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Show Kirlfftlloa f Tr Ax Investigation recently. It tugu rated by ths United States Dspar of Agriculture promises If sue pel tbe Public to promote the growing of I Missionary Progress. Tie Quiver has been making tome estimates of the missionary wurk ac- compllshed during the century by Great Britain. Taking the leading organisation! alone, the Church Missionary society. So lety for the Propagation of the Gospel, London Miesion-arsociety, Baptist society, Colonial Chur b nod Continental society Church of England Zensua society and Universities Central Afruan Mia slon, it finds that "they have raised and sent 8 OoO wwkeri $205,000,000 into the field. There are also thirty smaller aocletl enjoying the admlnls jtratlon of ITjOO.OOO at the present The total amount time. It Baysf funds raised for toreign mlsstoni work In Great Britain during the If we add this ts is $255,000,000. the amounts, already noticed in othsi branches of work vis : $75 000.000 foi property, $260,000,000 for work among y - cen-tur- young people and children we i-- t the astounding total of $500,004,000 raised 'la ths space of one hundred years, ot equal to the total of last year's revenue In Great Britain' The Quiver's eat mates would have beru complete and more satisfactory If It bad been given soma approximate estimate of the results which have been accomplished by this Immense financial outlay. J t Would Signal to Is tbs Irrigation ot tea bom Dr' C' u' Mar s. tVants Antl-K.ldnap- er r5ln " seilles. Strashurg, Parts, Amsterdam, These Copenhagen and Stoikholm. lights would reproduie an outline of luminous points the same In arrangement as that presented by tbs stars forming the constellation of the Oreat e northern Bear, or Big Dipper, sky. The Martian seeing this might rwptmd with another such figure, and thee communication would be set Bp between the intelligent being In the two planets. Professor Flammarlon ts the most enthusiastic ot the astronomer! who are interested ln Mare. He firmly believes that the planet la ln- in-th- PROFESSOR OIJtMMARlON. The Fmbeemlements in 1900. Although the emhexslementa ot 1600 show a decided Increase over those of 1869, It I to he considered that the total of last year was the smallest In 2$ years. The figure for 1900 are as compared with $2,118,371 Is 1890, an Increase of $2,383,761. Large aa this sum appears. It Is far below the average ot the last 21 years, which la $7,339,806. A European Custom s Vnn. The losses for the year are distributed as follows: Stolen by public officials, $1,183,(78; from hanks, 3L8S7.W1; by forgeries, $151,906; agents, $271,878; from loan associations, $136,100; by employ, $34,437; miscellastealing, $982,390. Bank em- poetofflo neous ployes havs the unenviable reputation of heading the black Ust.and more than three-fourtof the bank total was taken by six employee, la Newport hs (Ky.), Fort Worth (Tex.), Elisabeth-po- rt Buffalo (N. T ), Rutland (VL). and New York city beaks, n; dec conditions which would not have existed had the embexxlers been under proper surveillance and the banka been (N. J.), conducted upon safe business meth- ods. There Is nothing discouraging ln the Paul Leroy Beaulieu, a French econ- Increaae for the year, however, aa It to omist who enjoys a high reputation, still far below the average. The comespecially at a writer on monetary paratively small sums era bee tied are questions, la one of those who think an evidence of the general prosperity It desirable for European countries to of the country. In 1883-8- 4 the totals form an economic federation to meet were $6,504,000 and In 1863-9- 4 the commercial development ot the and these were hard times United States. In a letter to the V- years. ienna Tageblatt Mr. Beaulieu declare that this country Is on the point of Premier of Australia, becoming by far the moat important Edmund Barton, the statesman who economic! factor In the world, it may has accepted the work of organising hencefo'rth be regarded as (he first Infirst federal government of Austrathe dustrial nation, and Its superloilty will was the leader of the movement lia, become more strikingly evident year which resulted In by year." the federal convention. He baa been Indianapolis Sensation. long a prominent Here is a portrait of , William TOSH In - Australian Emythe ot Indianapolis, the mysterious He ts a shooting of whom in his office last politics. of Sydney .5 1 native week, has caused widespread Interest. II years old, and for- Mr. Smythe was secretary of the stats many years has been an able lawyer In New South Walee. Among the men who early ad- - Edmund Barton, vocated the necessity of federation of the Australian colonies, Mr. Barton was conspicuous. He has been not unjustly styled the father of the new commonwealth. 4, - The Ai "Railroad Policy. The total railway mileage of tha United States Is 190,000 miles. Ot that over 45,080 miles Is owned by roads whose policy le controlled at this time by J. Fierpont Morgan by virtus of his own holdings and ths confidence reposed In him by English bondholders and by certain Americans who are large holders of railway securttlea. Mr. E. H- - Harrlman and his associates control railroad systems, chiefly west ot the Mississippi, which havs a mileage of over 24,700 miles. There are roads which art not subject to the control of either of these railway kings, hut whose managers approve of their The Pennsylvania and Santa policy. Ft are the more Important ot these outside roads. -- WILLIAM H. EMYTHE. He claimed grand lodge of Masons. that a strange woman did the shoot- - Mast Tay Doctor's Dills. Two of the physicians who attended Mr. Goebel in his last sickness and the lawyers who represented him ln tils contest before the legislature are going to sue his brothers for fees. Ths brothers, Arthur and Justus Goebel, thought from ths great sympathy expressed for their brother in Kentucky when he was killed that there would be no chargee for medical attention. They etate this and seem surprised that they should now be called oa if pay. the any part the South temperature does not usually fall' is.ow Feud That Has Waged Incessantly Fop Several Tears. 25 F., and never A Capital Find. Congressman Roberts, ln oo notation with his work as a committeeman, reroom In cently discovered a forgotten th eapltot hack of statuary halL It was full ot old books, and during the ynf yss used ai a hospital. An old stove and some split wood were found. Just as they were left over thirty years ago. A soldier's blouse, full of dust dnd moth eaten, hung on a gas Jet The air. was stiffing and the lotk.on ths door had almost rusted off. faUs below sero, A dispatch, printed in the newspapers last week, although it attiart-- d little attention, was Important ai Chronicling the renewal of which, exempt for a few Intervals, baa raged tor the last half dosen year a fiercely as the fighting between the Boers and English ln South Africa, or between the Boxers and the allies In Chino. This Is the war of the herder and pun -- hers, or the sheep and cattle men of the west. That a herd of 3,000 sheep were driven over a precipice and nearly all kflled would seem to people who know Uttl of the contentions between the aowmen and sheep raiser, or of life In the west, an act of unparalleled barbarity. However that may be, It wsa only repetition of similar acta of tea can be successfully grown, bu that In order to make It a complete stecess ln all cases Irrigation Is necessary. The great obstacle ln the way of making this Industry a commercial success Is the cost of production, and the readiest means of reducing this cost ts to Increase the yield per acre. If more pounds per acre can be grown. It Bieans leas cost per pound for fertilizers and for cultivation. Picking will also be made cheaper because leas ground will " have to be traversed. The need of Irrigation to stimulate the growth pf foliage Is shown by comparison of the rainfall at Summerville with that of other district. Thle Is given ln Dr. Shepards report and shows that the precipitation during the season at that point Is only about one-ha- lf to of that of the distrlctsaf-lndl- a and China. Summer ville Is within twenty mRes of Charleston, H. C. The rainfall at Chariton from May to September la only 31.3 Inches, while the rainfall of tha teagrowing districts of India and Chins for the same period varlea from 60 to 111 Inches. Through the of Dr. Shepard and Elwood Mead, tha irrigation eipert of th Office of Experiment Stations, plans have - been made for the construction of a storage reservoir sufficient to hold water enough for a seasons Irrigation ot one of the tea gardens. This reservoir will be Ailed from a well dug to a depth of twenty feet and supplied by tha underflow of a neighboring stream. Tbs tea garden to be irrigated is planted In row five feet apart These rows hav a fall ot four inches ln one hun dred feet, which give ample fall for distributing water and tor nnderdraln-ag- e should this prove necessary. In order to test . the. relative .merit of surface and about one-haot this plat will be watered by means ot tile placed one foot beneath the surface and laid down between the row. The distance between these tiles will therefore be five feet, and the water will have to percolate laterally two and one-hafeet to moisten the ground around the plants. Another portion of the garden will be irrigated by surface furrows run on each side and one foot from the plants. In order to test the difference between the growth and productiveness of 1$ Irrigated and pofnSis'a small part of this garden will be left unwatered. An Interesting feature connected with this extension of Irrigation Is ths fact that a part of the farm on which tea la being grown was formerly devoted to the production of Indigo and was irrigated. The production of this crop finally became unprofitable and wa abandoned, but the remains of the ditches can yet be seen. It will probably require several years to fully determine the extent to which this form of agriculture can be extended ln the south. Even aitbout th aid of Irrigation tea has been grown with profit, but If, as Is believed, a material Increase can be made la tha yield through the addition of this stimulus, and improvement In the quality of the product as wcl, there la little reason to doubt that the time la near at hand when this country will retaliation that have been frequent hsve made another significant addiSince these two classes began to come tion to Its capacity to be entirely Into collision on the ranges. The average person will naturaly wonder why there should be such aniw Swth'Cmtml DlAtn. mosity between two classes of men enThe census report of domestic anigaged ln similar pursuits In a country mals, Just published, credits Illinois been termed the with 238,650 horses, of which 233,807 --which has always free and boundless west, where every are animals two years old and over. man was supposed to have an equal Of the remainder 2.237 are colts of one chance' with every other, and wh-year and under two ears.- - It la Incredible that the supply of colts uuder there was room for all. one year is only 2.6t6,Sut it Bervee to 'Td the beginning "there was "plenty emphasize the predictions of ths of room for all, but there came a time Farmers Review relative to a horse when tha tattlers cut up the country famine one of these days. Indiana has Into farms and the land available for a still smaller stock, according to this free pasturage shrunk until there was report, the number of horses over two room only for the strongest. years of age being 124,072. the number But this was not the real cause of of colts one year and under two, 1,448, Che contentions between sheepmen and and of colts under one year, 1,737, The cowmen. It aroae from the difference Missouri horse statistics are not much between the two classes of live stock. better, vlx.: Horses two years old and Cattle atlck closely to their ranges, over, 124.952; colts one and under two and, no matter how they scatter, they years. 1,064; colt3 under one year, can usually be found within reasonMichigans supply of able distance from home. horses Is given as 100.410; of colts ISmt Rota Pasture Fields. one and under two years. 823; of colts o Sheep, on the other hand, are nom-dlunder one year, 872. Ohio has 3 across march and gregarious. They 1.502 one year old ths country ln huge flocks, as many as and over, 1.811 under one year. Wis8,000 being cared tor by one man and consin 8$,446 879 colts one year and Under two years, and 874 a dog. But wherever sheep have fed the under one year. Iowa has 147J75 horses two years old and over, 3,667 eattle will not go. A flock of sheep a range, eating the grass one year and under two, and 3(83 colts will dean up under one year, a larger number of down to the roots, destroying the wayoung colts than Is credited to any tering place and leaving behind a other state. Kansas Is reported as having 81.687 horses two years old and over, 1,182 one yeai old and under BABBIT AND CAT. two, and 1.778 under one year. Tw Kentucky, so famed for Its horses Is allowed gins nteaSahlp Kiuti BUren 43 -Dwtm1 aim! 757 horses two years old and over, 685 to colts one year and under two, Dogs and cat hav been known tad 650 but for a cat and colts under one year, j friends, fast teoom j, comsaid to possess almost twicelnegota as many a rabbit to become Inseparable H. R. horse . a Kentucky, or 82.994 horses the of ordinary. out panions to ( rabtwo years ohl and over976 colts on Tons of 130 Archer street has a od 1,093 colts un3ar 1 Oder bit and a cat which are boon compander ou ear. ions The rabbit belonged to a neighbor of Joaan. One day It strayed into No can afford to hire ths Jonea yard and fot acquainted Peied help to look alter his cows. With th oat. saya th Denver Republic one-quart- er habited by creatures superior to men, and his writings in the subject full ot thrilling Interest. " t40 d Fund. islation against kidnapers ln states and territories where ths statutes do not provide for their punishment. lie expresses himself as being willing to contribute liberally to such a fund and believes $100,000 could easily be raised. h" j one-thir- Brown, manager of the St Louis branch ot the Coutintntul branch oNthe Continental Tobacco company and a dlrctor of the Mercantile 1 rust company of 3L Louis, has PAUL BROWN, come forward with a auggestlon that wealthy men of this country contribute to a permanent fund to be used In securing the arrest and cftaTe ot kidnapers. Mr. Browp'r Idea Is to provide rewards to officers ot the law and others who effect the capture of a kidnaper, Mr. Brown also suggests that th money could be used to obtain leg- Thj Shepar'l Professor Klammarlon doe. not S. C. Ths labors (I lieve the people of the plant Mars ar,TummerTtlls, PrUC trying to signal the earth The luml- b nous point, observed by rmfeesetr ! to tea, which will Douglas, he says, are due to sunlight ln futl clcb earth's on the of the cloud, ffe,t about 10,000 pounds. Last year 1 neighbor In space. KUinm .on sug- dneed about d ot thin anfpunt. gests that a g kxI way to attract the His have been c htln-ueInvestigations to ba would Liana attention of the Mai to make It manifest enough long arrange great lights at Bordeaux, Mar- that In of whe e I Paul tea- - at Plneiurst, But tn 1871 a herder took 2,000 sheep to Montana, which Increased hav since then to something like4,000,000. The wheep then took up claims along the (er courses, leaving to the cow men the dry land away from thi streams, which they had fenced off from the cattle. woolly odor that cattle wJl not toler.The loss of the enprmoua free ranges ate. is gradually turning the' cattle men The sheep est all the underbrush into farmers, who feed iSrtr cattle In end destroy the young trees, and the sheds ln the winter In the north with thounands of sharp little hoofs pa k corn, ln the south with cotton seed the soil, so destroying its porcsi'y tint and in making mere farm hands out ot the 'grass will not grow after they1 the once free and Independent cow hav passed. A single flLtk of sheep boys. will thus devastate a strip of land a The vast roaming herds of cattle art half mile wide; 10 flocks follow. ng one gone from the western plains forever, another ln parallel paths will db:roy and cattle raising has become the pro an area of grass land five miles wide saic business of turning grass and cor and hundreds of miles long. free range remaLns there may be found These facta, taken ln connection with into meat. However, wherever any tbs constantly shrinking pasturage, free range remains there may be found of ths supply the reasons why tbe cattle men tbe last expiring evidences hate the sheep raisers anil have tried former glory of the "cow business." to drive them from the land. In their Distinctly Different Type. contentions the cattle men have al-- I The physical and mental differences ways had the best of the fight, whTle between the cowboys and the sheep ' ng n, lf lf g. 185,-6S- l. 111-t- ef 1. the sheep herders seem to have the best of the argument. The days of the free range. when the grass belonged to whoever chose to take It, are numbered. When .the great western plains country was vir- gin land and pasture there was room for all. Hundreds of vast herds of cattle ranged up and down the land, never conflicting and seldom meeting. In tbe summer they drifted from Texas to the northern boundary of the when the J'Brtherxu-be-gato blow, heralding the approach of winter, the herds moved to the south country,-and" before It. Then came the settler.! and while he was despised by the cowmen as a nester," open opposition did nbt appear until he put barbed wire fences As the settlers around his place. grew In number tbe fencing off of the range became a. serious menace to the cowmen. .. '' Little Free lend Left. Little by little the settlers encroached, until now the only free ranges left for the cattle are ln Western Kansas and Nebraska, the western! portion of Washington and Oregon,1 Colorado and parts Montana, a small portion of Utah and ths land leased from the Indians ln ths Indian Territory. Ths great Texas ranges are owneor leased by the cattle men, aatffey are In many of the western states. an. The admiration was mutual. They became ths best ot friends, and from tbe minute the rabbit met the cat It has not been to its own home. For more than a year the two have been together, eating from th same dish and sleeping together ln a box ln the rear of the yard. The cat will not. play with other cats, but makes a companion only of the rabbit They romp about the yard together and nbxf and then the cat will climb a tree. v Th,g dogs of the neighborhood have learned to hasp out of the Jones yard. For RANCH AND SHEEP HERDERS CART L KILLING BEEF FOR CAMP 3. BRANDING CALVES herders are as great as those of their respective callings. From the very nature of his occupation ths cowboy U a wild, free being. He breaks the savage and almost untamable ponies to the saddle and then rides them. HU work is swift and vigorous, and his charges are tha great, strong, free bulls and cows that have never known the touch of the human hand. He lives aud endures hardships with others of hlg kind, and his pleasures are as fierce as his work. His U the strenuous life. The sheep herder, on the other hand, pursues his solitary occupation afoot his only companions being a dog and the thousands' of stupid sheep, which have no Individuality, and are madThe' deningly, monotonously alike. very loneliness of his occupation has made the herder either a morose and sullen brute or a poetic dreamer, with all the fight worn out of him. rvow tbHp Are Often guile. The west still rings with the storien of the conflicts between the cow men and the sheep raisers. When the flocks began to grow in the west the cow men fought the herders as individuals. Their resentment waa at first merely personal. Whenever a cowboy found a flock of sheep on the range he stood off and with his rifle picked off sheep after sheep until he had exhausted his ammunition. When he could shoot no more he rode off. greatly pleased to thlnkthat he had left behind a badly sc&ed shepherd and had caused n loss to the sheep owner. If the herder showed fight he, too, was killed. A clever cowboy discovered a aura method of scattering a flock of sheep and making It move on. He gathered up a few hundred head of wUd steers, and with his companions drove them pall mell through a flock. This maneuver wa usually so successful that It became a favorite source or amusement for the punchers. ' one to come Into the yard and approach the rabbit Is canine suicide. The cat bristle up at once and makes It so Interesting for the Intruder that ha la always glad to'scaje the fence and I get la the street, ' lte An Dead." Joe Mulhatton may be Incapacitated for work, hut he has some very apt Imitators growing up In the southwestern country, whence so many wild, weird stories come. Minneapolis Tribune. ' s - r |
