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Show X THE PAYSONIAN. PAYSON. UTAH, AUGUST 4, 1922 a stralght I.ne, then C-- will equal E, or so long as the working range VACUUM TUBE WHEN USED AS AMPLIFIER It Will Function Thus for Either Radio Frequency or Audio Frequency. Starting today we shall give a de- tailed description of the vacuum tube when used as an amplifier. This series, w In the past, Is continuous and If clipped out and saved will be convenient for reference. e When the vacuum tube was used as a detector, the circuits associated with It were such that where a symmetrical alternating difference was applied to the grid, symmetrical change In plate current resulted. That Is to say, the vacuum tube acted as a rectifier. In addition to rectifying, the tube also amplified. The variation In plate circuit was K, here K Is the amplification content of the tube, times what It would lave been in a tube, for lie same potential Impressed on the rld. By properly adjusting the electrical constants of the circuits associated with a tube, symmetrl- three-electrod- three-electrod- e falls within straight line portion of the characteristic curve, symmetrical changes In grid potential will cause symmetrical changes in plate current From this it can be seen that If the working point A" be selected near the bend of the characteristic curve, symmetrical changes in grid potential will not cause symmetrical changes In plate current. Since the plate current variation in such case would bear only slight relation to the grid variation In potential, the output of the tube would be distorted. In applying amplifiers to receiving sets used to pick radiophone stations, distortion is one of the greatest difToo strong ficulties to overcome. signals will result In decreased amIn Figure 23, If the applification. plied variation In grid potential were 10 times that shown In the example, the plate current would not change 10 times as much, because of the bends In the curve, due to saturation. Finally, a condition can be reached where the use of an amplifier tube will decrease the signal strength because of the saturation of the tube. The rectified Incoming signals would be louder without the use of the amplifier tube, because of the Inability of the plate current of the tube caused by saturation to Increase In proportion to the signal strength. There are, In general, two factors that can be taken from the characteristic curve and the second Is the length of the straight portion of the curve. The slope of the straight por Horticultural Hints S GCK Demonstration in Indiana County Successful Last Year That Another Is Planned. 30-ac- soy-bea- n "V " T ' ""u."' j-i- An Even '. S To Make Best Possible Returns Every Hen In Flock Should Be Layer-W- eed Out Culls. (Prepared by the United State Department of Agriculture.) Every boy or girl having poultry naturally wishes to earn as much money as possible. To do this every hen should be a good layer. All cock erels, except those kept for breeding purposes, as well as pullets that lack vigor and vitality, should be eaten, canned for home use, or sold as boob as they are large enough, says the United States Department of Agriculture. Selecting or weeding out the hens that are poor layers and picking out for market the cockerels least likely to develop Into good breeders Is commonly called "culling or culling for eggs and for market. The best thug to cull the hens is during August and September, usually from August 15 to September 15, for at that season it Is easier to determine which are the good layers and which ure boarders. At that time of year hens which show signs of laying or are laying and have not molted usually are the ones that have been the bet ter layers during the entire season, and the hen that lays best during her first year usually will lay best during her second and third years. She Is, therefore, the one to keep. It is not often advisable, however, toi keep hens of the heavier breeds, such as Flym outh Rocks, Rhode Island Reds and Brahmas beyond their second year, or the smaller breeds, such as the Leghorns and Aneonns beyond the third r $$ Bunch of Lambs, Showing Uniformity. of corn were picked up and some hogs and other live stock turned in to clean up the remainder. The growth of beans on the 6 acres planted with unlnociflated seed was decidedly Inferior to the remainder of the field. The demonstration this year will be the third one of this kind tin the one farm. The first year only 150 lambs were fed on the demonstration plat, but a profit satisfactory to the owner was made on them. MAKING TEST WITH PEANUTS Government Farm at Beltsvllls E perimentlng With Goobera as Fesd for Hogs. Grief Fberfa rtf- AlUI - clladevariations to of grid potential can be produce symmetrical variate plata current, which are K" times the amplitude of the plate circuit variations of a similar valqe with the same applied grid potential. This means that If a tbreeelectrode value be used In the Proper circuits In a radio receiver, the be made to appear as j Ignals can j hough the received signal Is "K iraes as strong as It actually Is. If wo tubes are used with their proper Ircults In conjunction with a radio Receiver the received signals will appear to be "K" tlmea as strong as they actually are and so the apparent strength of the Incoming signal is multiplied by "K" for each additional tube added to the receiver circuit. A vacuum tube used In conjunction with a circuit that will cause the plate current to vary In exact proportion to the applied grid voltage, but apparently caused by R" times the actual grid voltage variation. Is called an amplifier. If the tube functioning as an amplifier is used to amplify the incoming signal at radio frequency before It Is rectified by the detector, It Is termed a radio frequency amplifier. If the tube functioning ns an amplifier Is used after the Incoming radio frequency has been rectified by the defector. It Is termed an audio frequency amplifier. Returning again to the charactere vacistic curve of ttie uum tube, shown in Figure 23, notice its shape. Suppose that a positive1 potential was applied to the grid by means of a O" battery so that the tube would function at a A on the point represented by characteristic curve. If now the applied gtld potential from the "C" bat-jerbe reduced by an amount rep- In Figure 23 the sented by in plate cur-'en- t reduction orrespomllng On will be represented by tfie other hand If the grid potential Increased by on amount reprewhere equals sented by the corresponding Intense in plat tlon of the curve determines the amplification of the tuba The more nearly vertical the straight portion of the curve Is, the greater will be the change In plate current for given change In grid potential, or te other words, the louder will be the response In the telephone receivers corresponding to a given received signal. The length of the straight portion of the curve determines the maximum variation In grid potential that will cause the tube to function properly without distortion. CLEAN WATER At Muncle, Ind., bacon was fried by means ot a radio current. At last an explanation for that frying noise. Gifford Plnchot, nominated for governor of Pennsylvania by the vote of the people, acknowledges his great Indebtedness to the radio. A primary coll no doubt played an Important part. An Inventor of Chicago claims to have Invented radio apparatus that permits of successful communication with the spirits. We hope that the will not misinterpret this claim. The police department of Portland, Ore., has asked for an appropriation for radio receiving and broadcasting stations and to equip the police automobiles with radio apparatus. r wire. It Is needless guy, Coj-pe- w ill y B-- A-- current is A-- B-- C-- If the portion of the characteristic is curve In the region of IS NECESSART TIPS TO RADIOISTS three-electrod- A-- Is a soft, oily fat on a hog, produced by feeding peanuts, a characteristic that can be inherited and that will persist regardless of the nature of tits ration fed the offspring! That Is one of the Interesting questions to be Investigated by the United States Department of Agriculture at the experiment farm-a- t Beltsvllle, Md. Both ths bacon and lard types wUl be used, the former to be represented at ths start by 4 Tsmworth gilts and the latter by 4 Poland-Chln- a gilts. From weaning time until their first litters are weaned these eight gilts wUl be grown and fed on a peanut ration. From the time of weaning their pigs will be fed on some hardening ration, such as corn and tankage and will be compared with a check lot of pigs whose dams were fed on hardening feeds Instead of peanuts during their development and gestation periods. When the pigs have been grown out and finished, some of each lot will be slaughtered to determine whether there is any difference In the carcasses ; that Is, If the peanut ration fed to the inothero has made It more difficult, to put a hard flesh on the offspring with corn. i Growth In Nothing Discourages pulse" Quicker Than Hog Hanker, ing for a Drink. Pure clean water at all times at all times, remember is one of the necessities for all kinds of swine. Nothing so discourages the growth Impulse In a hog as wunderlng around looking for a drink of wuler when It la thirsty. high-spee- year, as they seldom prove profitable. You can learn all about the various tests necessary to pick out the good and the poor layers by reading Fanners Bulletin 1112, which can be obtained by writing to. the Division of Publications,' United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. PORTABLE Maks It Potsiblt to Keep Young ing Fowls on Fresh, Land. t Uncon-taminate- On a recent visit to a large practical poultry farm, It was observed that good use was being made of a number of portable poultry houses. These were of good size and were on runners made of heavy joists. The runners were braced against each other, so that a horse could be hitched to the front and the house hauled anywhere. This made It possible to keep the young growing birds on fresh, sod. which was always sending up a good lot of fresh grass. When the movable houses were pulled away from each place where they had been for a few weeks, the rains soon washed the droppings into the soil. This nourished the grass and improved the land. In no case was the sod eaten down till the ground was bare. For small chicks the same plant used small coops on two wheels that could easily be pushed from place to place by hand. In this way they never were troubled with gapes or contaminated soli. Salary Look out for lice when your ens look droopy and sleepy. Some breeders sows during the iu ing period. Experimentally, this suckprac-Ic- e lms given better results than band e ad lug. A. E. tor. PLEATING BUTTONS Aecordian. Side. Box Pleating, Hemstitching. Buttonhole. Kid Coreet Parlor. Salt Lake City. Button, 40 E. Broadway, BER T SUE PUBLISHES kind to your loTake your Soek Binding-a- ny cal printer. Leith' Trad Bindery. Salt Laka Type Metal. UTAH METAL WORKS. MTg' City. Salt Lak Ruskln though the future Nevertheless, may prefer to read Ruskln In selcto tions, k Is not conceivable that the present affectation to desplee so great a writer and so fine a spirit will persist. This generation may be tired of Ruskln, but the next will return to his noblest things with n new pleasure. He had an ear, passion, exquisite sensibilities, a wonderful eye for the minutest and the grandest colored forms of nature; and he made some of the most magnificent tilings In English prose, passages like the lament over St. Marks unsurpassed descriptions of pictures, landscapes, trees, flowers. Solomon Eagle. Bad Rick in Windows. Nearly every business contributes bits of specialized knowledge to the common fund. It will strike many persons as a curious piece of Informainsurance comtion that plate-glas- s panies class windows with black lettering on them as extra hazardous risks. The explanation given is that a black surface absorbs the suns rays. Ry this means, it Is stated, an unequal expansion is produced throughout the plate; and under the influence of a sudden gust of cold or any other quick change of temperature a strain Is developed which may break the glass. Put One Over. I threw over Tom Gmartley Wife for you. He was a clever, sensible feU Saved. When labor-savinmachinery was first Introduced, roost people opposed It, on the ground that It would throw e many out of jobs. Many an sewing machine salesman still carries buckshot In his legs, fired there by practical gents who objected to the devilish device that took work from seamstresses. Today we realize devices merely shift that labor-savin- g workers into new Industries and raise the standard of living. You see this illustrated in the American telephone system that does the work of 6,000,000 messenger boys. g old-tim- Brltieh Have Butterfly Farm In England there are several ferns t devoted entirely to the cultivation butterflies and moths. Didnt Enjoy It. Young Hartley was home for a few days from a cruise with the merchant marine. Well, said the man from the home town genially, how have you been enjoying maritime life, I havent been enjoying It at all, air, answered the youngster blushlag, she broke the engagement." Pioneer Enterprise. k It n Dry Land Farming Ddteil A Fruit Tree Braces. wire between and tighten by twisting with iron rod. Detail A shows that only a small portion of the limb comes In contact with the brace, thereby permitting good circulation. The braces need not he removed after once put on. They save the work and time f handling props twice a year and do not hinder cultivation as do the props. chick- Eat or sell off all your surplus cockerels before commencing on the pullets. The very early pullet Is apt to molt in the fall and V? no more profitable for laying purposes than the hen. Must Control Pests. i There Is no use In expecting the orchard to yield g tod fruit unless Insect pests and fungous diseases are controlled by spraying. Iut the coops for your little chickens its high in the yard as possible. A knoll covered with grass is preferable; then n sudden shower will not drown them. Standard r Standard spray Is made of a mixture of one pound to live gallons of water. '.J v; There U in Utah 400.00A term of dryland fam Half of thl acreage is now coder cultivation. Tha balance Is available oo easy termn. This sagebrush land Is In a climate of an enjoyable nature Families thrive there women delight In their attr fine rounding schools, neighbors, church cs and all the other things that make home life happy In a new country. I will send this interesting booklet to you FREE, all you need do Is sign you? name and address plainly below, enclose 2c stamp and the booklet will be in your hands at once. f HELEN BROOKS DEPARTMENT Box 1545, Sat Lake City, Utah 1 enclose two cents In stamps for return postage on a free copy of Acrre of Virjn Wheat Land 400, in Northern Utah Nam , Street Eternal Vigilance Pays Well. The market is never glutted with fruit thats carefully grown, packed, graded, and marketed. Eternal vigilance is the price of orchard profits, which in turn depend on the percentage of perfect fruit. () City State Will Never Grow Old young woman can't help thinking that she will nevr grow old, because long before the time eomes for that there w i.i lie a change in the laws of A Ha tu re. Lime-Sulphu- lime-sulphu- d Sows. uie very successful OLD8MOB1LE DEALERS WANTED In Utah. Idaho, No eada, Wyoming. Liberal comraieeion will end tepresrntatve on request. TOURSSEN-Dietrlbu- Dally Thought Some people are so fond of ttiat they run half way to meet Douglas Jerrold. 1 Where healthy fowls are used for breeding purposes, and they are housed In properly ventilated and ar ranged houses, and are fed a prnpei ration for the purpose In mind, dis use is practically a total stranger. FRUIT TREE BRACES The breakage of overloaded limbs can be eliminated if the limbs are bound together, writes J. B. Byberg te Orchard and Farm. Effective braces may be quickly made from sticks of wood, reinforced by nails (Detail B), end cut Into suitable lengths. Stretch d lfoV?Ai5 Increased prices and Increased crops are In store for the fruit growers who apply nitrogen to weak trees with light green or yellowish folluge. If the trees In orchards bearing heavy crops are not making a strong growth this year, they may not be able to size up the fruit and set strong buds for next year unless a little additional stimulation is given, advises the New Jersey agricultural experiment station. As lack of nitrogen Is generally the limiting factor in orchard soils, the Influence of this fertilizer Is felt almost immediately by fruit trees. On healthy peach and apple trees the foliage should be dark green, and any general light color on the foliage is usually the first Indication of the need of this fertilizer. It may be applied at any time that the trees show need of It. The usual recommendation on average apple soils is for the application of from 150 to 200 pounds of nitrate of soda and 400 to 500 pounds of acid phosphate, and on light 6olls 100 pounds of nitrate of soda In the early summer If the tree has a large crop and the foliage shows need of it. . This supplementary application should be mode now where needed. A part or all of the nitrate requirement may be ftirnished by manure at the rate of S to 12 tons per acre In the early spring, or by the use of sulphate of ammonia In quantities 25 per cent less than nitrate of soda. In peach orchards the same amounts of fertilizer are used. If the trees are very vigorous, a part or all of the nitrate Is often withheld until after the fruit is set. In the ease of weak trees It is well to apply it as the buds swell, when it will cause a larger percentage of the fruit to set, and force the trees Into early, vigorous, healthy growth. Heavy applications of nitrogen have their drawbacks. They frequently lower brightness of color somewhat and delay ripening a few days. Some growers use it for this latter purpose, especially on Elberta, In order to prolong the season. Nitrate of soda In proper quantities is also beneficial to young trees. Enough should be given to force them Into a vigorous growth, and early enough so that the wood will ripen well In the fall. When nitrate Is applied. It may be broadcasted In orchards In which the trees cover the ground well, but If the trees are far apart It may be applied to the tree, being scattered well out under the spread of the branches. Growers are advised by the experiment station to examine their orchards and make Immediate applications If necessary. By Binding Limbs Together Breakage of Llmbe Oen Be Avoided Easy to Make. Grow- When Hauled About on Trucks and on Railroads the More Expensive It Becomes. Cattle for Market. Success in growing cuttle for the market depends in large degree on the kind of calves Unit are produced No amount of proper feeding w III overcome mistakes in breeding and eoA formation. Balt Laka City COLLEGES D. S. BUSINESS COLLEGE. School of Efficiency. All eommercial branches. Catalog free. (0 N. Main 8t. Belt Lake City. OF MUCH BENEFIT . STRONG HOUSES ARE BEST PouLTBYNams lie used. Lord Xortlidlffe, fatnou English editor, In speaking of the future of Journalism, recently predicted that radio would have an effect upon the publication of newspapers that will equal the Invention of the linotype and press. He said that radio would undoubtedly come into generni cse of news, papers and newsgathering Club Member and His Flock of Rhodo Island Reds. FEED USED WHERE PRODUCED The purpose of feed is to feed livestock, and the more the feed is hauled bout in trucks and on railroads the more expensive It becomes. For this reason feed should usually be fed where It Is produced. BUSINESS for Trees. CULLING FOWLS FOR MARKET ful last year that plans have been made for a similar one this year, says a report received by the United States Department of Agriculture. Last year field was planted to corn and a lto San soy beans. The bean seed for All but acres was Inoculated. The beans were planted with a attachment on the corn planter at tha rate of 8 pounds an acre. When the corn and beans matured, 300 lambs, purchased for $6.65 a hundred pounds, were turned In to harvest them. The lambs were sold for $10.25 a hundred pounds, with a total profit of $866. After the lambs were removed from the field about 30 bushele OtrU. Denomlnition. Writ for Catalogue. Any LiQht Color on Foliage Is Indication of Need of Fertilizer S (Prepared by the United State Department of Agriculture.) A lamblng-of- f demonstration In La Porte County, Ind., proved so success- V1-- NITROGEN IS PROFITABLE F AH I. b LAMBING-OF- ROWLAND HALL j Returns From Strawberries. Surprising returns are received froi trau berries where they qr properly andlcd Acorns for Luck. 1 rom , times the acorn has leen laid a protection against light-nng- , a s the tops of nsany of our flag- tuffs, the nds of our cornhe poles, mr umbrella tasaria end our blml. orils fti'i ail. st. rm-ien- t |