Show Farm air in ini i y MJ K r. r 43 t 6 Jersey Jeney Helf Heifer III Advice Advice to Buyers of Cows By LAURA ROSE I Demonstrator tor and Lecturer In Dairying at t the Ontario Agricultural ural College Col Cot lege Guelph Canada Copyright 1911 by A. A C. C McClurg Co HEN buying a cow it Is not W always possible to find out the actual yield and quality of her milk In such a case we must look for tor outward indications that are likely to bespeak good milking ability Some Bome people lay little stress on form and place all the emphasis on the perform per per- form While we agree with them yet ret at the same time we believe the form of the typical dairy cow to be a result of the performance at the milk mUk pall pail through many past generations One has followed the other as surely as the fruit truIt follows the blo bloSsom som Development of the tho Cow By Dy selection breeding and management management manage manage- management ment the cow with naturally a small paunch diminutive udder and ability j s y s Y 3 h A BABES nAnN WITHOUT LIGHT AND ANT AIR IS 13 A BREEDING PLACE FOR TUBERCULOSIS to give milk for tor only a short time to torIs nourish rIs h her young oln L has been developed r t t tt JJ J j into Inlo an an animal with big girth elior- elior e enor enormous or- or udder and ability to give a good flow of ot milk almost continuously Such Is 18 th the achievement of ot man in the animal animal ani ani- mal kingdom What then must w WI we look for in a profitable dairy cow- cow points common to all breeds Beginning g a at t the nose we like Uke the nostrils to be large to admit plenty of air to the lungs so as to keep the blood pure and the cow healthy The mouth should be large and the lips firm but elastic A large mouth Is said to indicate a large appetite Whether this Is limited to and does not extend to mankind I know not but I do know we seek cows with good keen appetites for tor If It they do their duty the more food tood the more milk From the muzzle up to the eyes should cut and not too heavy The eyes should be large and bright They Indicate the nervous constitution of ot the animal and a cow to be a good should have strong nerves She Knew Her Business Bu ne The forehead the forehead the space between the eyes should eyes should be wide and dished The dished effect results from the full eye i and we want the breadth for tor there is b j where the brains are situated Cows show Intelligence In their faces much the same Hame as S human beings do I have fancied as I 1 looked at a fine cow that she knew what her ber business was and did not neglect t it Mark you when a cow Is keeping her Jaws going she is working working yes yes Just as much and Just Justas as effectively as a set of ot stones in a agrIst agrist agrist grist mill or a n weaver at a loom She Slie too is taking tating raw material and manu mann manufacturing it into a finished product But to return to her ber head bead The horns should be symmetrical and not too large The cars ears cars not very large and when they are turned back there should be seen a yellow oily ony secretion lC an the inside This stIf ld also be found on the udder and on on the tIp Up of ot the tall taU I have bave heard beard that It indicates indicate richness of ot milk but more likely it denotes de de- denotes denotes notes constitutional vigor Igor and thrift For the same reason we like Uke the hair to be soft sort and und oily or silky and when we pull we-pull pull the skin up from the ribs It its s should ber b elastic and spring back and not be thick and leathery Th The neck should bo be slender and neatly neatly neat neat- ly Iy Joined the shoulders There should bo bl no exe excessive amount of at lo loose se flabby flab flabby by skin on the under part of ot the throat and neck The Tho Double Wedge We and I might here bere explain that we means myself and all who agree with me like ilke to see the double wedge In the dairy form torm From the head hend she should gradually increase II In Id width to toward toward toward ward the hind bind quarters Then from the shoulders down we like to see her ber broaden out Th There re should be good width between the forelegs and the space be behind bind the elbow should be well filled out Just JustIn JustIn Justin In this part are situated the vital organs or 01 gans the gaus-the the heart and lungs A cow narrow narrow nar row between the forelegs is exactly the lame game as a narrow person person both both are apt to be subjects for tor tub tuberculosis The backbone should be large loosely loose loose- loosely ly pointed and a little prominent another an anY other Indication of ot nerve power for tor inthe In Inthe the backbone runs the spinal cord the chief nerve of the body The barrel or body of ot the cow should have good length and depth This Is Isher Isher isher her storehouse and should be capable Of holding large quantities of ot food The cow should be wide and strong across the loins to support this large paunch for weakness in this point often often of of- ten causes a sag In the back The thighs should be thin and hollowed out outto outto outto to give gi plenty of space between the legs and the flanks should be high alt all lowing room for Cor a large udder Horsemen say No foot toot no na horse borse Dairymen say No udder no cow The udder should extend well up at the back and well forward being strongly attached to tb the body The sole of the tho udder In a n cow especially a young cow should be level and the teats evenly enly placed and conveniently con long to be milked The udder should be covered ered with fine soft hair should be springy and the veins should be prominent Milk Veins and Milk Wells Well The milk veins coming from the udder ud ad der and running forward under the body Dody should be large tortuous and extending extending extending ex ex- ex- ex tending well toward the front before entering the body through what are called the milk wells Sometimes these openings in the abdominal wall are small and press the veins swelling them and making them appear larger than they really are In buying a cow not milking It Is well to feel the size of the milk wells and they will be some indication of the size and length of the milk veins After the cow Is milked out the udder udder udder ud ud- ud- ud der should hang like Uke a bag of ot skin soft sott and pliable Occasionally we see seea a cow with a beautiful udder After Atter being milked she still has her beautiful udder but has added little to the milk pall pail This Is known as a fleshy udder and rind often deceives a buyer The escutcheon or milk mirror is considered by some dairymen as an important Indication of a cows cow's value as a The escutcheon is that portion of ot the hind quarters at the back and top of ot the udder where the hair points upward Instead of at downward It is taken as a good sign when the tho space covered with such hair Is large and when there are several cores or whirlpools where the hair gathers toward a center Some Judges like the terminal tailbone tailbone tail tall bone to reach the hock The tall tail is but buta a n. continuation of ot the backbone backbone the the larger and more loosely jointed the vertebrae the longer the tall tail It should taper toward the point and end In II nice full fuU switch First Look For Constitution Summing up the qualities of 01 a g cow cw we should saL sad first st look k t for c Continued on Page Page-I Page 1 4 I Farm Dairying Continued from Page 3 3 It Is la anything but pl t It t tto to think of or using milk mUk which has bas co Ie le from a sickly diseased animal Do Dot t you think with mo me there ia is a s g r relationship between the vitality of t e cow an and the vitality of ot the milk s e e gives First then thea let us emphasize the necessity of having a healthy cow as indicated by a readiness for tor her her- food a full tull bright eye soft sott pliable hair and skin steady even breathing and good heart and lung capacity Then we wo want good milking qualities as aa a suggested by a strong nervous system system system tem large middle piece and splendid udder She should have a quiet contented contented contented con con- tented disposition submit quietly to being handled and should be an nn easy A cow should Increase In her milk mUt flow during the first few lactation periods pe pe- periods and frequently there Is a slight Increase In the percentage of ot fat ai nI aishe she reaches maturity She may may be said to be at her best from tram her ber fifth to her year and many do splendid work for many years after atter that age A cow should make from 30 to 00 60 a year profit A very go good d one may mar KIt r CROSS SECTION OF COWS COW'S UDDER SHOWING THE CELLS IN IK WHICH MILK IS 18 make for tor her owner 75 15 to The profit may be estimated If It the food cost be subtracted from the value of the milk fat The value of the calf call and manure onsets offsets the cost of ot la labor labor laher la- la bor her In connection with the care of the tow eow Pets of the tho Herd But- But Receiving good care a cow should give ciTe pounds of milk testing at least 3 80 30 0 per cent fat or should shoud make pounds of at butter In fn a year A A. heifer should reach this amount In her second lactation period This Is not a high standard but 1 If put Into force throughout the country It would mean menn that three-quarters three of ot the cows would be doomed The average yearly yield per cow Is not over pounds of milk mUk With such an average how I many very poor ones there must bel bet I What about yours In nearly every table stable there are sleek gentle genUe cows which stretch their necks as greedily as ns can be for mangels and mea meal and which walk forth with a n leisurely Important air ah- ahto to pastures green and luxuriant the tha pets often otten of at the herd and yet If It X rays of ot the scales and the test for fat ere thrown thrown on such the revel I a- a Uon on would assign them t to the butch JI ers r's block |