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Show Millard County Progress Annual Farm Supplement, Fillmore, Utah 84631, Friday, April 16, 1982 Page 11 Chalkbrood Is Serious Disease To Leafcutting Bee By Michi Okuda IPM Field Supervisor Chalkbrood is a disease of leafcutiing bees a caused by (he fungus Aggregata. Millions of spores of this fungus adhere to the hairs of the emerging adult bee and are spread around the nesting area during foraging and mating. The larger the number of spores present the greater tlve chance of infection since spores must be consumed by the developing bee larva to infect it. Symptoms. The diseased bee larva swells slightly and turns from a cream to a yellow brown color. Within a few days of this color change, the larva becomes more alfalfa Ascos-phaer- swollen, its body stiffens and it dies. After the larva dies, the body turns a mottled grey color with a metallic sheen as spores are produced beneath the integument. The time taken from infection to death is from 5 days to a number of weeks. then How do you prevent Chalkbrood? Once larvae are infected they cannot be cured of chalkbrood. Management of this disease involves decreasing the chance of the bee larvae feeding on the spores and reducing stress factors which encourage the disease. The following techniques will help prevent and decrease the incidence of chalkbrood: 1. Phase out all nesting material each year (including newly purchased or wild trapped bees) into new or sterilized nest materials. This has helped reduce chalkbrood disease by a significant amount when used consistently. 2. Place bee boards in field shelters where they are protected from weather. 3. Have ventilation in the domiciles to prevent heat buildup. 4. Design and place shelters so that they will be warmed by sunlight in the early morning and be shaded in the late morning and afternoon. COUNTY MEN NAMED TO FARM BUREAU COMMODITY Provide insulation or air space between nesting material and outside walls of the domicile receiving direct sunlight. 6. Move portable shelters out of fields which are to be sprayed with pesticides and other chemicals harmful to 5. dead bees. 7. Place domiciles in different locations each year to prevent a buildup of dead larvae and fungal spores in the immediate nesting area. 8. Phased-ou- t bee boards should be heat treated at 223 for at least 4 minutes to kill chalkbrood spores before being reused. Free circulation of heat can be insured by allowing air spaces between the boards. Phased-ou- t wood 9. laminates should be heat treated, as above, or dipped in a lwo hypochlorite solution for 3 minutes and allowed to dry before being reused. 10. Spray field shelters with hypochlorite solution before bees are placed in in the them spring. Thoroughly wet the inside, outside, and surrounding ground where bees mas warm themselves. 11. Separate bees on the how basis ol much chalkbrood is present Keep those that arc relatively tree of chalkbrood at least ' mile from local bees. 12. Use pesticides wisely fields for check and beneficial as well as pest insects before deciding that a pesticide application is needed. 13. Dip loose cell bees (extracted from laminated boards) in a IV hypochlorite solution for 3 minutes. Do not dry dipped bees in sunlight or excessive heat. 14. Decontaminate adult bees using a bee bath as they emerge from nesting material. The bees pass through a hypochlorite solution which kills the chalkbrood spores they carry. This prevents contamination of the summer nesting material where the new bee eggs are laid. The information source for this article is University of Idaho Current Information Series No. 477. For further contact information Michi Okuda at 864-331- CROUPS Member of the Utah Farm 1982 commodity Bureau have sdvisory committee been named by the UFBF board of directors. Named to the Public Lands committee was Lee Monroe committee is to meet at least Ken Ashby of once early in the year, disof Scipio. Delta was named board liai- cuss the situation and proson for the Fruits Crops comblems in its commodity area, then make recommendations mittee. to the board for action on The assignment of each those problems. o Use Clean Diesel Fuel For Engines Most problems with diesel engines over the state stem from use of dirty or water--lade- n fuel, observes Dr. Von H. Jarrett, extension agricultural engineer, Utah State University. was Jarrett dubbed Utahs Tractor Doctor by the media when he received a presidential commendation for saving Utah farmers millions of dollars in lost power and wasted fuel. He is an expert with diesel engines, checking the performance of over 800 farm tractors a year, most of them diesel. Clogges fuel filters, he says, have been associated with many instances of Well designed diesel engines can give more power, for need less have maintenance and last longer than gasoline engines, Jarrett said. He reminded, however, that the diesel pump is the heart of the engine. It has a very close tolerances and precision parts. It requires cleaner fuel than what a gasoline engine can tolerate. Jarrett believes that diesel fuel is generally clean as it comes from the distillation plants. It also is properly mixed by reputable petroleum companies for desired combustion performing engines. Yet he quickly warns that simply changing the filler will do no lasting good unless the fuel is clean and free from water. Jarrett said, "Water in the fuel causes rust, slime and wear. Thai's our biggest problem with diesel. It's not only with tractors; its with trucks, cars, boats and anything else running on according to the season. Dirt and water can get into the fuel from careless handling and storage and water can accumulate in fuel tanks simply from condensation. For this reason Jarrett advises that you check your fuel Filter often, l ook for sediment and water that settles to the botton of the glass bowl of the filter. A line of demarkalion will be seen between the water and the diesel fuel. diesel oil. Many people are affected. More people are now driving diesel cars to take advantage of the simplicity of diesel If you arc getting dirt or Jarrett suggests draining or pumping out the lank and flushing it with diesel fuel. Then make every effort to keep the tank clean. Buy fuel only from dealers who you feel confident arc practicing cleanliness and their care in handling products. As an added precaution, you might have a separator filter installed to underpowered, engines poorly and the greater mileage from diesels higher 132 energy outpout-abo- ut BTU's per gallon compared to 1 19 for gasoline. has no spark plugs, points or condenser needing adjustment or replacement. The diesel carburetor, engine take out water in addition to the regular filter that takes out dirt particles. Whatever you do, never mix gasoline with diesel extension the fuel! emphasized. Some people around the state advocate this to make the engine easier to start. If you do it, in time it will ruin the precision pump that depends on diesel oil as it only lubrication. Use care in seeing that only clean diesel fuel goes into your diesel engine. It will pay in good long lasting performance." he added. Thosa hard-cooke- eggs d from Easter will do just fine for Scandinavian Egg Butter to use on a snack on rye bread, toast or bread. Whip one-ha- lf cup butter until stick) fluffy. Beat In one-ha- lf (1 teaspoon salt and teaspoon pepper. Mash three peeled eggs with a fork; gently fold into the butter. Yield: approximately 1 cup.) one-eigh- th hard-cooke- d, hay is your business, you need a reliable business partner . . . the Model 500 baler from Sperry New Holland. The Model 500 is baler in the West. From hitch the best-sellin- s to bale chute, the Model 500 is a "heavy-dut- y If beauty that sives you the capacity and bale shape you need in your hayins opera- tion. SALES o SERVICE o PARTS o FINANCING DEARDEN EQUIPMENT water. 125 SOUTH MAIN TELEPHONE FILLMORE, UTAH 84631 743-576- Bacausa they look lifc dear, and becausa of their name, many people think that reindeer belong to the deer species. But they really belong to the caribou family. 1 cEdTRflNCO Trailers |