Show r r. r eo eoS i 1 1 m S S 5 rt S 'S S' S S'S S S S S 5 S c j LOkE S rt pj-rt y pitr i S S So o The Government M Macaroni Wheat KM sS s mJ Pl l. l S c. I S I v- v I GUY ELLIOTT s v vIWA i- i i While tho the Weather Bureau and antI its its its' S forecasts have haTe been the subject of many SS jokes a and puns uns at tho the hands of the newspapers yet et et seriously the Weather Bureau records re are now ow having increased increased in in- s creased use as evidence in the courts 5 r of or the country ii During tho the past ten years observers S of the Weather er Bureau have appeared with records in iii court nearly three three- 5 5 thousand times Evidence as to the S weather is a great factor in a a. variety S of cases both civil and criminal CIvIl Civi CivilS S cases are largely personal injury da damage damp dam age to perishable goods as by freezing 5 or rain and loss by fire The criminal criminalS S cases are usually confined to murder murderS S trials In most cases claims for damS dama damages dam dam- I S a ages es are almost always settled outside S of or court Information as to the existing S weather conditions having been secured by both sides As a usual thing when an anS S of the Weather Bureau appears Incourt in inS incourt S court with records to give testimony he heS S does not know the character of the suit suitS S on fl trial for It I Is generally arranged S S by the attorneys to put him on the stand ImmedI immediately tely upon his arrival in court and he is excused after his bis hisS S S testimony ha has hm been given An observer of the Weather Bureau was once called In a case in which th the S plaintiff had stated that while she was riding In a street car she attempted to shut a window in order to keep leep out the raw cold weather As the car reached a curve she he was suddenly thrown headlong l InHo to the street The TheS S railway introduced the weather record S to show that on tl the e date of the alleged accident the weather was wann warm anI and 5 sunny and there was no occasion for shutting a window The wind records S of the Weather Bureau are valuable during trials involving damage by byS S wind such as blowing down of buildIngs buildings build build- ings super structures and flag staffs S the wrecking of vessels vessels' on the lakes and ocean etc et and seldom is a suit suitS S S for damage ca caused d by hIgh wind brought S in any of the the large cities that the Weather r records are not called into court JL a Evidence Evidences s sometimes desired In a case of damage by lightning Several years years agoa ago fa building in Illinois col collapsed collapsed collapsed col- col lapsed during a severe thunderstorm It- It was insured by loss against lightS lightning light light- S ning and nd not against loss by wind The TheS S owner claimed full insurance on the ground that the destruction of the house bouse was caused by a bolt of lightS light light- S ning The matter was placed in the theS S hands bands of the adjuster who in turn called to his assistance a scientist then S in charge of one of the principal weather I S S er bureau offices to whom by mutual consent the decision was left leftS S No Mud l on Ills His Boots hoots S 4 The Tho subject of rainfall was important S S 55 ln In a ar way in a trial in ConC Con- Con C A A burglary i oen d ou J. J n a prominent residence and the occupants believed that they recognized as the 55 Intruder their own coachman who lived near by in a stable A thunder storm stormS storm'S S S S 'S with heavy rain prevailed at that time and shortly afterwards the officers who had been summoned put the coachI coachman coachman coach coach- man under arrest He denied the I charge and called attention to the fact factS S that his shoes were not bot wet and muddy S During the trial the Weather records S were produced s showing heavy rain at atthe atthe atthe the time and the jury concluded that it w was s case of mistaken identity and S the man was discharged S S Saved Saved His Life Veather Weather Bureau records have figured S in some o of ot the most notable murder murder trials In Ta one one instance an observer was called by the defense to show that the th night the victim disappeared was dark and threatening This evidence conS contradicted contradicted con con- that given a witness for forthe forthe forthe S the prosecution n who bad had testified that SS although distant several hundred feet he saw the acc accused sed take the victim into a a. a factory S S SS I IThe I S The relations bet between een the Judiciary and the Weather Bureau are mutually agreeable The value of the Weather Bureau records is appreciated and the thorough operation co of Its officials Is acknowledged With the increase in inthe inthe inthe the number of observing stations and more comprehensive and complete meteorological data at hand service will naturally be a still more Important factor In the adjustment of ot S claims and the trial of suits In which S the question of weather in any of ot its phases may enter Macaroni 1 Wheat Introduction S Mention has been recently made of the great value to the American farmer farm farm- 5 er of the Importation of a new variety of wheat known as Durum or macaroni wheat As has been stated this grain S has baa been Instrumental in bringing Into 4 h production lat laad which which- heretofore ha hU hasS S- S 5 r S 3 JI S S S not been teen considered valuable for Cor wheat raising The introduction of macaroni wheat into the United States came about through the to Europe and Asiatic Russia in 1899 of or Mark A. A Carleton of the Department of Agriculture Agriculture Agri Agri- Agriculture culture then the assistant in charge of cereal investigation He wa war sent there by the Secretary of Agriculture in order to gain all possible information in iii regard to macaroni wheat and to select such varieties as would would probably succeed in the great grain regions regle-ns and especially In semi arid portions where the ordinary bread were sometimes sometimes some some- times at best but an Indifferent crop Mr Carleton made a t thorough orough k I Qi is 5 CROP OF MACARONI WHEAT RAISED AT THE NEW MEXICO EXPERIMENT STATION tion Ion and secured a large number of oi varieties In the Russian provinces north of the sea of Azoy already the home lome of the best hest of macaroni he found the climatic conditions approximately ap ap- ap proximately the same as those of our Great Plains He secured a number ol ot bushels of the best varieties of wheat grown there and these the Department Department Department De De- of Agriculture distributed to growers in suitable localities thereby increasing the stock The crop secured together with two fresh importations was distributed in 1901 to the farmers I of the northwest through the experiment experiment expert expert- ment meat stations of the various states j Great Crop for Northwest Since the Department of Agriculture undertook the work the production o of macaroni wheat in the northwest has bas increased with astonishing rapidity Perhaps no other new crop has been so warmly welcomed by the farmers In inthe the regions regions- suitable to Its growth I Ihas It ItI I has been found splendidly adaptable to the climatic and soil conditions of the Great Plains region It thrives in abundant sunshine does not require a large amount of moisture resists vigorously all the smuts and rusts and andIs andIs andis Is a strong grower yielding far in inex excess excess excess ex ex- ex- ex cess os the ordinary bread blead wheat A peculiar property of f macaroni wheat which makes males it valuable for its distinct uses is its protein or gluten content S SIn In a general way the methods to be employed in the cultivation of macaroni macaroni macaroni maca maca- roni are similar to those required required required re re- re- re for the best results with any any other The first and most obvious use of the macaroni wheat is the manufacture of macaroni vermicelli and other I forms of edible pastes At the presen present time ime this country is these products largely the Importations amounting to nearly pounds annually with a value of In 1900 there was not hot a single factory in inthe the he United States manufacturing ma ma- aron caron from macaroni wheat All that lV Bureau Bure S z S Station S n on 01 onke the ke c- c Crt reS S SS S of oc t the Blue Rd t o S S I r 55 S S I 1 The rite United States Slates S Bureau at 5 5 Washington I was made in this country was of an inferior quality and was sold as such on the market being produced from the bread Now there are 20 or more factories using American macaroni macaroni macaroni ma ma- caroni wheat and proudly branding their products Made in America from American Grown Maca oni flour is also used for the purpose of ol blending It is mixed with a low grade of bread wheat flour making a most valuable article for bread making and pastry c cooking Macaroni flour Is also used for ordinary bread making Tests made by the Department of Agriculture Agriculture ture and by private faro families lUes have demonstrated demonstrated de do- that bread made from fron macaroni flour is very palatable anc and nutritious m many ny people preferring 11 it to ordinary wheat bread The use of the flour extends also to many other S t rc rr articles of ot common diet such as an rolls sticks bread griddle cakes etc and officials of the Department of Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture ture think there Is no reason why a breakfast food far excelling a majority of those in common use at the present time both as to palatability and nu nu- cannot be prepared from it As a stock food macaroni wheat and its products I have been found by actual experiments to equal l if not surpass bread wheat wheal Owing to the fact that Itis it itIs itis is a surer crop than the latter with a heavier yield farmers will learn to turn to this abundant source of protein in using balanced rations Rapid Increase in Production The progress of the macaroni wheat industry In this country may be understood understood understood under under- stood when it is known that the first crop of any considerable amount was in 1901 when It was estimated that f. f fm m to bushels were har har- In 1902 the yield was between 1500 0 bushels and bushels In Ia 1903 nearly bushels were obtained w while lle In 1904 the yield amounted to nearly bushels I While e the possibilities of the crop of I 1905 cannot be accurately determined at this time estimates run from to bushels this bushels this is a comparatively new crop in the United States Instead of importing macaroni wheat for the purpose of manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing turing domestic macaroni the United States is now exporting annually about bushels to France and Italy and other European countries for it has bas been found by the manufacturers there that the American grown wheat makes a most excellent product Se Secretary Sec Sea Wilson stated that the value of the macaroni wheat industry in hi this I 5 55 S MACARONI WHEAT SEED EN LN ROUTE TO SEAPORT FOR SHIPMENT TO THE UNITED STATES country now reaches more than annually With so many splendid possibilities in its favor officials of the Department of Agriculture believe that macaroni wheat has a great future Bread and pastry made from it will find a welcome welcome wel wel- come addition to the tables of the American people while the introduction tion of the wheat into the Great Plains region has proved an inestimable boon to the farmers of the semi-arid semi belt extending from North Dakota to Texas While it may take tale some time to educate educate educate edu edu- cate both producers and consumers to tots Its ts excellence and value it is believed that macaroni wheat and its products will give it high rank among standard I farm crops I |