Show IS e f I" rj tt Soldiers Trained as Weather Observers o --T- Assist Army in Mapping Plans Information Important to Bombers wmom SWlllD m&i rtf i 1 1 if yt V s i f The strategic and tactical importance of weather predictions both short and long range in waging the present war cannot This is parbe overestimated ticularly true in regions of the world where rapidly changing weather situations are characteristic throughout the year Over the Atlantic ocean and in Europe changing weather is prevalent in latitudes from the foot of Italy northward In eastern Asia significant and frequent weather changes occur throughout the year in latitudes while from Burma northward over the North Pacific ocean this is true from a line running from Tokyo and Los Angeles Both Berlin and northward Tokyo lie within the areas where the weather element is of importance the year around Therefore qny successful strategy aiming a blow at the heart of our enemies must include the weather factor j 0 ( CL The two men are about to release This little Ina strument when carried aloft by the balloon will transmit radio readings of pressure temperature and humidity to a station below also a parachute attached the Instrument back There la to bring To this end courses have been esfor to train personnel tablished weather work in all parts of the world Among these courses are those designed to train enlisted men enlisted men as weather observers as forecasters to assist the weather officers a weather reconnaissance and an squadron training course aviation meteorological cadet course In using the weather factor to determine the effectiveness of the of team or the land sea and air forces the army air forces have evolved a few simple rules which have In part been verified from a study of the strategy and tactics employed by the enemy Clear Dry Weather Permits Team Attack by 1 In clear dry weather the team can launch an attack Vi n Under these condimost effectively tions the attackers must have air These conditions persuperiority mit the use of all types of air support minimize the problems of observation and recognition of friendly and enemy aircraft and troops and insure the maximum mobility of ground forces 2 Dry weather with low clouds and good visibility permits limited The types of operations attack by supporting aircraft are restricted This kind fit weather is fairly favorable to the operation of aircraft carriers even In areas conaircraft since trolled by the field of vision of the patrolling aircraft is greatly restricted 3 Dry weather with extremely low clouds and conditions producing rather poor visibility can be used effectively for the Consolidation of scattered ground units or the movement of ground forces into a posiThese conditions tion for attack even with rain are favorable for the movement of an aircraft carrier into a position for attack when the weathIn both cases the ater improves tacking forces are relatively free from observation or attack This war has shown that a detailed knowledge of existing weather conditions over the theater of operations over enemy territory and frequently over the friendly zone of the interior may be of great value to officers directing or planning campaigns or movements of personnel motor vehicles aircraft or supplies Usually the future weather is of more value than present weather in planning but for certain types of operations the current weather inforInformamation may be valuable tion such as this is needed to correct for weather effects on range and deflection of projectiles drift of airplanes and on the speed and direction of sound travel It is of use In handling captive balloons and in of airplanes landing and take-of- The weather forecaster must always keep in mind a chronological history of the weather passing his station This soldier Is looking over the weather maps to obtain a picture of what has taken place In the previous 21 hours Here the men are obtaining temperature and humidity readings The man on the left is whirling a sling psychrometer In order to determine the relative humidity and dew point rioua handicap on Itself The personnel equipment and supplies of a field army are usually not well protected against Inclement weather A a thunderstorm a heavy squall rain or a strong wind seldom passes over a temporary army camp or without doing bivouac damage Freezing weather coming on suddenly generally causes damage to equipment and supplies and discomfort to personnel The influence of weather may frequently be present In military maneuvers seeking to gain surprise in Reports Advise Army of In air operations their execution Sudden Changes in Weather restricted visibility and adverse The primary purpose of the army weather conditions serve to provide air forces weather service is to pro- cover for attacking aircraft during vide reasonable accurate forecasts the aproach to the target and aid An effective cloud of future weather A knowledge of suprise assaults present weather conditions is for layer at an altitude suited to the most types of operations of little type of attack which is planned provalue U sudden marked changes are vides an ideal cover for approaching aircraft pending and forecasts of the changes are not available Weather aflects the planning and ' All branches of the army need execution of all aircraft missions weather forecasts An army that Lack of weather Information may conducts operations without keeping pause frequent failures of missions and many losses of planes and perits staff advised of prospective In general weather changes is imposing a se-- sonnel every time a' Marines Bring Troubles to Chaplains "Don't tell your trouble to me See the Chaplain" boy These 10 words contain the most frequently voiced aentiment In the marine corps Let one of them complain about his chow or the unexof liberty and pected deprivation he will receive this response from lis frlendi In the corps f Irltusd problems confronting on foreign soil in moM marine nhor the Srmhir Suit Washington D C ENDING ABSENTEEISM of War PatterUndersecretary son’s labor advisers have a program for ending absenteeism in war plants Here Is the one point: i hazard Communities should adjust themAll army air forces weather foreselves to the hours of the factories casting stations furnish medium and Stores banks doctors lawyers plus Short range other services should be available short range forecasts forecasts are the most accurate type not for one shift of workers of forecasts made Therefore they but merely for all shifts should be given to every flight comAt present workers on the swing find mander just prior to his take-of- f shift beginning at midnight These forecasts should give the themselves out of with the life weather conditions to be encoun- of the community gear The greatest abtered including state of the weather senteeism is among workers on the that U whether the sky is overcast odd shifts and can be attributed not or clear or with broken or scattered to indifference to winning the war clouds the type andi intensity of prebut to the Inconvenience of trying the height of the ceiling cipitation to live and buy food and get Johnny the visibility the wind speed and to the doctor whilel the swing shift direction both at the surface and turns night into day aloft any hazards to flight auch as is higher among Absenteeism fog icing areas fronts etc and any women than men which may mean such as torna special phenomena nothing more than trouble with the does Medium range forecasts are ration board A woman will take used for planning flight operations a day off from the factory because Also short and medium range fore she has to register for canned foods casts are necessary in the case of or because a child is sick in the a very long flight requiring 8 to 10 family or because she hasn’t had hours or more for completion For time to buy a new dress at the store long flights if the weather is at all Remedy for this is nothing less uncertain or changeable the flight than two or three shifts on the part commander should endeavor to ob- of the services that serve the worktain if possible one or more addi ers The ration board it is suggesttional short range forecasts by raed should come to the factory dio especially for the period of landIn many cases war department ing and for the terminal of the advisers say absenteeism is caused In flight not 'by loafing but by overwork Pilots must know the ceiling areas such as certain machine-too- l amount of cloudiness and types of New England men have been workclouds to be encountered on a flight ing 50 and 56 hours a week for for the entire route in order to plan years They are simply exhausted and execute the flight properly If this factor is the Incidentally a cloud ceiling exists the pilot must principal cause of absenteeism in either fly underneath it fly on Instru Germany where workers are worn ments in the clouds or climb through down by unremitting labor and long and fly on top of ths clouds Fly hours Note: There is little sympathy in lng at low altitude Is usually haz ardous and particularly so at night Undersecretary Patterson’s office for or In hilly or mountainous country the Rlckenbacker crusade against Low ceiling or labor with low visibility It is regarded as useless and instrument weather at the point of unsound to try to appeal to workers takeoff should ordinarily be no hin over their leaders drance to individual planes provid ed the weather at the final destinaNO RUSSIAN HURRAIIS tion is suitable for safe descent American observers in Russia reHowever instrument weather offers port that the public is not throwing a very definite handicap to a for its red cap in the air over current The types of military successes matlon of planes The reaction is clouds also should be considered if not much different in fact from the instrument flight is to be made reaction to losses as they will indicate the smoothness “The mood of the Russian peoor roughness of the air Instrument "hasn't ple” says one report flight in clouds where thunderstorms much since last summer changed inor icing may be encountered when they were being driven back volves a hazard to the aircraft that to the Volga Nor has it changed must be balanced against the mili- much from the years of peace’’ tary importance of continuing the It is explained that Russians have mission Thus the pilot is much to tumult and accustomed become and concerned with the ceiling For 25 years they personal danger clouds to be found on every flight have lived in an atmosphere of revoWar lution purges and starvation Clear Weather Is Needed has brought no sudden shock to them For Reconnaissance Aviation as to us Even in the face of the terrific The primary mission of observalosses Russia has suffered in this tion and reconnaissance aviation bewar the losses forced upon Russia ing to observe and report their her own government ten years operations are facilitated by high by remain almost unsurpassed ago excellent over and ceilings visibility When the Soviet government was the area where they operate Reconimposing on the people the unwelnaissance aviation must operate come system of collective farming great distances over enemy terri- farmers were denied seed for planttory where weather conditions may or may noj be known Whether or ing and a vast number of people estimated between two and five milnot this weather is known will delion starved to death pend in a large measure upon the Russians The are stolid taking deaviation itself since reconnaissance one of its missions will be to make feat or victory in their stride weather reports from points over enemy territory Bombardment avi- SPANISH DAGGER AT C S BACK ation will also make a certain numHere is the lowdown on the visit ber of weather reports and if these of Franco’s special representative are sufficient in number and cover Foreign Minister Beigbe-de- r to this country enough territory it may be possible to make fairly accurate forecasts Franco’s regular representative of weather for the following day Ambassador Juan Cardenas has The capabilities of reconnaissance een sending him what he wanted to aviation in the executions of its tasks tear rather than the truth about are definitely limited by weather the way the American people have particularly in the matter of visibiliput their hearts into the war Cardenas has emphasized the clash of Their effect must ty and wind therefore always be considered in personalities and Inefficiency of war iroduction which get into the s planning missions to determine radius of operation and number of airbut is not the general rule craft required When U S officials learned of his they conceived the idea of Bombardment aviation has probawringing a special Franco envoy to bly the greatest need for weather inthe U S A to get the real picture formation Bombardment units may and frequently will be called upon Actually it was the war department not the state department to perform their own reconnaiswhich hatched the inspiration and which is sance Like reconnaissance units they may operate over great dis- taking him on a tour of war plants tances and return to their home and army posts to drink in the real airdromes with gas tanks nearly spirit of the war effort Note: Many high-u- p officials here A forecast before take-of- f empty of weather to be encountered upon believe Franco is an opportunist who regardless return is essential of pledges will Bombardment aircraft may pass through much bad Jump whichever way he sees the war weather en route to and from their is going in the spring He could if he wished plunge a dagger into but to avoid wasted efobjective fort it is very important that the the back of U S forces in North Africa Beigbeder has a background weather be suitable at the objective for bombing and that this be known of friendship for the United States before take-of- f Objectives should be ' CAMTAL CHAFF chosen when possible based on the weather forecast that is objectives C It is said of Woodrow Wilson that he was a professor surrounded should be chosen for which weather conditions will be most suitable by politicians and that FDR Is a politician surrounded by professors Within the theater of operations there will normally operate an air C It is said of Madame Chiang task force and a ground force The huge reception that it the Baruch party for Mrs air task force may have its units scattered throughout the theater Harry Hopkins There are one or more air bases C Captain Eddie Rlckenbacker is one or more r bases and then making it clear to friends that he the various combat units If weath-e- r has no presidential ambitions dereports are required from points spite the fact that Gerald K Smith is hurrahing for him within an area where no weather Incidentally most people don’t know it but Rlckstations are located special observer stations must be” established at enbacker saw the on the wall as far as isolation is conthese points Such we&thcr obstrv er stations will be established where cerned and resigned from the Amerrecord within both the combat zone ica First committee on January 18 1341 nearly one year before Reari ord the corninunicinrs rone Rif flight mission is conducted the flight commander should have an accurate knowledge of weather conditions to be expected during the flight other wise both personnel and equipment may be subjected to unnecessary denly they are confronted with the reality of war and their gamble with death They Rock to the chaplain to guide them through the spiritual maze In which thy find themselves One Chaplain said that the men on the battle lines are much more religious than might be supposed "They’ve told me they pray very oflen" he siid "especially In the thick of a flibt" Flavoring It Dentist— What kind of filling do you want In your tooth? Junior— Chocolate Man About Town: PTOldwt About the only exercise some people get is numlng up bills and jumping at conclusions immediately The That's Serious Friend (visiting patient)— on Japan g Fred that’s sure a United Nations’ offensive Wendell Willkie is honobbing nurse you have Fred— I hadn't noticed with New Dealers injhe is uiuuse- Friend— Great scot I I had no may not run n ly? and that a runaway idea you were that sick an may nominate Deal candidate THAT’S SUPPORT for Roose nrice of 4th Term support Dead Demos) veil (by the of Henry A Wa will be the jilting on the natl lace as Vice President Dissident Southern ticket Byrnes Jinrimy are boosting Demos The lads and Sen Bankhead have just in the State Dep’t who ones sending been unmasked as the who kept oil to Spain are the same to Japan "Did you have good support on iron sending scrap your tour?” Ameri"Yes we met one Smith (of General C R old landlady who supported us for of becan Airlines) is on the verge Comtwo weeks” of The Ferry man coming head One of the newspapers mand Getting Caught draft status is quietly checking the Teacher— Willie how do you deshots of all known gamblers (big fine ignorance? and small fry) since Washington Willie— It’s when you don’t know as them classed something and someone finds it (something of an understatement) be out and ruled that all the 3As must Don’t be surprised if the lAs Years of Training WAACs are sent home from foreign Dad— Son I never knew what it was Eisenhower’s biggest Gen duty Coal mining peoto kiss girl until I courted your moth"problem” er I wonder if you will be able to toy Lewis will sucple hear that John week by the same to your children ceed in staging a Son—1 think so Dad but not with April 30 such straight face as yours aVell Sy Reporter Tom O’Connor covering a speech by Capt Eddie at the Waldorf last week wrote in PM: "Apparently attracted by the success of such as globaloney Rlckenbacker contributed the word scummunistic to the thesaurus of Luce talk” A guy gets Look mister reporter: a little bored having his called "cheap Broadwayese” in one place and in another place credited to heroes as contributions to the war The last time scumeffort munistic appeared in this colyum was at least two years ago In Washington: Laugh of the Week Northern Senator hired a secreIt is customary to engage tary one from the State that elected the When anyone asked incumbent this doll where she hailed from they were convulsed when she said: "Ah cums fum Mahblehaid Massachusetts suh!" P S: She has another job now honeychile A Harper’s is bringing out a Victory edition of “Sabotage” the at to reach the widest When a pal told possible public the Stork Club owner he intended Sacalling the joynt "Sherman’s loon" the reply was: "Nobody ever called me Mr Billingsley until I opened a saloon” Lieuts Nat Benchley and John McLair are wearing the latest navy campaign ribbon showing service in the South Atlantic area Shades of the Revolution: Top songs with the Lorgnette Set at the St Regis Maisonette Room are the Chetnik Song and the Soviet Cavalry anthem Shoe Clerk— I have just the shoe for yon Madam Size 3 marked down from 7 Hard to Tell Golfer— This is absolutely ble I’ve never played so before Caddy — Oh then you terripoorly have played before mister? Admirals may be admirable but that isn’t where the word comes from It comes from an old Arabia word "amir-al- ” "com- meaning mander of” That’s what the Admiral is the officer in the Navy cigarette with our Navy men is Camel— the favorite too with men in tha Army Marines and Coast Guard according to actual sales records from their service stores Camels are their favorite gift too Local dealers are featuring Camel cartons to send anywhere to any member of our armed forces Today is a good time to send "him” a carton of Camels—Adv MIHleaeef ealTerlng from nmpie ' Plica ki peeple fanad prempl relief all Hara’a wkyt Fieri PAZOelnlmnnL PAZO claimant eeetkee Inflamed are — relieve rain and Itching Secend hardened PAZO alatmaat lubricate dried part— kelp prevent cracking tad nereneea Tklrd PAZO elntmen! teed la radnea availing and ckaek bleed ag Fnarth It’a easy la ua perforated POa Pipe daclar almple thereartb Year aaa tall yea abaat PAZO alatmaat Private Pa peri Of a Cub Reporter: "The British correspondents In the U wires H Hutchinson chairLamentations man of their committee The man who wastes today "regret tothat you should have given publicity lamenting yesterday will waste to the slur implied by morrow lamenting today— your comment in the column I am M Raskin sure you were not aware of the fact that nearly every British correif MONTHLP Te rtSavw Astra spondent now here either came after the war began or has been home since and that all came here with authorization of appropriate military BLOOD! AND HELP BUILD UP RED authorities All gave pledges to reX Plnktaam Lydia turn whenever called I hope you TABLETS (with added Iron) roller will set the record straight for the to thousand helped odlo ptln backache headache benefit of readers and British newshlu cranky weak nervoua men here" ink—due to function! monthly S” FcnialslVealtness (Uaturbcncee Secretary of Interior narold Ickes definition of a Liberal: "The word is hard to define it represents an attitude a state of mind rather than a specific philosophy Liberalism Is an ideal which goes under variou? labels Sometimes liberals call themselves Progressives sometimes Democrats sometimes Republicans sometimes Populists It does not matter The label is nothing— the point of view is everything But however we describe a liberal we generally him by his recognise deeds or words A man's fundamental attitude towards life and the world fixes him per msnenUy in the esteem and opinion of his Bob nope’a LUtiT Lind and her Carol Thomas daughter of film producer Bill Thomas were being driven to school by Mrs Tl‘° 8li11 13 tittering over the little girls repartee father” said Miss Hope i went to the studio” Went 10 "S tudl° too said Carol daRt! £ald H°PC’ pictures!” "but M1m Thomas mj dadJy makes the pictures Your daujy o 'y works lr tUm” itw Taken ratnilrly-nkhhelp buUd up reals tanoa agrinw aymptom auch annoying thetr Iron makae them a Hat tlo ton la to help build up red Plnkham TableU are mad t0 eiallt far toomcn Follow I lata Worth racUona j trying 11—41 WNU —W j 5(36 vfc lj Don’t Neglect Tbewt Nature aaareeim b Tbrir Uk b Atro® Hrisf” Tke r— eenateeHZ matter the kidT ? lb bleed U l- -d Wbea the kidney W the T Nature ta tee paA mate that may 27 Mood Umlf—4 " UUtelr' 7” further e er bladrfr d The rerofnla-- d and fl a rid e nir— n 1 ! 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