Show a few cameras rescued last January and on Cit&S They ixlied on home videos donated by citizens The broadcast signal was very weak It had w be rtlayed to a tower in the nearby forest then 60 miles to Kaunas lithuanies -largest city and on to lithuania's 35 million people "The worst thing" Sartataviclus told me ilast July --is that ut cannot wort professionally We have no studio ftet even the most elementary equipment We have - 1014 ' - a- "v j to do our I home-vide- ' fre l' 1 1 N i"47 I ' TV 1 ally temporarily but occasionally for weeks or months according to Eduard Sagalyev president of the Soviets' Union of journalists The press he pointed out feels the twists and tums of policy Gorbachev who originated the press freedoms as a way to break up the dktatori- ur I back its precious radio television and newspaper d th3 Wats' Ell:n equipnient Since the coup YeImin as accused Gottachev of ci PLImanstslItlitse 1711 I 41' - 1 I' 11 I 1 lk -- - I 1 lc - tntxteidalenitt expos& ofthe Soviet army with Soviet rock sexy MTV videos with sharp-tongue- d 1 1 I i't I -- i ht tri 111 ' ' v 4 - - "i1 2 dialogue isand l' dabachevl r4 was in constant dan tz:3 ger a surtvess": Litwin relater iccasionilly shows expose Mirseales Windy crectiakien la the Ulf"' were canceled and CIZZ'it thing he alluded to was the rs The exodus was made possible by the kept °tithe air menacing drive to The final straw ac- - sudden formation of a rival the scite independent repotting is at State Television in Moscording to the anchor sian Television Channel sponsored pro- Sasha Lyublmov was his rated and financed by Yeltsin who in cow known among RusEMI sians as Gast& plan to interview aides to mid-- 1990 teatime the political chief of the forma Foreign Min- - the Russian Republic lathe heyday Of glasnal freeEduard with Shevardnedze istet As productica director Yeltsin recruited blossomed Gostel right after 098749) Shevardnadze had publicly warned on Anatoly Lysenko formerly the duel prowheeling new programs By We 1940 Dec 20 1990: "Dictatorship is corn- - ducer of the rebellious Vaglyad A wry his aides tom me Gorbadiev was infati&zed hy the stinging criticisms of him of bearded veteran with a zest for snaight ing" Kravcbenko vetoed this segment the Communist Party and of the Soviet Lyubimov refused to air a censored pro- - news and exposes Lysenko gathered up Kravchenko's castoffs Ile plucked Bei- military that were broaAaist on Gostet gram Veglyod was strangled In the following weeks anchors and la Kutkova the jewel of Leningrad tele- So he installed the hard-linLeonid told vision who brought along 75 good Kravchenko as TV tzar me their correspondents scripts -as ple In all some 800 journalists editors altered were editors by acting r--m7 Icensors their jobs were changed and technicians left Gostel t k ‘ t 1 their pay was cut Kravchenko I i N Nonetheless lyseriko's band of rebels t e-i r--- t 4 forced them was stymied: They had almost no equip- out k NA:-Vladislav Flyarkovsky whose ment no studios no editing machines tower—and no aircandid melts of nationalist move- - no transmitter 41 in Georgia and Lithuania time Television was sdll Kravcheakes e i ea ments — r : I ! 1991 however Yelt- had to distor- 71) roZimslyhe heel: cuet no more trulnhaopdoly By May - 1 too powerful for Gor--u 4 after he was blocked from mak- - bachev to deny the Russian Republic its tr —"'"l'- -o' Nk ing the mildly critical observation own TV outlet Also Yeltsin was rich that Gorbachev had won one kg- - enough to pay Kravehenko handsomely cf:1t": iSiatiVe bank but lost another 1 So on May 13 went on the One evening Andrei Molcha- - air—leasing cameras studios transmit- anchor &livered nov a late-tigter and airtime from its rival Gostel a moving report on the misery of By July the channel was having a big then announced that impact "They have rapidly gained an his show was going off the air No audience" Victor Scalia a Gostel official explanation but previously he had in Leningrad conceded "We already protested that information was be-- feel them a real competitor" lathe Augustcoup log "monstrously butchered" ' Vladimir Pozner—a senior Yeltsin's channel—was shut down at commentator who often has de- - once But his victory put the channel back on the air—six hours daily with the Yestsla Bolts sponsored protected and financedI the fended Gorbachev on American television although in Moscow TV channel a dui to the state Wee& continued Mantes Sartatatielies a halintd cscat ' All-Ru- 'I I p- 7f- ' nor --- ' program Fifth Wheel put them on the air so The censors were caught the films reached a nationwide audience For more than seven months Moscow's tanks and sentries occupied Lithuania's radio and television studios Lithuanian radio operated out of the sound studios of the Lithuanian Society for the Blind and the television staff developed makeshift studios inside the parliament bani building behind concrete-bloc- k off-gua- rd 1 of state powtr" In Kravchenko's Nrge the axe fell fast on lityad(Outlook) 4 pop- ular two-hoFriday-ingmagarine show (audience: up to 150 mil--I --- --I bon) Krim:111m hal helptd to start As a flagship olgiasnost 'II alhi-- wt this show walked a It is part ir er rushed films of military brutality to Leningrad There Bella Kurkova the feisty executive producer of the daring 20 1901 -- is his institution It Mitt!: rs OCTOBER tel rill Stt List Last January Soviet troops seized PARADE MAGAZINE depoty-Gos- Sid 112 prcst:t mitts self- - entin Lazutkin Kravchenko's br cl chtlate: suffo-ancho- r ' flagellation—and a peculiar 1471:kt is cl i creating conditions fox a hard-lin- e takeover One al system kft by Stalin sometimes has turned against the press Before the coups when the press got too outspoken he called for the removal of editors or even tried as he did last January to revoke the 1990 press law banning censorship "Why I asked Sagalyev -Glzisnosr" he replied "is net a sweet bar of chocolate It is hitter medicine When Garbacliev did not like the taste he retreated from gli2shos: and joined in a crackdown the hard-lineLithuania's radio and television station and tower and the world saw pictures of tank columns crushing innocent people and soldiers bashing civilian heads with rifle butts- - Fifteen people were killed Soviet central television ran official statements blaming Lithuanians for the violence according to the correspondents with whom I talkel The real story got to &Niel viewers through the ingenuity of the Lithuanian TV reporter Ricardus Sartatavicius who troops eghtenoct the noose They WIWI Kaunas to hioek the relay But when the coup failed Lithuania got 1 usu- During the Au- gust coyp Soviet the TV station in WNW 011 FACPwata Ptilwkw magsim a show that ileatt was and cling ethnic conflid in Nagorno-Karabak- h Many others had been detained - § 1rl - SWIM Ilytibiltleft was and daring on two VCRs Our quality ter being informed that Kravehenk° distraged him for leaving the Communist Party and that Gorbachev was angry bemuse on a trip to the West he had said Gorbachev was less popular than Yeltsin Top professionals fled K'ravchenko's clampdown: first a trickle then a flood cannibalism" among the Soviet people "Some things had to be done to respect the weed and the person tithe pntsident Gorbachev the symbol of governmental power" asserted Val- film-splici- has dropped terribly—but at least we're on the air?' L—” 4 0' o hIs trams have been °Idle hardliners—iris° quit Gastel He said it was af- re second- 1e'--- 1 aka Krava&nko a graying Communist Party Central Committee veteran accused the mass media of fanning 'political masochism self- PAGE S tc I ‘ an coal-mine- rs t |