| Show S NOW paper sent out from national Natio lial capital interesting TO would mean belter end healthier orchards hout this section of the t ite numerous objections advanced overcome e arsent an sant being befog the pruning sen sea for most of eastern utah and orl oard of county comal of everal veral counties being insistent ie 0 enforcement of the hor ticul rules and reguL dons of the the article below sent out from secretary ecret ary of 0 agriculture at n should bo be both useful and in ive to fault growers generally ny people object to regular tree leg log on the ground that it robs roes s of their strong and healthy and is nt at variance varance with nia methods but in the forest trees ago it natural pruning duo to log whereas IL 16 our orchards ti eing mong trees cultivated for lament ament plants are placed at dia W which prevent this natural log tile increased amount of available to plants under art artl conditions frequently excites W th tb ao so that the distance becomes reat between the different whorls anches which naturally develop near the end of the growth of season and gives the plant an form for and the appearance of hav been jeen built by stories by aau is un use of the pruning knife the ener shortens his annual growth reducing tho distance b between branches formed in successive to e tren has then a more compact symmetrical form and la Is better d to serve the purpose of an or d or ornamental tree moreover a i of our most desirable or ornament namen rees and shrubs have an anfor site to natural habit of growt hn a lod iod of branching which mako make unable to withstand high rinds heavy icovy snows thus the silver lo 10 at almost most invariably branches so i thoat ivo strong shoots from dolbt of branching each of which ra a at tho same rate with a narrow anglo angle between them result Is that as the branches inse in alep the union between them twiner being per perfect feet severe o 0 ed upon ono one of them ha has a ten tell cy ly to split apart IER HER OBJECTS OF I 1 rit lit it trees should be pruned a to ck k future growth and so insure production of larger or bettor better it t by reducing its quantity b to lerate fu fuere jm growth as whon when k nursery stock la Is cut back la in or tj concentrate mhd power of ath in and ei smaller caller u c to rejuvenate old trees ne as a apple or shade trees are cut out k in order to induce is graw th of f branches F d to control plant dis s ua its when odien in tho the case of ot pear ht th birne b anchel hea are out ind and but bained ned ils his may bo be carried from to tree by bees which bialt the ting sura aurs a urs hat that apar appear on the ng trunks through Ij the blosa blose the disease gains an entrance the ie main body of f the tree and deu tieu des ties yf u s it but if it the ente leonly only 1 borne at ends ol 01 0 the cache mcbee theeo these can be put off ir 1 the ease a appear and te trees saved ollowa follows thac all fruiting spurs lid uld be removed from body and in n framework of pear trees n i tho the case of plum and peach rot alsee can ba bi stayed by the real val of branched bran cheb which interfere int erfer and bring the fruits upon adjacent branches in coa contact tact for or it Is to well known that this disease Is 1 readily from alt to fruit thinning Tb inning has for one of 0 its primary objects the control of tho the disease it la Is the aim alm of the peach grower to have tho the fruits at least elx inches apart while it la Is the object of the tho plum grower to have them two and a halt to four inches apart hoot toot PRUNING before planting the young wes obtained from the nursery all or dead roots should bo be removed in cutting away boota mako make the cue cur in such a manner that a smooth clean surface ie Is left which when the tree la Is placed in position will covie la in contact with tho the moist soil either or 0 the sides or bottom of the hole W ith most of our ornamental evergreen and deciduous trees as little root area arts should be cut away way as Is practicable fruit bear ing plants however such as tho apple pear peach plum and nod grape will stand quite severe root pruning ma ua tu chrt do not bear are ofton often maae to do so by digging out a circular trench at a distance of from freeto arce to e fat from the stem according to tho the sax und and age of ahr lb trw trpe and from two to four feet in de depth ath cutting all atle the roots that may 1 be encounter encountered od or can be reached PRUNING T SHE HE TOP it Is a lead I 1 Dg ale in planting that the top of the tree must be here re daood us its much as a the root has been reduced and perhaps rather more care should be betaken taken to form a head fort for the is tree by this operation in the caca of shrubs the bush form which more nearly approaches the natural habit of the plants pla ants 1 a more pleasing than tho the tree form forim but with hade dicea aside from evergreens ever greens the true tree type Is moat desirable that Is a long clean bole reaching from the greensward 91 answard to the branching should bo be symmetrical und and complete f t orn the greensward to the topmost branches particularly spruces awl ml pines walh h t their lower branches have also their beauty and value aa as ornamental plants with deciduous tree however the shading of the lower branches from the thickening of the leaf canopy discourages their growth rees grown for or fruit should be nettled low the first limbs being befog compelled led to grow out at abou eighteen inches from tho the groaned this makes the tree stronger and less tes liable to be acu over protects the trunk froth frodi the direct raya a of the sun conserves cone erves the energy by lessoning lessening the distance through which tho the food Is to be carried and makes easier the fruit gathering PRUNING TREES slow shado shade treed trees require little or no pruning but tho rapid 14 10 aers maples poplars may be formed into mom compact head by removing a portion of tho the lust rust year years growth where the brunins involves tho to removal cf ef annual growth growl rather than largo laro branches the cut should invariably lie be made immediately above a bud if made just below a bud or lu in the middle of 0 the space between buds that portion of the shoot left above tho the topmost bud invariably dies back to the bud leaving a black ened decaying stem which Is a of no benefit to te plant and may pro a direct in that it provides a means of access for injurious peats pests I 1 HOW TO MAKE CUTS OUTS in removing large saw thorn them oft a toot loot from the trunk and cut twice the list filst cut just below bolow the limb to the center and the cut aboto the limb and jutt beyond the first after which the stub should bo be cut ot off close to the trunk ana aou parallel with it this last method of cutting should always be b 5 amplo employed ed in order that the eap sap or cambium may come into direct communication with the cut surface this will caum the wound to heal but if it thi th limb is cutoff so as to leave a projecting pro stub the healing procesa cannot take place since the prepared for thia branch bratich was elaborated by its leaves and sent toward the t trunk and the supply having been lena oved the cambium layer of thia this stub can not grow an unsightly stub of wom will be left to decay and drop out dust water and fungi will collect in the cavity and wilt will weaken or destroy the thip tree HOW TO PRUNE the preferred pre forred arrangement of branches may bo described aa as follows I 1 k varat the branches should be dis posed at equal distances about tha the main stem or axin axis of the plant fco 90 that as the tree grows grows the main branches shall completely occupy tha IM i apace and provide for a symmetrical 1 development second the branches should be disposed at some dis distance from one another along the central axis of the tree that Is tho whorl of branches which Is to be disposed equally about the body of tho the tree should not be in n the same place it la Is more desirable to have tho main structural branches bran chea of the tree com pos d of from three to five limbs of about abou I 1 equal size rather than of two A tree tm which divide divides into two limbs which again subdivide sub divide to forin foru the ithe main head Is much more likely to split than a tree with several limbs disposed d tit diC erent heights upon the main axis it should therefore te tie the aim alin in forming the head of the tree creato to provide lust any natural tendency in to me th plant to divide 1 twos W it E 1 24 TO jr it pruning priming can best beet be done during the winter or early spring pruning in late spring just previous to the thinning of growth Is I 1 Part particularly feul a aly advantageous ou ow with rhe peach bo be cause at that senyou as a rule all injury to the anneal growth from tri winter killing will lab ri apparent and the pruner can tako take advantage of or this to remove all nit dead or injured branches brac chee he ge win wilt then be able to plan aa M ae as to leave a maximum maximi lm quantity of ot wed we d in order to secure a ce 71 on ix vgo 6 HS NOW JE roin rain rg 1 tabla crop of irv act f which might not be possible were the u 4 hutst p rite tice of removing one bue half halt the annual growth growell followed in such seasons with the appio apple and pear which suffer lea from froin ft inter killing hilll DB tho the annual pruning can as its wen well be dono dones to in february or march as at aay any other othor season with the tile gape grape ho however weNer which to prod produce tice a heavy aloof sup if it pruning la lei debated until lato in tha the season 8 it ts to undoubtedly best beat to do the pruning during luring the into late fall and early winter loutha some son bold thal outa spring pruning tend teed to le increase crease tle mv ply and that rail fall r early war pr run fog ng tile ceolo development anent af wood particularly with vi alth iho the grape ts a rule it 1 best tp doln pruning aa where thero Is I 1 donge of winter killing in other cases where this injury il i is not likely bocc to cur tt it may lo the 10 advantageous und satisfactory to prune tn tho the late lat fait fall or early winter la in the removal of large branches brau chea tho the work should be donn at a season ft hen groath Is i at its wilgot fu order that the healing process 9 may begin kt ut oisee und and continue as long ni nt possible during the season 0 o the cut 1 ta ainee am de PINCHING AND or stopping isa la a method metho 0 summer whereby robust jiro chaek r at any desired height in their gr it by removing I 1 their heir extrema pointe with tt a pinch be teen the fluck and the chuml Ul uial with cut cit the further femoral of foliage this for a time the ex extension of euch such induces pd d dit ional growth in a other bud buds and en a the ol 01 I 1 lateral shoots ae as well na of othor other shoots filere axis a ape active extension ie Is required la Is leapt the removal aai bud blowers arsho or 1 lu tile the early stags of fron fruit ot 01 other trees lu iu order to abo aap into thoda which are stronger etron fier and are required t emain the branches of figa figs peaches ad a d vines vine amongst may others arteach year so lull full of oung shoots la in or ato her seasons then started to grow that it all were ivere allowed to roni ilo tho the deault would bo be a dense 0 of r useless brun brunch chess esa Dia budding should be performed with and only by those who it at as Irre damage mav easily be caused by too the i Pati chIng and disbanding oro are tuo most rational rati oual modes of directing alie e gm ti 4 of plaats it rigidly there would be but little feces ally alty foi winter pruning orthe removal of branches bran chea onali and large at auy ady time an inconsistent tea to nilow allow A free ree to make growths of wood during summer to be cut out lu winter by ean savy ind holfus thus and destroy tag in what it bus has been iven the nim film of the cultivator to p leaving out of thesues abe question any to the vitality of tho the tree T OP OF WOUNDS wounds which result corn the removal of branches bra nohea of ut considerable dl di saleter ao su aeter leter leaving it lare large surface of hw ho artwood expose may with avan ange be protected d by painting the cut surface with ft a heavy cent coat of white lead the sole object of thil being to protect the heartwood artwood ho from train deta delaying decay ying loe until tho the new growth aich fornis forms from thet growing tissue immediately dundei the bark ha ila had time to develop over the exposed deadwood dead wood and protect it aiom decay other Othe reub nub bounces used for this purpose whito white lea lead yellow dellow ocher coal ahr und and grafting wax plants are for forthe the purpose of indu log ing the growth of ti a vigorous aad well formed organism the object act being to ata ott the plant to in its paramount purpose a or fault and seed production duet loo the whole subject with details de tulla la is clearly treated tn in farmers no oa on pruning which vi bo sent treo free to aa one applying for it to thor the secret tr io ot of agriculture washington D 0 |
