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Show THE UNIVERSll'l' JOURNAL·• SOU'.l'.1mRN:t.rrAB UNI.VERSITY • MONDAt, JULY l, 1995 Scientists see energy that struggled to escape black hole By MALCOLM RITTER AP CIB CE WRITER NEW YORK (APJ - Scientists have discovered cosmic X-rays bearing th mark of a very close bru h with a black hol , providing the close t I k yet at a black hole' aw ome power. The X-ray waves were stretched out by fighting the enormous gravit ional pall of the hol , astronomer Andy Fabian said. The finding means that the gravitational pull can now be studied wher it i near it strongest, and further work may reveal new clues about uch questions a how material falls into a black hole, he said. "This is the first time we're actually making measurements where we can clearly say that we're dealing with matter that's close to a black hole," said Fabian, an astronomy professor at the Cambridge University Institute of A tronomy in Cambridge, England. Previou research had focused on the fa weaker gravitational tugs being exerted on matter much farther away from black holes. The X-rays were emitted by gas sucked in a spiraling plunge toward the black hole and moving at about 60,000 miles per second, around one-third the peed of light, Fabian and other cientists report in the current issue of the journal Nature. The observation were made with American instruments aboard a Japanese atellite. The observed effect of the gravity on the X-ray waves is a characteri tic signature of black boles, the researchers said. The bla k hole, which lies in the middle of a galaxy, is about 150 million light-years away in the direction of the outhem Heml pbere constellation Centaurus. A light-year is th di tance light travels in a year, about 5.9 trillion miles. Jame Moran, a senior radio astronomer at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mas ., called the work "very exciting" and said uch studies might produce better understanding of what black holes look like. Alan Dressler, an astronomer at the Carnegie Observatories in Pasadena, Calif., said the study is a first step to exploring how black holes release enormous amounts of energy from sucked-in gas. A black hole is an extremely dense object with gravity so strong that nothing can escape from it, not even light. Scientists define the edge of a black hole as the gravitational "fence" that encloses the area of no escape, and they keep track of the distance from the black hole's center to this fence. Th new work picked up the distorted X-rays from gas spread out between three to IO times that distance from the black hole's center, researchers reported. 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