Show TIIE GARLAND Tike TIMES GARLAND UTAH CANT of tike ft and $ihnlpe Our Government -- ’aur — How It Operates By William Bntckan stripes The English Blast India company finally crowded the Dutch out of sea trade and this company a nine or brought a new flag to America banner of alternating red and white etrlnes with a small St George’s cross of red In One of he upier corner next to (he staff the variations In this flag was a pine tree or globe representing the New world In the upper left quarter of the union formed by the arms In some flags of this of the St George cross period the pine tree replaced the St George cross entirely With the Revolution the struggling colonists wanted something different from a British flag and the pine tree and rattlesnake emblems apalso the legend “Liberty and Union” on peared a plain fly of red Then came the Stars and in left Philadelphia When Washington Stripes 1775 to take command of the army at Cambridge he was escorted out of the city by the Troop of Light Horse as far as Philadelphia Newark N J The guidon of this troop was of yellow silk and carried In its upper corner next to the stafT a small union of 13 stripes of silver and light1 blue Stars first figured in the union of a flag carried in 1773 on the schooner Lee by Captain a Massachusetts skipper whose ship operated as one of Commodore Hopkins’ squadron and captured the Nancy with supplies for the British army November 19 1775 Thirteen stars on a blue canton formed the union of its flag They parallel rows were arranged In five horizontal In the blue fly of the and were five pointed flag was a white anchor with the word "Hope”" above it This design was carried by Rhode IsTrenton and land troops at Brandywine but the stars were of gilt on a light blue canton Following the early use of the English ensign which carried the St George’s cross in the canton there came Into use in the colonies in the Eight- mcsJ Green was coat and breeches edged with green the color of the early Revolutionary cavalry’s Marlon’s riders wearing the Romanuniform esque helmet of the F'rench dragoons and cuiraswhite siers and a green skirted tunic with similar to that of the French guides cavalry whose uniform the first Napoleon was somewhat partial to wearing It quite frequently The Culpepper Minute Men wore green hunting shirts and the standard of the Georgia Rangers In the latter part of the wnr carried green and white stripes 1 —“The Stars and Stripes Forever!" — Reproduction of the famoui picture painted by Henry Mosler The British evacuating New York after the Yorktown surrender in 1781 nailed the British flag to the flagstaff at the Battery and then A barefoot tailor boy volungreased the pole teered to climb up take down the enemy flag and nail the American flag to the pole From “The Winning of Freedom” In “The Pageant of America” courtesy Yale University Press 2— The pine tree flag of early Revolutionary war day 3 — The rattlesnake flag of the early American navy 4 — The flag one of the earliest forme after the flag resolution of June 14 1777 5—- The 15 star flag the form used after Vermont and Kentucky were admitted to the Union 6 — Flag of the Sixth Regiment of the United States Marine Note: No 2 to 6 Inclusive are flag In the exhibit of the United States Marine Corps In the Federal building at A Century of Progress by Hack Miller Photograph Chicago centh century the red British ensign carrying the union Jack in the canton The British flag was altered after the Revolution had begun by placing 13 stripes In the fly of the flag under the British union Jack It was called the “grand union flag” and was holstedby Lieut John Paul Jones on December 3 1775 in the newly formed American fleet off or 2 177(1 It was On January Philadelphia raised over the newly organized American army at Washington’s headquarters in Cambridge In the correspondence of that day it waB referred colors” It Is Interesting to as the "American colors to note tlint although these American of were used six months before the Declaration they still carried the British union Independence The thirteen united colonies Jack in the corner were depicted by the thirteen stripes of the field No flag was authorized by act of congress unof Indetil nearly a year after the Declaration That the “grand union’’ flag was litpendence tle used In the army is seen from the many flags of other designs carried by the Revolutionary In the navy on account of the necessity troops of telling a friend from a foe by his colors the same flag was generally used by all congress ships In 1775 It was usually the pine tree flag In and until June 14 1777 the grand union 177(1 and after June 14 1777 the Stars and Stripes carried striped and rattlesnake flags Privateers of various designs but it soon became necessary to carry a uniform design and this forced the adoption of a national flag This Is why the for the adoption of the stars and resolution stripes appeared In the minutes of the marine committee meeting of June 14 1777 Because green was such a prominent color !q war flags it would not have early Revolutionary been at all surprising If that color had found Its One of the most way Into the national emblem striking flags of the Revolution was a flag with green fly and a union of 13 links in an endless chain Outside the circle of links was a circle b fists emerging from clouds 13 hands or mailed and grasping the links In the center of the rhain was a pine tree of green on a blue field the was the of This flag Newbury port (Mass) company" (Ireen was also the color of the pine tree and liberty tree flags of Revolutionary days council preIu April 1770 the Massachusetts scribed green and white as the uniform of cers In their sea service and In the same year conthe marine committee of the Continental resolved that the uniform gress In Philadelphia of marine officer be a' green coat white waist- When It came to adopting the Stars and Stripes however the color scheme of green was dropped and various flags of red white and blue that had been familiar to American colonists for Inmore than 100 years exercised the prevailing fluence In the design for the Stnrs and Stripes The resolution adopting the flag appears In the Journal of Congress among a whole page of resoon lutions presented by the marine committee the subject of the navy On the same page with the flag and other marine committee resolutions is one appointing John Taul Jones to the command of the ship Ranger Jones was presented and soon a flag by some women of Philadelphia afterward he had the Stars and Stripes flying at sea Illustrations of Jones’ ships and Contemporary of the new flag when It appeared the description in Europe show that the early navy flags were with the stars In horizontal parallel arranged rows Due to their number the stars were staggered that Is the stars In one row were placed opposite the spaces between the stars in the in next so that they looked like a constellation had described as the resolution the heavens on On one ship they were In fle rows them another In three Ingenuity began to be displayed In the arrangement of stars in unofficial flags In some they were arranged In a square in others in a circle Some had them In the shape of a single star a diamond or forming the letters “U 8” At first the Stars and Stripes were looked upon merely as a navy flag but In 1813 under the third flag law the present general design of the flag was established This held the number of stripes to 13 and added a star for each state The second flag law passed by congress In May 1795 provided 15 stripes for 15 states as well as 15 stars but as the number of states was increasing by 1818 It was found necessary to curtail the amount of stripes Capt Samuel Chester Reid of the navy hero of a between his small brig engagement and a British squadron of three large ships was called by the congressional committee to design a flag and it wna his Idea to hold the number of red and white stripes to 13 for the original 13 states and to add a star to the union for each new state admitted On May 18 1818 the navy commissioners sued an order placing the stars In accordance with the navy custom In parallel horizontal rows and with the stars on the second and fourth rows moved to the right of space The order was signed by Commodore Jjthn of the navy commissioners Rogers president Six months later he issued a change In the arof the stars approved by the Presirangement dent This order required that the stars be arranged In vertical and horizontal parallel rows The act of 1818 gave the fixed rule of adding a new star on the Fourth of July next succeeding the admission of the state but made no statement as to the exact arrangement of the stars and this has been a matter with which the Navy has been chiefly concerned department This Is because the navy flies the Union alone without the stripes In the bow of ships The navy has attended to details as to proportions and design of the flag and still issues to all deof changes after approval blueprints partments In recent years army and navy by the President In 1834 the army prehave agreed on changes scribed the Stars and Stripes to replace Its garrison flag then In use vy Until 1912 there was some confusion as to of the 48 stars in the the proper distribution blue field On October 20 1912 this matter was definitely settled by the executive order of President Taft that the stars were to be arranged in six rows of eight each symbolizing the 48 states iu the order of their ratification (Thus if ym wish to know which star represents your state in the flag remember what was Its number in the order of admission to the Union then legin counting from the upper corner next to the staff and the star which comes on the numto the number In the order of her corresponding admission to the Urnfon will be the star of your state) (S by Wevtern Newipaper Colon ) Commerce THE Interstate Is going to have a tough Job on Its bands during the next few one familiar with the years Every problems of the railroad! is agreed that the next several years constitute and a period of great readjustment the "companies that own the steam horses are no exception So with the railroads clamoring on the one hand for more revenue and reduced operating expenses and the shippers dewith manding lower rates consonant new values of commodities and organized labor seeking a return to normal wages the commission's situation It one not to be envied This question of rates la one' that Is especially worrisome The statutes under which the commission operates requires that the freight and passenThat ger rates be Just and reasonable means of course that both the and the carriers mnst be considered and It takes a good umpire to satisfy the players on both teams The commission has a whole bagful of powers to use in Rs Jurisdiction over railroad rates And as one who is decidedly not a rate expert I would say It needs all of the powers and a handful of tricks besides Its own definition of Its authority Is complicated beyond Einstein's theory “The commission has Jurisdiction" It reads “upon complaint or In a proceeding Instituted upon Its own Initiative nnd after full hearing to determine and prescribe reasonable rates and practices Including regulations minimum and maximum and minimum rates and also minimum and maximum and minimum proportional rates to and from ports and to award It reparations to injured shippers Is authorized to require carriers to establish through routes and joint rates and It may act summarily In Itself establishing routes through when in Its opinion an emergency exists" Many more lines could be auoted to show that the commission has power to do the things It thinks best for all of the Interests served But to get down to cases: a railroad desires to Increase a rate which It for transporting cobplpes charges from EL Louis to Denver The law requires that it must file the new schedule of rates with the commission and if the commission gains an Intimation or has an Idea about what ought to be charged for hauling over that distance It can suspend the schedule filed by the rail road That means It Is Inoperative The purpose is to give the commission a chance to look Into the reasonableness of the proposed charge Congress however did not give permission for an Indefinite suspension of the rates In question It prescribed that the suspension could not be for 150 days which seems longer than quite long enough for any Investigation Jet many Investigations are not completed In that time and the quesAs tioned charge becomes operative a counterbalance the law provides that while the rate may become operative the commission may require Involved to keep a septhe carriers arate account of money received aa Increase a result of the until a de If the commission' clslon Is had then eventually denies the Increase the carriers have to refund the money the Increase that It haa representing collected It was back In 1910 that congress expanded the “commission’s power to give It Jurisdiction over every phase s The of act laid down a set of rules governing through routes and rates switch and hauls short connections long (providing that there shall be no discrimination against the short hauls In favor of the traffic for long distances) genera freight classifications and a host of other matters Then In 1917 and again In 1920 when the act was passed more transportation Between these two power was given laws there was very little left which could call their own the railroads If the commission conFor example siders that conditions warrant it an order may be issued causing one carsome of Its equiprier to transfer ment to another for use Of course the user pays a rental but the commission’s order can hardly be defeated It can tell a carrier when It haa enough equipment such as locomotives or it can say Its supply of rolling stock Is insufficient and It must buy more and it can and does lay down the rules under which It may with sell bonds or other securities which to obtain funds for financing Its requirements In addition to all of these the commission was directed by the transportation act to prepare a plan for of Consolidation as soon as possible all railroad properties In fbe United States Into a “a limited number of systems" At the same time the railroads are authorized to accomplish such consolidations notwithstanding formation of the “trusts" has prepared The commission a plan It proposes to have only major rail systems In the eastern But the carriers of the country not rushed In to sign op They found t lot of things they do like about the program lilt Waatorn Nava He Dr Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets are the original little liver pill pnt np 80 year ego They regulate liver and bowel— Adv PROBLEM OF RAILROAD RATES By ELMO SCOTT WATSON UNE 14 Is Flag day and It recalls the fact that on that date In 1777 the Continental congress “Resolved That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes alternate red and white that the union be thirteen stars white in a blue field' representing a new constellation” Thus It was that the new emblem of the nation came Into official existence thus It was that the Stars and Stripes were born But contrary to the belief of many Americans this does not mean that our national banner sprang Into being from the brain of one man or one group of men on that June day lr6 years ago The truth Is that our flag like so many other American Institutions and symbols developed by a gradual evolution and derived Its Inspiration from sources as varied as the strains of blood which have been fused Into making “the tjplcal American” The real origin of our national flag goes hack to the banner which was flown by the expedition that discovered the North American continent This was the simple banner of St George's cross In red on a white field the old flag of England It was carried by the expedition of Giovanni Cabot or as he Is more familiarly known John Cabot the Italian navigator exploring for England who discovered the North American continent In 1497 Sailing along the east const for 1000 miles he laid the foundation of English claims to North America The flag was borne to- the setlater by Cnpt John Smith’s shlp tlement at Jamestown Vn In 1007 and again by the Mayflower to the Hymouth settle(Mass) ment In 1020 Next In the line of descent comes the King’s Colors or the Union Jack designed In 1000 symbolizing the union of England and Scotland after King James took the throng of the united kingdoms in 1001 This union was represented in the English flag by Imposing the English red cross of St George on the Scottish white diagonal cross of St Andrew on a field of blue There are records of the use of this flag on forts in this country In 1079 and 1090 and this ensign was required In all British dominions by a parliamentary act of 1707 The term “Union Jack” was probably derived from King James signing In the documents French “Jacques” the pronunciation of which Is not unlike "Jack” The "union” came to be applied to that part of our national flag carrying the stars In fact when this part of the flag Is flown alone on bows of ships It is called the “union Jack” or simply “Jack” Three flags that had an early Influence on the design of the Stars and Stripes were the striped The Dutch It will be flags of the Dutch republic remembered first colonized New Netherlands before It became New York This territory Inand cluded New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Settlements in these states were made by Dutch colonists under their flags that of the Dutch West India Co with three stripes of orange white and blue the United States of Netherlands with six stripes of red white and blue and the Rotterdam flag of green and white BE IMPROVED detector" says Sara HUl In the Cincinnati Enquirer “was made out of the rib of a man" And has ever been made no Improvement on the original machine The first such four half hava have not Can Be Overdone Pursue happiness but don’t it until it faints— Exchange BOY! WHAT A chase GETAWAY X Watch how the biq new Dodqe Six"shoot$ ahead traffic In it's always in front and qets qou there quicker It’s fun to drive a car that’a to far ahead of others — in performAnd it’t ance style beauty! more fun to own it—when you know how little more it costs caret than the See it— drive it— and thrill t Sensational PLAN ” Wins Thousands “SHOW-DOWN- Overnight! Imagine a car that sells Itself — and doable its tele almost overnight in city after city That’s what the new Dodge is doing laying Its cards on the table then asking ariyother car nearit price to match it on the open road in traffic and np hills Go to roar nearest Dodge dealer today and ask for the eensational score card Then make yonr own test against any other car T DODGE with Floating Power angina mauntlnga WHEELBASE AND 595 IWg Eight UP Sins to (MS AH prices Detroit fo9 factory Salt Lake City's ‘fewest Hold HOTEL TEMPLE SQUARE 200 Tile Baths 200 Rooms Radio connection RATES Jmtl eppotue ERNEST in every room fUO FROM Sfenam Tetermade C ROSSITER Ugr Lack Real Power Words often shake our convictions but seldom overthrow them STOMACH GAS PAINS st Cheyenne summer I was very weak My nervei bad were every-- ( me! thing irritated and I did not rest well at all I belched and gas continually nad pains in my stomach — the ga seemed to pretr against my heart I had hardly any energy and felt dull end llstleaa all thi lime Ehra- laid Mr E beth Simon d of St “1 decided to Golden Medical try Tr Pierce’ ltucovery I need only about (our bottle In aU and It me my appetite strengthened Improved I tru not nearly so nervoua and alept well at night (a fact I hU better la every wy " V rite m Dr FIWi Glata Buffala It T lor (ran nwdlul advUu hU— W 22—33 ' |