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Show the various distempers of different men tor n brief season gave It a chance to succeed. , Some sere Impatient of Washingtons "Fabian policy," as they called It, and would have had him annihilate, Instead of merely checking, these Invading hosts. "My toast." cried John. Adams, "te n short and violent war." Other envied Washington bis power and bis growing fame, resented their own subordination and his supremacy, and intrigued to put General Gates in his place. Had not Gate woh at Saratoga, and Washington tost at tbs Brandywine and at Germantown?. Schuyler had prepared the victory In the north; Arnold and Mor gaa bad don the fighting that secured It; but Gates bad obtained the com mand when all was ready, and was wilting to receive the reward. With a political commlttee-congres- i in charge of affairs, nothing waa Im- - Instalment 15 Congrese, to tu fright, removed to Tottlmore, hundred of persona hurried to take the oath of allegiance upon Howee offer of pardon; aud the British comandera deemed the rebellion at an end. They did not undentaod the man they were fighting. When he had put the broad Delaware between hie dwindling regiment! and the Brltlah at hi heeli, be to collect force and give bin opponent a taato of hia quality. Such an exigency only hia temper, and added a touch of daring to hia spirit. Lee' Fiaaco and Capture. Charlee Lee, bta aecond in command, hoping to make tome atroke for him-aeupon th Hudson, had withheld full half the army in a aafe poat upon the river, in direct dlaobedlence to a order, while the brltlah drove Waah-ingtoaouthward through New Jer-aebut Lee waa now happily In the band of the enemy, taken at an unguarded tavern where he lodged, and moat of the troop he had withdrawn found tbelr way at laat to Waahlng-tobeyond the Delaware, Deape rate effort at recruiting were made. Waahlngton atralned hia authority to the utmoat to keep and equip hia force, and excuaed blmaelf to congreaa very nobly. "A character to loae," he aald, "an eatate to forfeit, the Ineatimable bleaaing of liberty at atake, and a life devoted muat be my excuae." What be planned and did won him a character with hia foe. Before the year waa out he had collCvted elx thouaand men. and waa ready to atrike a blow at the weak, extended line Heaaian mercenarlea for the moat part which Howe had left to hold the Delaware. On Chrlatmaa day Waahlngton made bla advance, and ordered a croaaing to be made ih three dlrlalona, under cover of the night Only hia own dtvlalon, hundred twenty-fiv- e strong, effected the paaaage. Twee ten houra periloua work to croaa the etorm-awep- t river in the pitchy darkness, amidst the haxarda of floating ice, but not a man or a gun waa loat There waa a nine mllea march through driving enow and elect after the landing befora Trenton could atlf-fene- d lf n j!5echfl4 aent xdfflftt. attah..,eM froaeu to death an they Washington's Famoue Order. General Sullivan cent word that the tune were wets "Tell him "to nae the bayonet," aald Waahlngton, "for the town muat bo taken." And It waa taken-l- n the early morning, nt th'e point of the bayonet, with n loae of but two or three men. The aurprlae wae complete Colonel Rahl, the commander of the place, was mortally wounded at the Bret onset, and nine hundred Hessians surrendered nt discretion. When he had gotten his prisoners aafe on the south elds of the river, Washington once more advanced to occupy he town. Plays a Periloua Gama. It waa a- periloua place to be, no doubt, with the greet unbrldged stream behind him; but tha enemys line wae everywhere broken, now that Ita center had been taken; bed been withdrawn from the river in beats, abandoning Ita cannon oven and Ita baggage at Burlington; and Washington calmly dared to play the gams he had planned. U wee not llowe who came to meet him. but the gallant Cornwallla, no mean adversary, bringing eight thousand men, Washington let him come ell tha way to Delaware without himself stirring, except to put n small tributary ptream between his men and the advancing columns; and the confident Englishman went to bed that night exclaiming, "At laet wa have run down the old fox, end well beg him la the morning." The Fen Escapee. Then, while a email force kept the camp-fire- s burning and abrked audibly at the ramparts the cold night through, the foe was up end a way. He put the whole of his force upon the road to Princeton end New Brunswick, where he knew Cornwallis' stores must be. At the mornings light broadened Into day (January 3, 1777) he met the British detachment at Princeton in the way. and drove It1 heck In a decisive rout, a keen ardor coming Into his blood ta be saw the sharp work dona. "An Virginia fox hunt, gentlemen," he exclaimed, shouting . Had hia troops been the fresh end properly shod to outstrip Cornwallla at their heels, he would have pressed on to New Brunswick -mndtakefr theatore therer'but h had done all that could he done with dispatch, and withdrew straight to the heights of Morristown. - tation, gave bim abundant time to do what be would. it waa Sir William's purpose to occupy the early summer, ere Burgoyne should need bim. In an attack on Philadelphia. On the 12th of June, accordingly, he threw e force of eighteen thousand men into New Jeraey. But Washington foiled him nt each attempt to advance by banging always upon bis flank In such a position that he could neither be safely Ignored nor forced to fight; and the prudent Howe, abandoning the march, withdrew once more to New York. British Come to Philedeiphla. But he did not abandon hia project against Philadelphia He deemed it the "capital of the insurgent confederacy, and wished to discredit cpngresa and win men of doubtful allegiance to hie standard by Its capture; and he reckoned upon some advantage Jn drawing Washington after him to the southward, away from Burgoynes field of operation In the north. Though July had come, therefore, and Burgoyne muat need hlan presently, he put his eighteen thousand men aboard the fleet and carried them by sea to the Chesapeake. Washington Puzzled. Washington was sorely puzzled. Hs had taken it for granted that How would go north, and he had gone south! "Howe's In a manner abandoning he Burgoyne la so unaccountable," said, "that I cannot help casting my eyes continually behind me, and he followed very cautiously, ready upon the moment to turn back, lest the movement shouid prove n feint But there was no mistake, Howe entered the Delaware. an), being frightened thence by reports of Obstructions in the river, went nil the long four hundred miles about the cape of Chesapeake, and put hia army ashore at Elkton for Its advance upon Philadelphia. Defeat But Not Rout It waa then the 26th of August Washington met him (September 11) behind the fords of the Brandywine, end, unable to cljeck Cornwallla on bla flank, was defeated. But for lilm defeat was never rout; his army was still Intact and steady; and he held hie to yet another fortnight on the road ere ."capital" could fer of pardon either to withdraw within the British Hoe or to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. bow Men loved to tell afterward Frederick the Great had aald it waa the moat brilliant campaign of the century. Congreaa took atepa before the winter waa over to aecure long enlistments, and substitute a veritable army for the three montha' levies with which Washington had hitherto been struggling to make shift Pledge Hia Privat Fortun. After the affair at Trenton, Washington had been obliged to pledge hia own prlvats fortune for tbelr pay to Induce the men whose term of enlist ment wereto expire on New Year s day more than half bla force to stay with him but a few weeks more, till hia plan should be executed. New he wea authorised to raise regiments enlisted till the war should end and to exercise almost dictatorial powera In everything that might affect the discipline, provisioning, and success of bis army. There waa need, for the year witnessed fighting of tremendous consequence. Breve British Plane. The British struck for nothing leas than complete possession of the whole state of New York, throughout the a of the Hudson and the Mohawk. General Howe, who had about twenty-thousanmen in New York city, waa to move up the Hudson; General with eight thousand men, from Canada down Lake Champlain; Colonel 8L Leger, with n small but sufficient force, down into the valley of the Mohawk, striking from Oswego, on Ontario; and the colonies were to be cut in twain. New England hopelessly separated from her confederates, by tha converging sweep of three arroiee, aggregating more then thirty-thre- e thousand men. But only the coast country, it turned out, waa tenable ground for Brltlah troops. Tlcendaroga Falla. 8ir Guy Carleton had attempted Champlain out of Canada the year before, and had gone back to Quebec without touching Tlconderga, so disconcerted bed he been by the price he had had to pay for his passage up the lake to a email force and an extemporised fleet under Benedict Am val-ley- d Bur-goyn- ho, This time Burgoyne, with hie splendid army, made shout work of Ttcon-derog- a (July, 1777), and drove General Schuyler and hia army back to their posts beyond the Hudson; but the farther he got from hia base upon the lake Into the vast forests of that wide frontier, the more certainly did he approach disaster. No succor came. 8t. Leger waa baffled, and sent in panic hack the way he had come. Howe did not ascend the river. Tha country swarmed with gathering militia. They would not volunteer for distant campaign; but thla invading boat, marching by their very home into the deep forest, roused them end tempted them as they had been roused at Concord, and they gathered et its rear and upon Ua flank as they had run together to invest Boston. A thousand , men Burgoyna felt obliged to 1V e in garrison at Ticon-deroga thousand more, aent to Bennington to aelse the stores there, were overwhelmed and taken (August It). Quite twenty thousand provincials presently beset him, and he had but six thousand left wherewith to save himself. Ha crossed the river, for he still a; - vlew-halloo- , The Patriots Wiener. Cornwallla could only naaten back te New York. By the end of tha month the Americans were everywhere afoot; the British held no posts la New Attboyrand Njw I'rapvwick; end Washington had tsn.7 1 commanding' all vl?'' p'td General Howes L eateiwl Bur-goyne- 's - Washington and hia army wen starving the while at Valley Forge, is desperate straits to get anything tc eat or anything to cover them in thal bitter season not because there wen no supplies, but because congreaa had disorganized the commissary depart ment, and the supplies seldom reach ed the camp. The country had not been too hear Abundant lly stricken by the war. crop were everywhere sown and peacefully reaped, and there were me enough to do the work of aeed-tinand harvest. Th Army Chief 8uffrers. It was only the army that waa auf fering for lack of food and lack ol The naked fact was that tht men. eonfederacy was falling apart for lack Local selflshneai of a government. had overmastered national feeling, gnd only a few men like Washington held the breaking structure together. , Washington's steadfastness was neT er shaken; ind Mrs. Washington stanch lady that she waa, joined hln even at Valley Forge. The Intrigue against him he watch ed in stern silence till it was ripe and evident, then he crushed it with eud den exposure, and turned away in con tempt, hardly so much as mentlonlnj it In his letters to his friends. Theli own artiest zeal to advance theli views has destroyed thenC he said. The Idol of His Men. His soldiers he succored and tup plied as he could, hlmseU sharing theli u i(,9eseAe4-87W-- " Burgoyne waa by that time deep within the net spread for him at Saratoga. On the morning of the 4th of October, In n thick mist. Washington threw himself upon Howe's main force enoamped across the village street of Germantown, and would have overwhelmed it In the surprising onset had not two of his own columns gone astray In the fog, attacked each other, and so loat the moment'! opportunity. But an Empty Success General Howe knew very soon how barren a success he bad bad. The end of November came before he had made blmaelf master of the torts upon the Delaware below the "capital' and removed the obstructions from the river to give access to his fleet; the British power was broken and made an end of in the north; and Washington waa still at hand as menacing and dangerous as ever. Dr. Franklin was told in Paris that General Howe had taken Philadelphia "Philadelphia has taken Howe," he lnughed. Winters at Valley Forge. Howe safely Philadelphia kept through the' winter, and his officers made themselves easy amidst a round of gayetles In the complacent town, while Washington went to Valley Forge to face the hardships and th intrigues of n bitter season. A deep demoralization fell that win ter, like n blight, upon all the business of the struggling confederacy. The congress, in Its exile at York, had lost Its tone and Its command In affairs. It would hare lost It as completely In Philadelphia, no doubt, for It waa jio longer the body It had been. Its heat member were withdrawn to serve their respective states in the critical business, now everywhere in hand, of reorganizing their government; and It Itself was no government at nil. hut almply n committee of advice. which the states heeded or Ignored as they pleated. Congress Without Power. Oftentlmes but ten or twelve members could be got together to transact Its business. It suffered Itself to tall Into the hands of Intriguers and see tlonal politicians It gave commit-slontn th army not according ts merit, but upon n plan carefully devised to advance no more officers fro one section than from another even men like John Adama approving. Adama denounced claims of senior-Itand service as Involving "one of the most putrid corruptions of absolute monarchy." and suggested that the officers who did not relish the Idem of seetng the several states given "n share of the general officers pm portioned to tha number of troops they had sent to th army, had better take themselves off. and see how little they would he misted. . Plot to Displace Chltf. Worst .of"ail,'"n "ugly--' plot" " Vri batched to displace Washington; tad s expected Howe; and there wae stubborn fighting about Saratoga (September 19, October 7), ta which Arnold once more made bis name in battle But the odd were too greet; supplies were cut off, his troop beaten; there waa nothing for it but capitulation (October47). Ha had been trapped end taken by a rising of the country. Washington Outgenerals Howe. Howe had not succored him, partJudgment and ly beeausa-halaokf- d capacity, partly because Waahlngton had thwarted him at every turn From bis position- - at MorrUtewarWhahing- tea could send reinforcements to the ticrth'W Tecail thara at ' will,' --without strioue delay; and Howe in his beak- possible. . L privations, and earning tbelr love ai Naked and starvlni hi served them as they are," he wrote, "we cannot suf fldently admire the incomparable pa titnee and fidelity of the soldiers. And even out of that grievous win Hand some profit waa wrung. some sums of French money had be gun of late to come slowly Into th confederate treasury for France, foi the bonce, was quick with sympathy f America, and glad to lend secret aid against an old foe. Presently, shi premised, she would recognize the independence of the United State, and herself grapple once more with Eng land. Foreign Officers Volunteer. Meanwhile French, German, and Pol izh officers hurried over sea to serve u volunteer with the raw armies ol the confederacy adventurers, some ol them; others sober veterns. gentle men of fortune, men of generous and noble quality among the rest the boyish Lafayette and the distinguished Steuben. (TCt. BE CONTINUED.) r Economy In the Household. A writer in Good Housekeeping tells hSw be reduced the cost of living In his own household. . He began first where a man would usually begin last on his cigars, saving $78 a year on eieo-tri(his Item. Economy in gaa and aav next th formed largest light big 169. Shaving, shampooing and lunches were cut $53., The list doe not show any peraonal sacrifices" on the part of th economizers wife perhaps because she had already dons her share In the sacrificial Una Small Heme for Families. Chicago's City club, an unofficial organization, has asked architects, engineers and sociologists to submit plans for the development of 160 acre ol Chicago suburb! so as to accommodate not mor than 1480 families. This would gtv each family of an acre of ground, a portion of which would be a building lot and portion, would be In streets and one-eight- parka "Sclintlflo Management. The totalled "scientific methods ol management" aim to get facte not only about machines and . materials but men and women. They strive to adjust the worker to the work; te train him la it; to equip him for Jti to provide everything needed for Its easy sod wasteless pecfortnncn;and to recompense him well for' the larger product made. Atlantic Monthly mwu acumcaa it 3 SECRET III DEMOCRAT . SENATE CAUCUS ON TARIFF MEA8URE BEHIND CLOSED DOORS. ROBS DEBATE OF INTEREST Only Two or Throe Senators of Ruling Party Will Voice Their Objections in Publie Material Changes Will Be Few. By' GEORGE CLINTON. Washington. If the Democratic caucus in the senate, held for the purpose of discussing the tariff biU and of binding the members to support it as a party measure, were not held behind closed door the country probably would be given the details of the moat interesting incident connected with the present tariff debate in the senate. The Democrats, for what they say are adequate reasons, have declined to follow the example which the Progressives and later the Republicans set by holding open caucuses. It is very likely that the only thing really exciting in connection with the tariff debate Is the Democratic caucus in the senate, far when the bill gets to tbe floor it virtually will be assured of united Democratic support, except for that of two or three senators made temporarily alien to their party by sugar and wool. In the caucus room when the doora are closed the rarious members say what la in their hearts against different schedules of the bill and thus one could get, if he could hear, a perfect line on individual Democratic upper house opinions on the subject of a measure which ' nearly all the Democratic senator will support on a final vote. If there were several Senator in tbe present senate interest might hold ita own in the coming tariff debate even if it la the third or fourth one of recent history. Dolli-ve- r is dead, however, and there ia no man just like him on either side of the senate's center aisle today. Mr. Penrose, the Republican leader, will offer amendment after amendment to the Democratic measure and these will call for lengthy debate, because there is no way of abutting It off, but the "give and take" on most of the things which the Pennsylvanian will offer almost unquestionably will be found to be In words Identical with those used oq former occasions. If They 8ald What They Thought What would make the debate tn the senate really exciting would follow the granting of permission by the party leaders to every Democratic senator to say openly just what he feels like saying about the different schedules of this bill to which' the president of the United 8 tales has given his sanction and over the passage of which he holds party authority. The two Louisiana senators can be depended upon to say tome things not entirely sweet about sugar, and it is probable that John Sharp Williams, whose tongue is keener than hia middle name, will add some pointed words about what he considers the inequalities of the bill which his Alabama friend has sent over coupled with a request to put it through expeditiously. Certain dispatches recently had it that Senator Owen of Oklahoma intended to Introduce a resolution to amend the senate rules so that debate could be shut off at any time, as It ia possible to do in the bouse of It is not likely, it is representatives. said, that the Oklahoman could command ten vote from either or both parties on such a proposition. Few Material Changes Likely. In the Democratic caucus, the walls of the room having no ears, the senators aay what they please about the bill. It is known to every person who has had opportunity to get senatorial opinions on the measure that if each Democratic senator could have hia way in the matter the bill on its passage would look so little like tbe bill on its Introduction that Mr. Underwood would pass it by unrecognized. The measure probably, however. will undergo no material alterations. Some chanr-- s will be made In the bill by tbe lflance committee of the senate, but if those which already have been suggested are a sample of those yet to be made it can be said that the measure from the low tariff man's point of view will be helped rather than injured by the changing process. President Wilson has been asked about some of the changes which It Is proposed by tbe finance committee to make and he has agreed. This makes It certain that the variations will be equalizing in nature or will make for lower rates. The president seems to be complete master of the situation in the senate. Fitness the Teat for Office. Democratic senators and represents-tlveby force of an intimation which amounts to an order from President Wilson are undertaklng the Diogenes task with something added. They are trying to find men to Recommend for otfice ggr are not only honest but fit. and a; vntly they are having a job' ae cases. of It in There is restivenesa if not resentment evident, among the Democratic officials who think they ought to have something eoming to them te the wejr of patronage "with no sharp quessxeL" They, trudge the tion waya to the cabinet members' Offices day'&fti dayjrlth, the names on their tongues tips of favorite Democrats recking preferment. The names Dol-live- -v- a-rious . 9 wsjt naKt'QasdFMwoamBanami FIGHTS J . a - in only a few cases tha far have fall-- a ears. The on readily qyeceptiv members of the presidents official family seemingly know how useless it is for them to go to the White House as the sponsors for men whose ability and character records cannot stand scrutiny, and so they are sifting out the names of men before tbeir judgment seats Here it is nearly into the fourth month of the present administration and barely a biker's dozen of the great offices have been filled through appointment by the president of the United States The loaders In con gress have given over all through, apparently, that Mr. WKson is folding he finds nominations until up out how the senators Intend to vote on the tariff and the curiency They say that they have come to the conclusion that tbe White House Is square" tn what it says about fitness for preferment, and that none but the fit need apply or be applied for Some Leader Are Caustic. Occasionally the Democrats of authority and place who seek office for othefa get a trifle caustic in their comments on the administration's attitude toward them and their friends They say it may be only ant accident, but that most of the men already appointed to offices are original Wilson" men. It remains, however, for the critics of the president's course to point out more than one or possibly two original Wilson men who have been given preferment and who have not been able to qualify under the ability clause of Mr. Wilson's private pronouncement. The Democrats say that with spring crowding hard on the heels of sum mer, all the big offices should be held by Democrats, but that as things are now the Democratic administration ia doing its work hemmed in and In part regulated by hold-ove- r Republican officials. Tbe Democrats do not like it. but their resentment is not likely to take on an aggressively severe form. There are a dozen places In the attorney general's department which the Democrats would like to give to the faithful, but as yet there is no To Let" sign hanging above the desks ot the men who were appointed under a Before Dem previous administration. ocrats can get these assistant attorney general jobs the Republican lawyers and the few Democrats who were appointed by a Republican administration and therefore are considered proper subjects for removal, must be separated from their jobs. Washington Press Club. President Woodrow Wilson has accepted honorary membership, as have most of the presidents before him. In several Washington clubs. The only club in this city to which the president belongs and in which he pays dues like any other member is the National Press club. He is eligible as an author to membership in thla organization, which has just celebrated its fifth anniversary and has published its sixth year book. There are no honorary members ol the National Press club. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan, Secretary of the Navy Josephua Daniels and Secretary of the Interior Frankg members lin K. Lane are cf the club, and they hare secured membership in it because of theli editorial Washington experiences. newspaper men feel rather proud ol thJr press club and they have set forth some of Its merits as they view them in the year book which has just come from the press. This newspapei men's organization is a financially It has a balsuccessful institution. ance in the bank and it la looking for ward to the day when it can build a home of its own. The writer and compiler of the attractive year book probably does noi overstate matters when he says: The Hobby Night discussions in which lit erary light, scholars, scientific and celebrated professional men of differ ent spheres have participated on invitation, have proved to be not only highly entertaining, but educations) for tbe country at large. A great east ern newspaper recently said editorially that the National Press club, through the Hobby Night Innovation, ha done the people of America and the world of notable aervlce. Some Hobby Night Speakers. Among the men who have participated in the "Hobby Night discussions at the Press club are President Wil son. who spoke on his hobby to the newspaper men while he was still governor of New Jersey; James Bryce, former British ambassador to the Unit ed States; former Secretary of Franklin MacVeagb; Maj Gen. Leohard Wood, Joseph G. Cannon, Champ Clark, Dr. Harvey W. Wiley, Admiral Peary, the discoverer ol the north pole; Count von Bernstorff, the German ambassador to the United States; John Phillip Sousa, and many others of national and world fame. In the course of the year the Presi club's quarters are viBlted by new paper men of prominence from all over the world. Its list Includes the names best known to modern journalism, and the list is not confined to the names of Americans. The club maintains a special guest commit tear whose duty it 1 to invite distinguished men who happen to visit Washington to accept the organize tlon's hospitality and to talk tolhe member upon subject which they hold closest at heart. There are no cloeed sessions" ol the National Press club. Men who are invited to expresa their view on Hobby Night. or any other night, art told in advance that they muat aay --nothing which they are thall be published. , Thus warned in advance no speaker ever yet baa mad and he baa been rble to glT9to,jth,M wzjRaperaof. the.ccuntry., his views upon major subjects of nw tlonal dues-payln- non-reside- not-willi- ng |
