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Show EditorialPage Feature al& Nixon's Plan for Shift of Head Start Setup popular Head Start preschool 11, 1969 NATO’S Challenge in Future There is much more to the gathering in Washington of foreign ministers from the 15 NATO nations than will meet the eye in a casual reading of the official communiques All too often in recent years the news out of NATO has emphasized only the problems repeated failures to bring troop strength up to planned levels for the European defense shield, the continuing disagreements with France and, most recently, the dilemma posed by the Soviet occu- pation of Czechoslovakia and Canada's decision to scale down its military contribution. The impreision frequently has been that the alliance is in imminent danger of disintegration. The opposite is the case, however, and the fact that the Washington meeting is taking place at all is evidence. It marks the organization’s 20th anniversary, something of a longevity record as alliances go. History can showfew,if any, similar examples of such a broad grouping of nations maintaining both their mutual independence and an effective alliance over such a lengthy period. This is not to gloss over NATO's flaws. It has never functioned exactly as blue-printed — human institutions rarely do. But it has served its original purpose with undeniable success, containing Communist expansion that in the years immediately following World WarI threatened to engulf all of program dramatizes his interest in child development — and avoids a nasty controversy within his administration and in ghettoes across the nation. Nixon said Feb. 19 he planned to shift Head Start by July 1 from its birthplace agency, the to the ¢ Opportunity Ith, Educa: tion and Welfare conscious Office of Educaporters of the Office of on contended that Head Department (HEW) He said then his admini: tion intended emphasis on development of Head Start spearhead of to place hea early childhood and preservation would be only the his plans. ng at Head Start controversy also threa- Nixon faliowed through Wednesday er with an announcement that Head Start would be lodged So They Say Living next to you is in some waylike sleeping with anelephant. No matter howfriendly and eventemperedis the beast, if I cancall it that, one is affected by every twitch and grunt. —Canadian Prime Minister Elliott Trudeau, during recent visit to the U.S. are trying to find a remedy in what they eat or wear, he said. “You can decentralize the ghetto and talk about community control, but if there isn’t a broad political movement outside to go to Congress to get federal funds, any degree of control is bound to be useless. The ghetto cannot be improved without a national commitment.” The reasons students are learning in Scarsdale and not in New York, said Rustin, is because Scarsdale is spending about twice as much money per child as New York. Yet in New York, he said, when the mayor cut the school budget, there wasn't a whimner because everyone was too busy fighting over who was going to control the ghetto, Congress had eliminated the “religious training” phrase in favor of a require- requirement that conscientious objection to military service must be based on lieve in a “Supreme Being.” Even that the military draft law’s “religious training and belief.” The judge found that the requirement violates the constitutional guarantee of free exercise of religion The Wysanski decision was a blow to Selective Service officials. If upheld, it could open the way to broader claims of conscience, including claims based on pacifism or on opposition to a par- ticular war, specifically the warin Viet nam. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey. the draft meni that conscientious objectors be- requirement fell afoul of the Supreme Court, however. Tn a 1965 case, the court ruled that a draftee could qualify as a conscien- tious objector without believing in a Supreme Being if his refusal to serve was based in a sincere and deeply held belief that paralleled a belief in God. Local draft boards were able to tive with that 1965 decision, but Congress decided not to live with it. In 1967, with anti-draft sentiment on the rise as a result of the Vietnam war, the director, has requested that the Boston case be taker directly to the Supreme Court for review. The Justice Depart House and Senate disregarded constitutional warnings and returned to the ment is reported to have agreed tothat rather unusual course of action. objection must be based on “religious Wyzanski said, in effect, that the 1967 draft law discriminates against young men who base a claim for C.O. status on deeply held moral beliefs which are not a part of formal religion. He suggested that John Heffron Sisson Jr., the draftee involved, was motivated by moral and ethical “table of ultimate values.” “This court, therefore. concludes that in granting to the religious conscientious objector, but not to Sisson, a special status, the (draft) act violates the pro- vision of the first amendment that ‘Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,’ the judge declared. His decision is effective only in the Massachusetts judicial district. But since the decision would invalidate a part of the federal law, the case can be appeal ed directly to the Supreme Court without action by the Circuit Court of Appeals. CONGRESS TO BLAME? — Congress may have put itself in a hole with the the fear that the Head Start's emphasis on parent participation, as well as health, nutrition and other noneducational factors, would be lost in the shuffle. 4 ‘ } In Lot of Negro SELMA, Ala (NEA) — By September, Selma public school Officials expect to have 500 Negroes in previously all-white schools instead of the 155 now enrolled. The number will rise to that level because a federal court has so ordered The significant thing is that Selma leaders look for tne change to occur without trouble. That prospect is a measure earlier requirement that conscientious training and belief.” In the light of the earlier Supreme Court finding with respect to religion as the only appropriate source of conscience, legal scholars here will not be surprised if the Supreme Court goes along with Wyzanski in opening up other ethical grounds VIETNAM REFLECTIONS — Sisson, a 22-year-old Harvard graduate had re- when George Wallace’s state troopers — wielding clubs — waded into Negroes just across the Edmund Pettus bridge and put Selma on the map in a way it never imagined would happen The federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 was the direct consequence of that bloody Sunday afternoon. Selma has been busy ever since, trying to recover from the trauma of that day and the attention-getting events which led up to it. Today, Negroes whose voting registration was slowed or blocked in 1965 represent 48 per cent of total registration in Selma’s Dallas County. Last fall they voted in substantial num- bers, overwhelmingly for Hubert Humphrey for president. Negroes already account for 54 per cent of the public school enrollment and this figure obviously will shoot up when the city meets the court’s demand for next fall. The old dual whiteNegro system is understood by leaders here to be on the wayout Beyond this, hospitals are in compliance with federal desegregation requirements, and business establishments likewise are pursuing the prescribed course. The whole climate of Selma is helped by improved economic conditions since 1965, though the townstill has the look of the old cotton milling center it was for so long. It has benefited from a big new paper mill and from a majortextile plant built 15 miles to the east — just off the route of the famous Selmato-Montgomery civil rights march of 1965 (recently repeated in token fashion as a memorial to the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.) Nearby farms are enjoying a resurgence, with the relatively recent turn to high cash value soybeans as a crop in place of the emaciated “King Cotton.” No cotton has been grown in the area on anysignificant scale since 1940. The Alabama River, passing at the edge of town, is being made navigable from Rome, Ga., to Mobile. A new dam opens Sees Political Implications In New Office for Senator Editor Herald It was with a great Jeal of disappointment that I read about Senator Moss opening an office in Ogden. Surely everyone is aware that these actions are merely preparations for upcoming campaign for re-election. I wonder how it is possible for Senator Moss to represent us for 4% years witaout these extra offices and then all of a sudden there is a crying need for this Ogden office. As I mentioned I find Sen. Moss’ conduct a little disappointing. There doesn’t seem to be anyjustification for the taxpayers to pay for the Senator’s campaign office. If Sen. Moss really believes in honesty in government, let's challenge him to the explain his new office or at least promise the citizens of Utah that he won't use taxpayers money in his campaign. How about it Senator. Paul Evans Box 443, ELWC, BYU fused military induction in April 1968. think. That this is the only this mess has run over. I say, either take a chance and give 10lst day of 1969 with 264 to follow, The moonis between its last quarter and newphase. The moming stars are Venus, Mars and Jupiter. The evening stars are Mercu- ry and Saturn. On this day in history In 1898 President McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain. In 1951 President Truman fired Gen. Douglas MacArthur as commander of forces in Korea isles aad let the large ships of the nation bring them home to their wives and loved ones. Let their mothers be their nursing queens and wipe the tears and sorrow from the eyes. Which as the U.S. in Vie'nam. A when Johnson was trying for BERRY'S WORLD Ist S. Springville and the quality of education as courts press for an early end to the dual school system. So far only one white private school, accommodating 275 pupils, exists here, aside from Catholic schools. Yet no one seems quite sure of the white response as the pressure for change heightens. TheLighter Side WhyHughes Shows Interest in Vegas B52 thought troop for strength By DICK WEST the day WASHINGTON (UPI) —Ever since billionaire Howard Hughes Started buying up property in Las Vegas, people have bees General MacArthur said “There is no substitute for victory.” wondering what caused his sudden interest in Nevada real eeyl | The opiniuns and state- It was commonly assumeq that he had wind of some impending development that would cause property values to ments expressed by Herald columnists are thelr own and do not necessarily reflect the views of this news Ernest L. Peterson 291 W. Guam-based only now being sought by the city, Responsible whites worry, too, about the course of events duty and set a ceiling of 649,500 might have to take the Hand of God. 1966 bodies, for better housing and streets. Urban renewal funds are bombers struck in Vietnam for the first time In 1968, President Johnson ordered 10,000 Reservists to ‘em hell, or call our lovely boys and men homefrom the distant reason Nixon waselected president. We have lost more boys and are still losing them every day — more sometimes than peace. The enemy can loose Todayis Friday, April 11, the In Nixon in Stopping War When Presidtnt Nixon was campaigning for the presidency, he told us he had a solution to end the war, and he gave the people this physical and vocal strength, so braggingly sure, like all he had to do was lift his hand and the war would stop I think as a lot of people By United Press International next fall outside Selma. All this promises an undershoring of Negro-white relations described by leaders today as good. The matter is eased further by a steady outflow of Negroes from the county and some inflow of Negroes from the county and some inflow of whites, including industrial workers and soybean farmers drawn by cheap land. The once-explosive 6-1 Negro ratio in county population is now 6-4. But all is not perfect. Young militants are causing some splits in Negro leadership. The Rev. L. L. Anderson encourages militancy. The more moderate leaders themselves are making strong demands on Selma for more representation on public | paper. * tate. rise sharply, thus enhancing his holdings. No one could believe that a billionaire as astute as Hughes would be making these invest- BY JAMES O. BERRY 1,000 men a day to our one, and ments unless he had good reason to believe they would pay still have plenty to drive to the slaughter. Nixon has had three months to look and listen and 1 don't think what he has accomplished amounts to a hill of beans. Of course, now he can't stop this war, like he said. He might say it is Johnson's war and all I can do is look and listen till it runs out. It reminds me of a joke Mother said today, do you think this rain will ever stop. and dad said. yes, some day the sun will shine. Now I think off better than the Las Vegas slot machines Is Secretive But since Hughesis almost as Secretive as he is astute, outsiders could only guess at the possible source of expected windfall. Well, recently I have been putting two and two together, which is about the limit of my mathematical ability, and I think I may have hit upon the explanation y theory is that Hughes envisions Las Vegas one day becoming a great sea port Before you start. pointing out transactions. But myexperience has been that they are at least as reliable as stock brokers. April 4 was the date my soothsayers had fixed for California's plunge into the Pacific Through benefit of hindsight, we can now recognize that they were false prophets. Several other California doomsday dates are still outStanding, however. So there is still a chance that Nevada will become a maritime state before the year is over If I had the money, I would buy a new ocean front lot on the outskirts of Reno, No slight to California is intended, but in some respects Nevada would be a more convenient location for America’s West Coast. Shifting the shoreline near Reno ang Las Vegas would provide gamblers who have a bad night in the casinos with a place to drown their sorrows. LUTHERAN WOMEN TO CONVENE NEW YORK (UPI)—About 30 women delegates from Lutheran churches around the world are Judge Wyzanski’s order — technically the obvious, let me say that I expected to attend an Interna- an arrest of judgement — overturned am fully aware that at the tional Consultation of Lutheran Womento be held June 23-28 at the Bastad Lay Center in southern Sweden, reports Lutheran World Federation, Theme, of the meeting is “Responsible Participation of Christian Women in Today's Society.” Following an opening panel on the generation coflict, a Technical Worlg,” ‘Being Christian in a Pluralistic World" and “Political Responsibility of Christian Women an earlier conviction. Wyzanski stated carefully that he was not attempting to pass judgement on the legality of the war in Vietnam — an issue which the war's critics would like to put squarely before the Supreme Court. Also the judge said he was not passing on the “methods” of the war. Hestated, however, that his reasoning had been affected by the limited nature of the Vietnam conflict. He said his decision might have been different if £-sson had been called to the colors to fight in ‘a defense of the homeland.” } 3 of the distance Selma has traveled since the spring of 1965, detente between the West and the Soviet bloc, This is believed to have been a major point on the agenda in President Nixon's talks with Allied leaders on his recent Europeantour. Certainly, differences among the Allies will continue. But rather than signals of imminent collapse, these should be viewed as growing pains. And if NATO is anywhere near as successful in growing to meet the challenges of the next decade as it has been in the past two, it must go down as one of history’s outstanding success stories. In that decision Judge Charles E. Wyzanski Jr. struck down the law's that first ¢ litical initiatives in the quest for a religious definition of conscientious obJectors is unconstitutional ruling Nixon intention to shift Improvement Noted | The task now is to prepare for a third decade, to update the alliance and its goals to meet the changing demands of a much anged world, The emphasis will he less on the purely military and more on making NATO aneffective vehicle for economic and po- 1967 language on conscientious objectors. It had evidence at hand that the Supremecourt has misgivings about clams of conscience rooted solely in religious training In the 198 version of the draft law SHINGTON — The Selective Ser- after Bruce Biossat _ Helping Hand? Supreme Court Test Sought On Conscientious Objector Not Much Progress For vice System is asking an immediate Supreme Sourt tesi of a district court neighbor- Head Start has day the program, a busload of Head Washington to protest, both to OEO and HEW. They expressed Western Europe. Inside Washington a le poor operating since 1965. A Basic Decision for the Negro What will it profit black Americans if they gain control of their schools and neighborhoods and lose the world ? That, in effect, was what longtime civil rights leader Bayard Rustin said to a National Civil Liberties Clearing House conference in Washington recently. Negroes are forgettnig the real world and the real problem and d be brought into the the federal ffort and guided by Head The announced FORUMcomesRULES letters trons present time Las Vegas is a goodly distance fromthe ocean. But suppose California were tofall into the sea, as numerous soothsayers have been predict need be pub a exceptions. Including letters political accuse meg © 1969 by NEA, ioe Ba “But, gee, coach--didn't yo ever hear of the House of David?” In that event, the western border of Nevada would become part of the Pacific shoreline. And property values would skyrocket overnight. Reliable as Brokers T can't say for certain, of course, that Hughes is guided by soothsayers in his financial a ie FRIDAY, AP WASHINGTON (UPI) —Pres- ident Nixon's new plan for the 6 By ARNOLD B. SAWISLAK Dedicated to the Progress And Growth of Central Utah |