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Show I ll , M I If V.H I a Ik i'akc tribune t I Morning. August Decision Near Over U.S. Postal Strike U7h 2:1. r lion 10 t1.,- -. Post The n, a ion will loam sou t n o .s in loi aiiothci H in llils Week ol next it vears ot labor peace 'mil Its InegeM anion or il it must pi op. uv lo .ope u '!. with rm. t nationwide mail stnk o soiling li 'tors and patron- - pu mo un lh r m.nl at the po- -t ot lee W , o k. Ilia lal' ol the Ariel can Io-it iiioii m convention hee repoiJ 10. il no, on hall 111! ir Jolt INNI on Millet' .ille.ib 111.el .i ned mail h.ulnt s a' In at mg w heihei U m-want in ai ei pt or roct a iropn FN I st,i1clioii,l nt n of Oolwnthwi xxtll Ik l)i strict Hie I'tah ,r ihf urgin',! in lx'eislalurc il. as ("xpocted, ilio S,natc approves a onnsiitiitwiual amendment that would send the issue to the stall"' lor ratiiieatioii Based on population, lodoial tax pa muni s. c r n ra.'iia l! ies Mil if red m t n, Vietnam War. district residents liaxc a stroii" claim on statehood nd the statistics art Bolstered hy the nagging tact that those Itxing in the district arc still denied voting in Congress. These eircumstances not with standing, there is a natural reluctance to declare the tiny enclave surrounded hy Maryland and Virstate accorded ginia a two senators and at least one rep Itill-lh'dge- d reseutatixe. Supporters ot district statehood are battling a deeply held conception ol what a state should or should not he. As proponents ol statehood note, more people reside in the District ol Columbia than in seven of the fo states, according to latest population figures. They paid more federal taxes than 11 states. On a per capita basis district residents pay more in federal taxes than any state except Alaska. If the almost 700.000 residents ot the district were somehow settled in a the size of Utah it is territory one-half ' . trators and is cosponsored hy six other professional education associa- Roosevelt. The controversy, howexer. was over linaneing. not whether smaller classes are better than larger one That supposition is accepted ax an article of faith hy most parents ana many educators. But it may he only partly valid. A new study hy Educational Reeducasearch Serxiee. a tional organization, confirms that certain kinds of students those in the lower grades, disadx antaged children and those with lower reading abilities benefit from small classes when teachers adjust their methods to a more intimate setting. But the same study concluded that decades of research fail to justify snall overall reductions in class size or ratio hy a school Iniard as a matter of genral policy According to news reports, the study represents the most survey in recent years on an issue whose financial and educa tional consequences are debated end lessly and countrywide. The research serx ice was established by the Am, ri can Association of School Admmis should non-prol- il pupil-teach- er com-prehetisix- e it illi.un W I Im . k I, x ' 'i,; j : ni j - i i! 'h,,t White t.lNc i. sj ( IX il I lig In- - nci-lc- a -- Inn. Inn SI .11 nilo .0 I lx ol Urn iceeiit weeks the managing XI New A ork Time- Rosenthal has argued forceluilx the merits of ills reporter in New Jefsex. Myron Karlier. lefiismr to (ktiiiiI the ; nidge nt a murder t rial in X ' in leak at Karlier" s notes lie i oi. i i is inter i s, i ; ,iud esjsiiisitili miT i an npmo of the lodge w m lie favor Sun-Time- . The dissident me, ement whirl: uexer eon mined more than a few hundred activists. has been shaken by the arrests intended to dost m lie Helsinki monitoring groups. Il will need time to reorganize That the dissident will clash with the state m the future, howexer. is virtually certain lx cause the So let authorities, in attempting to crush dissonl through long prison and exile sentences bat without full recourse to Stalin a goal bloody methods, haxe set thom-clvthex cannot realize -- cs Wit h oat h ax e of arrest ' .aid poll' leal t n ah ioee the 1'tMi trial of the writers Andrei siex ;i ask', and Yllii Diiniel. the end of the lias predict,,! amt. in cxerx wit renewed energx llicx resiirfaied (Use xx 11 rle resiliency d'sscill hex in the it is liolh an inexitahle response to tin unbalanced relationship between the mdixido at ;md the state, in which the individual has m IKilitieal riglits. and a subculture win, h iiciaiise of the , ommitment its members havi made in advanei. is meradiealile under present t of Sox let I t i (ireumstaoees t III p.gK-r- XI x Hank Superstition The uproar ox er the imprisonment of Karlier levied ag.vust 'I"he Times and the fines Ymk uulii the occupied the tU'id!;,d'.. m it headlines stopped ipiKMinig Suddenly became a matter not of a decline in the intensity of investigative journalism because of the fear of prurient judicial intervention The matter became. No loumale.in of any sort Why lie, aiise seven uiiihii- - including a union the of editorial employees deehoed to , ro-.pieket line thrown up bv a union of pressmen - hal so m keled ami ili'ro ritedy lelunied home remarking Hid she would not cross a picket line under any n mi instant es gix mg e to Ihe ingenious suggestion that puketstie instituted at t cry exit to Hxde I'ark and muinl.uncd dax I'll i r rt-- r- - " The superstitions ot class warfare, inherited Iron) an ilge when business was automata ally thought to N' bud. and woik'Ts automatic. dlx good, has coni rolled the movement s of men and w omen of exalted x al ion Years ago Kleanor llonsoxelt drew b,o k was loin.' Irani ;i Ihcaler on seeing Unit M i i, am Jo ( i, nine ( I - month - eonv m-i'- i w effeetiv ely realized ike AiWt ilimi tl Xlldiews who ac, used tv some nieinhers ol 1,'nbnv la harg un hard, enough, lias alreadv inlormtu Ida na'rinal officers if llils union that they Hum members - vv ill do w it h, ml pav ehe, - i! he is forced to call a st ike -- k- The situation is eomplie.iied liv the tact that three AFL C10 unions involved navi unison Tills presumahlv agreed to act means dial li members oi two unions vote lo accept tile contract, and one elects it. calling tor a strike, all union members would honor the picket line Pali insiders lx iiev e rank and lie members of the unions probably will vote tin same way The problem is that iioImkIx knows 1" whether they will accept ei reject Hie hull heir ul'vi go.iN , an 111 a monolithic I d The need and night ' Appropriate Sanctions John Kenneth Galbraith, m rout . t. hroadeast of Meet the Ires- tunied around at the diMir of the studio rather than cross the pa ket line thus sparing him the exercise of ad indicating the mi rits of the striking union's am- - md ini idi nt illy sparing the repulilu 'hi .uflielmn ..f hi' televised opinions . In to lie a law" As a rule one ho sin inks from the foiinul.it ion Hut the leverage o! a striking union is thoughtlessly accepted l'luis we get strikes now nu,i garbage mile, dors mailmen, fiiemeti, Kihee Why not "ongress If ("ongtess ha' a negative responsi bildv not to mti rfeie with the freedom of the press, does it have a positive responsibility to prevent others from interfering with the I ( freedom of the pi ess" Hut surely the most appropriate sanctions soi lal Itesponsihle men and women mu-- l lop Miporordmatnig their lov altv to any lalmr m. ion over their lovaltv to the eommumtv are whose supK.rt they are constantly invoking la unv (piariid involving the (reedom of the pi ess they xx ill i n h ahaiidoil as a misgl.ieed gesture ol fraternal solidarity d 'opv re III n 1 I state, the dissidents are They know their activities wiil end their careers and could meal that they go to prison Facing I' ple-idt- I possible grim ,'onse dissident movement is so 'piooees small numerically so w ide in influence (almost even one in the Soviet Union is aware of it' and' so diliicult to suppress Any dissident gathering is peopled hy persons who li.iv e been 1o the latKir camps or are sikiii to go Aware of th dangers they face, dissidents are difficult to ml mod lie (.roup Leaders Arrested The arrest ot mote than "ll ninmlu'is ol 'Helsinki'" groups m Moscow, the Ukraine. Lithuania Georgia, and Armenia m the last vear .aid a half and the sentencing of 17 of them has deprived the movement of its mo-- t ellective leaders but has far from destroyed it tin July Hi. the day after Sheharansky was sentenced. Mos, ow dissidents crowded into the apartment of I)r Andrei Sakharov. Hie NoU l Prize winner, to reiterate their determination and .oinoonee apjHimtment of a new memlu'ro! the Moseow-b.iseHelsinki group. Sergei Iolik.moff a nuclear phvsicist and cones pondm : member of the Soviet Academy ol Sen lu es Irof fobkannff said he was )oinm. the group in light of re, cut "significant would contribute to its wot k in any way he 1o is win the negotiated contract proposal . IJII.mtO Vote Ui.lKHi iiieniM is al Three years ago. only al ;t lent lot. tills union voted in Hie contract process More than l'J'J mi XKWU nnoulK" -- alicndy liave voted lluur ballot- - are hern-kept under lock and kev until the union couet-t'leidead'lne !m sometime alter the .vug their receipt The big. early turnout dofmitclv a union ntbeial noted "HM i in no' sure vvli.it." he added i1 could it veil that the mti (ontract people turned out to vole no i ir it could mean that people who want to accept il got in eat Iv to him k any (si- - .bii'iy ot a ink, We iu- -t don't know Most ol the di iegate' and nmou iiagm- tin i llav e talked w th HU' week he!"-will tx1 a, c, 'tiled t) meinlKus llowevti ev.i the most optimisti, feel it w Hi be a e!o i vole n -- Xlliitaul Delegates Militant delegates heie louGnue r.ie but generad. n must of their national olfi, moderation Tins is in harp contrast m ,r outliurst Mondav that dcl.ivcd li'e otr. cut i.m tor nearly two hours - demoe.st atoi s - ippi d all business wiule they demanded Hud Un e president resign Hie nnlit.uits have won mo ' of what ttiey i ame hen- for a denunciation nt could i a- The jir.'seut campaign ag mist dissent, who the latest h series of campaigns since began with the seizure o exander Ginzburg m February 1077 outside a pav tel, phone booth near his wife's apartment and reflects a basic feature of Soviet life, the Soviet desire to make solemn international human rights commitments without loosening tlv state's total control The Soviet authorities signed the Helsinki a, a nnls aware tii.it they could not honor them, and with the formation of the Helsinki agreement monitoring groups in May piTii, the di'sideuts accepted the implicit challenge to hold Hie authorities to their liberal word Typical of the Regime The disparity iietween stated freedoms and actual circumstances is typical of the Soviet Bnion The authorities make human rights commitments because they want to attribute the apparent unanimity of Soviet society to Marxist development rather than to the absence of freedom. Unanimity m the Soviet I mon - exemplified perhaps in the Supieme Soviet. (Missibly tile world's only parliament is alw ay s held to he which has never voted no voluntary Soviet authorities max thus Ignore nstcii-ibl- c tights hut never disavow them When two dissidents went to the Moscow City Council last year to say that they planned to hold a demonstration in Pushkin Square on Docoirbcr 10 to mark United Nations Human Rights I)av. thev were not told that such a demonstration would Ik- illegal hut merely advised that it hooligans from nearby cafes decided to beat them up. it would bo their ow n fault The atmosphere of unreality which this situation creates is part of the iite here amt bruits the extent to which the dissident' who alwavs attempt to take human lights commit incuts htoi ally can pressure the authorities to honor tlie rights 111,' authont les have them sclv es promulgated Win'll, however, the Soviet I mon signed t In I't7.") Helsinki agreements in which it denv.d tangible iK'iiefits such as Western agreement m Hie Fairopean territorial status quo m ext h.in.e for sM-- die Soviet undertaking in the In id el human rights, the situation , hanged InqMirtance of Information II the West was serious about eomphanei the Western (lowers would need inform.it ion about Soviet violations which only the dis-- i dents could supply and lor the first time the dissidents would have a directly cone, Tiled external ally. The crackdown on dissent which has be, unusually thorough, has often liecti depicted as a response In President Carter's human rights In fact, the .ntcrrogation and campaign searches, which are normal preparations for arrest Carter assumed office and the authentic' would have almost certainly ai led to suppress the Helsinki group regardless of v ho had been in the White House is .mix in a - lands, ", x 'Piat mindset holds that to gross a pi, ket am act That i.s tin' ranking is a fratricidal siipci stitam in the corjise of ritualistic Xmen It is the ultimate in intellectu.il can and moral abdication of responsibility Grown men and women who laugh at the prowisit nm that tile Hope might he invested with divine intelligence in ruling on matters of morals regularly assign infallibility to any trade union i iipalile of instituting a pieket line (lass Warfare Hy de, lining to come to work, and to make the effort successfully made in Washington bx the Post two years ago' to bring out a newspaMT, the same men who clamor about thrc.a'x i,, the freed. an of th .ia hyiotlnt. rally posed liy a judge in New Jersey, by declining to cross a picket line, acquiescently allow the press to sii .Knd not only its freedom hut its life tie lie late Police SlaU flporation The Soviet I mon. although more tolerant 'nan in Stalin's time, still employs intensive police surveillance, umquitous informers eavesdropping and letter opening and guaran tc es no politie.il right beyond that of the region oi ,et in its nun interest The Soviet i itien has no right to free speech or assembly, no ahditx to form indtcud,ul organizations or to publish opposing opinions x the recent dissident trials demonstrated there is no .iiarantee of due process of laxx The dissident movent, nt has various strand' democratic dissidents, nationalists, the "xjigimi.x rights movement Jews seeking to (migrate - but in general consists of people a ho have dedicated themselves to working for 'in- creation of rel.ohle puhlnal rihl- - ,s the U hlx-ralis- lints shaking eg' s( tclmologu d propie-- s Where is the public clamoi'1 If Mr he will have to tin is protesting, oo i eat ion- - ol Iw.tn u,. irmr. I mon and He AlWl voiod m i w h. I.miigl'- to reieet the eonfact ropod .it i. mo-- t ol their national leaders wiio igimd il Hut it - still up to the rank and I le workers Ini w onld go pav less on the picket line and l.'ies ami lo-- s ol obs lo decide v iietla lie coni t act - so bad it Jllstlt.es an lltev.il m- lilihinii! only means through Pax id Sailer s Chicago With the sentencing nf Dr X un xmSCOW Alexander Ginzburg. and Anatoly Orlox Sheharunsky and Alexander Podrobmok not Hus week, an inieiox sense of ideological e.itin Inis settled oxer Moscow. The Sox lets are tree again to esMuse. all lint unchallenged right' and freedoms tliex haxe no ldlei.tina oi implementing in pr.ietK e e - radio aod telex Kos, ntlial wiio is the nbapptly '"ust i nen.etn and i ouseiciitioiis of men aod a , owe wi sonal .'rieiuli betrays that sense of si nation inherited from the suiHTstdions ol oi age in xxhi,-habits ot mind were termed w tin h sun ivc as rank :.il el town i . iv vv Jr. Sy e't a mod iin.iei d i i -- Heje, nt Press Freedom Slops al the Pieket Line W i t V Russia Dissidents Bound To Renew Their Efforts lltm-- i jm u i -- d n Vd W " lo i g i di order - ill limit -- "Hbiv. Ihtc! tin n.l ..non m o, ' in " - l.n would have table 'I'hi lone table citllei to lonie up w.'n In ahii mqiTuvid ei.ntr.n l ' o'' ill a or lo ti'Ae nl tin serv'ee - 'ml! oiillioa workei- - ll H' w ,1 VSi miiir,il - li il a. classes ,. i II roict the oii'iling nl the ill. a! ii.ilku in i Smaller classes should result in numerous adxantaees to Ix)th pupils and teachers. That's gut feeling logic. But when a sizable body of evidence suggests otherwise a reassessment is ihsiMs ivpiiit!'. x'loht lll.n r'i.il.l il i . s ! im-n- -- Relthoiigh tin Educational search Serxiee inxestigation cannot be considered the linal word on the longstanding class si, eontroxersy it ought to make lxth state and local school oihciaU take another look at class sie policies. ! o1 v it "I; ml loop I -l i . i l . they haxc in mind deiinite object ixes tor specific ot croups pupils." The study that there is no "optimum" class size nor will smaller classes per so increase pupil aehiex ement Tin study continued, howexer. that snial ler clasM's increase aehiex ement ol certain croups ot students under some conditions f Ihi' s nl i'i "only xvhen m the niemhet I! .i i i hoards, the serxiee said, eon-elude- j - n. Nat lima! Xssm lat Ion ol ml H n ,n t X1.nl " Handler- - I mini ape' al emjilov vgs w il! Oo , ,..i iifg, ill l. iv oil pi .it eel ion foi Hie next tin ee - and ill vet a eomlnii.il ioii ol pav al o n oHn s dial will Mm ol living ad lie loll- - mu t II. al.irv ol the avelajo i e.u mill ler to mo, e than s s k tions. pupil-henoi- il In Countx Conflict oxer how Salt Lake City School District finances class size reduction flared anexv at the monthly meeting of the State Board of Kduca-tio- a i . smaller o-- . . mandate . i a! Class Size Heresy in -- I c School - . douhtlul that prolonged resistance to statehood could liaxc been sustained mile area But they hx in a uox nl which the federal eminent owns a percent du I tali the lederal enx eminent owns some Mi percent ol the land s with admission battles down ouch American history this one is hich'x political But the same historx shows that main ol the suppositious upon which support or opposition to statehood rested weie not ot loin; aliditx If the district bin aim a state todax its two senators would surely he Democrats, a tact that some opponents arc acutely aware ol. But experience with other new stales suggests that Democrats would not he able to hold the monopoly lor Ion" Bros and eons of district statehood arc numerous and weighty. They n quire extended dehate the ratification process promises to produce. But one highly prejudicial aspect should lie discarded at the outset. The statehood issue should be considered on the realities that count, not on the halloxxed misconception that a state should cover at least as much ground as Rhode Island or Delaware. How best to extend the vote to some 700,000 Americans is the issue, not the fact that they live in an area much smaller than Salt Bake i KH W ( Conception of Proper State Size Plagues Statehood for Capital I'll,' qu Caii'cv Hy Alike The President Carter, knuckle tipping ter tine own leaders, and the convention's nonhmd.i'g re)eetlon of the font a say aneManeerr reeeioe will he decided in a how of m.o' ballot strength bel ween higuty woikers. d h. New York, who o(iKise the w "ge (i.u k.e against employ,,1' ill smaller towns and the t.a West wheie postal v. a ;e- - and iols an m the ci inuiunit among the Umon-vvatehel'- s ol the out raid -- I i I eon-ider- People who know the member me ilown of Has union mat, li up - eU u! meaning that live idi whn :n., M I and tlu mo-- t w II oei ide w hetlu r e. m.- nl goe- - Uirou. h l -- , Ijn-.o- -- t a v d op- ( W rl i t Jmi' e, ants o ball i mhl Paragraph- - i ail. I I a, he I), iv ee In voiiig too nl Me i 111 . ,i la ii aht, Cue del 'ill's o fu ,, s,n ,l A ji i, ke .vhovi i.iii.sit moiinng' He Inal- - ' "Safurdav Nichl evi-- i The Justn e Dep irtmen' I, a- - f n.div I. nun lied a drive ll wigi lojin i ,uu indicted Ivn I. n ii ies la in, miu !i starch i i f i Jimmy Cal exploiting In- development another lailv H - t oeme, tu.it he rel.di'es ioni i',"e-- lee '.-- VC v - d ndm ,,i ! , vi, , , , , , trShS: li JilAoa i . Max crick I : UMei.d-m Z. o-'- J n |
