, Pa. It was his first job, and he was assigned to investigating pillar robbing in the Cayuga mines. Ill explain. Miners must leave enough coal to support the roof of the mine, which consists of shale, a scaly rock, that caves in office. in 1928. had AY pit amazing David Rice Atchison and Thomas White Ferry the distinction of being "Presidents for a day," they probably will admit that there was another man who has a right to that title IF the claim is made with certain reservations. His name was Samuel Johnston and he came from North Carolina. Never heard of him! you exclaim. Probably not, but the r The rolling flames died, went out. In the inky black Joe groped for a match, lit his lamp. The floor was clear. He stepped out Instantly he tobogganed down on a slab of rock he had overlooked. Four hundred feet below he brought up short on the heap of loose rock. It had blocked the entrance completely. Joe was caught like a rat. He sat on a rock, wondered that he was not frightened, began to figure his chances of seeing sunlight again. It seemed suddenly very precious, sun and open air. Air! The rock had sucked much out, the explosion had driven more out and the fire had burned he didnt know how much of the oxygen in that black pit. Would the rest last till they got to him? Then, Joe says, panic did grip him. He shouted himself hoarse. He smashed a rock repeatedly against a pillar, listened. Not a sound. Just silence. Terrible silence Joe saw slow death ahead suffocation, thirst, starvation. Unwounded, he wished for death swift death, rather than this drawn-ou- t agony. Now he could only wait helplessly. Joe says he prefers to forget the next nine hours. Imagination can be the most horrible form of torture. But his companions had escaped. With all hope gone for Joe, they had notified the surface. A relay of rescue crews, working as only mine rescue crews can, dug through the pillar from an adjoining chamber and pulled Joe out nine hours later. From that day on the only coal Joe can stand looking at Is In a stove. He quit the mining engineer career cold. But I still say he can write like a professional? What do you think? life-givi- Copyright. WNU Service. NERVOUS? Do you fe! no nervous you want to scream? Are you cruas and irritable? Do you acotd tboae dearest to you? If your nerves are on ed? and you feel TOU need a Rood general ayalem tonic, trv Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, made especially far women. For over 60 years one woman has told another how to go smiling thru with rtUahle Pinlthams Compound. It helps nature build up more physical resistance and thus helps calm quivering nerves and lessen discomforts from annoying symptoms which often ao Company female functional disorders. YOtT? Why not give it a chance to help Over one million women have written in reporting wonderful benefits from 1inkham's Compound. Dangerous Friend Nothing is so dangerous as an Ignorant friend. La Fontaine. CONSTIPATED? Hero Condition Family Ties Mean Nothing to Reptiles; Offspring Wriggle Through Life Alone I Amazing Relief for Due to Sluggish Bowel f Cold-Bloode- d A snake is In every sense of the word. Family ties mean nothing. If the young hatch from eggs, they are left to come out all by themselves. If they are born in a litter of from 5 to 50 infinitesimal ribbons, they mut wriggle through the school of experience alone. Most of the snake gentry hereabouts are very handsomely patterned. The ringnerked snake, for example, is a shiny bluish black with bright yellow underparts and a brilliant orange ring around his neck The pilot black snake has a black velvet skin. The ribbon snake would make a pretty fancy ribbon, with 00 his slender dark body and three long yellow stripes. The green snake Is as green as grass end the queen snake, which is found only in water, has nice chocolate brown stripes. The storers or red bellied burrowing snake is very small and gray with bright red decorations. Fach one has a personality of his own. Some are very mysterious and secretive, preferring to lead private fives under stones, bark or Others move freely in the logs. Some are happiest open fields. around water or living in marshes and swamps. Tree climbers like the pilot black snake haunt the heavy woods. you think at 1! J Lit alive try tbls la qetbte luttlv. n o il.j tioriiKU, fnvtain iovi(ur.uirK. IxpeutKtle relief from t( k headache, bilious spell. 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