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Show Souvenir Edition PIPE SPRING Continued from Page 22 extracted from the Vermilion Cliffs, the structure contained y two rectangular, connected houses by high walls with wooden gates forming a court yard. The lumber for Winsor Castle came from Mt. Trumbull, and some from John D. Lees sawmill at Skutumpah. Winsor Castle wras completed in 1872 and, with a lack of unrest in the area, never housed troops, nor was there ever a need to defend the structure. The Mormon Church, however, utilized the structure as headquarters for their tithed cattle herd, which fed on the grasses of the Arizona Strip. As part of the tithing operation at Pipe Spring, 80 to 1 00 head of cattle were milked on a daily basis. The milk was taken into the spring room of Winsor Castle, where it was processed into cheese and butter which, for the most part, was taken into St. George with several head of beef cattle for distribution amongst work missions two-stor- there. Several months prior to completion of the structure. Winsor Castle became the Arizona Territorys first telegraph-station- , which was unique in the fact that it never served the rest of Arizona. The only Arizona Station of the Deseret Telegraph, centered in Salt Lake City, opened for business on December 15, 1871. Ending the isolation of Pipe Spring, the telegraph was used until the late 1880s, when it was replaced by a telephone. In addition, to ending the isolation of the Arizona Strip, the telegraph provided an important service to the U.S. Geological Survey. Throughout the 1870s, famed Colorado River Explorer, Major John Wesley Powell, utilized the Deseret Telegraph in Kanab and at Winsor Castle to maintain contact with Washington, D.C., and at times, based his survey party at Pipe Spring, while gathering geographic and topographic information on the area. His survey parties were in the area of Pipe Spring in 1872 and 1878, where they worked to determine the boundaries between the territories of Utah and Arizona. Major Powell also worked to establish the Smithsonians Bureau of Ethnology, recording and photographing many of the early customs of the Paiute Indians. Major Powell is also credited for naming the Vermilion Cliffs and Mt. Trumbull. The Kanab Area Vacation Guide However, for the most part, Pipe Spring and the Arizona Strip were associated with the cattle industry. In 1873, the operation Churchs at Pipe Spring became the Winsor Castle Stock Growing Company, also under the direction of Anson Perry Winsor, who left Pipe Spring in 1875. In 1879, Charles Pulsipher, then manager of the herd at Pipe Spring, ran 2,269 head of cattle on the Strip. The range, however, was starting to deteriorate. In the late 1 870s, Clarence Dutton of the U.S. Geological Survey, rode through the area, noted the change and blamed it on a combination of overgrazing and diminishing rainfall. Also in 1879, the operations at Pipe Spring were absorbed by the New Canaan Stock Company. Then, in the 1880s, the opera - j im 11 1 tions at Pipe Spring were placed under the management of Edwin D. Woolley, w'ho with the help of his wife Flora, maintained Winsor Castle and the Churchs cattle. A large variety of trees were planted to provide shade to Winsor Castles occupants, and it was under the Woolley administration that the telegraph was replaced by the telephone. However, disapproving with the early Churchs doctrine of polygamy, Congress soon began passing laws against the practice. Therefore, also under the Woolley administration, Pipe Spring and Winsor Castle, as did the Arizona Strip as a w'hole, became a hideout for those individuals escaping prosecution. Despite the situation with polygamy on the Arizona Strip, the cattle operations continued. And then, in 1896, the Mormon Church sold ' .' Hr 'r i if l vr- - V. t!s Pipe Spring National Monument's Winsor Castle was home to a cattle ranch. Winsor Castle and its 160 acres to David Bullock and Lehi Jones. That same year, the Arizona Strip experienced a severe drought, and the cattle industry of the area failed. In 1906, after passing through several individuals hands, Pipe Spring was sold to Jonathan Heaton and Sons from nearby Moccasin. However, the grasses and the cattle industry never fully recovered, though the water at Pipe Spring remained a valuable commodity. In 1916, the President of the United States set aside the land surrounding Pipe Spring as a Public Water Reserve. Then, in August of 1922, the first director of the National Park Service, Stephen T. Mather, was forced to spend a night near Winsor Castle, his car having broken down on the road near Pipe Spring. Jonathan Heaton and his son, Charles Heaton interested Mather in the site and its history. On May 31, 1923, Warren G. Harding, President of the United States, proclaimed Pipe Spring a National Monument, making Winsor Castle the first historic structure placed on the National Register of Historic Places under the administration of the National Par. Service. Since then, three of the buildings at Pipe Spring have been restored and furnished in period fashion. Today, Park Rangers, dressed in historic costume, provide tours of Winsor Castle and interpretive programs. Historic structures are open 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. daily, and visitors to the Monument should allow at least one and one half hour for their visit. In addition, there is a $2.00 per person entrance fee for adults seventeen and older. North Kaibab Ranger District Recreation Opportunities rhe North Kaibab Ranger strict, part of the Kaibab ational Forest, is located in izona just south of the Utah rder. The North Kaibab ovides a full range of recre-io- n activities and experiences ar round and is the gateway the North Rim of the Grand myon National Park. The nbab Plateau rises up off the izona Strip providing cool mmer fun in the pine, aspen, spruce forests, and remote ,rdic skiing and snowmobiling the winter. Overnight facili .d ties include two lodges with restaurants, stores and gas stations, and three campgrounds. Anyone can camp free anywhere on the national forest if you want to be on your own without any facilities. There are hundreds of miles of backcountry roads for exploring. The Kaibab Plateau-Arizon- a Trail extends from the north end of the district 65 miles south to Grand Canyon National Park. Enjoy this trail by foot, horse, or mountain bike as it travels through pine, aspen, spruce-fi- r forests with scenic meadows and views of Marble Canyon. Two wilderness areas are on the east and west sides of the Plateau providing spectacular views and hiking. Stop by our new Kaibab Plateau Visitor Center at Jacob Lake for the latest information on overnight accommodations and fun things to do during your stay. We even have evening campfire programs in our campgrounds open to all visitors. |