OCR Text |
Show TITANS TOP RAMS SPEED SKATING BISON ROUNDUP No more NFL unbeatens B-1 Trackflaw negates world mark B-1 Antelope Island herd thinned out C-1 he Salt Lake Gri wie http://www.sltrib.com Utah’s Independent Voice Since 1871 Volume 259 Number 18 MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1999 1999, The Salt Lake Tribune FOLLOWING FREUD Science Is Taking The Guesswork Out of Dreaming Quick descent, lack ofdistress call raise specterofterrorism; crash killed 217, mostly Americans well as both a record of terrorist attacks on tourists in WASHINGTON BY MATT CRENSON NEWYORK Sigmund Freud might concede that sometimes cigaris just a tigar. But on the larger issue he was mant— ada adreamis neverjust a dream. ‘Then what is a dream? The question has divided students ofthe mind fora cen tury Freud argued that dreamsare windows into an otherwiseing ible mind, “the royal road to the unconscious.” But others havecontended that theyai wisp, a While lacking hard evidence, board plunged 33,000 feet in two minutes Sunday morning, crashing into the ocean off Nantucket island. Dozens of American tourists were on board By nightfall, searchers had retrieved debris and one bo ut held little hope of findingsurvivors. US. o is indicated a majority ofthe 199 passen. gers on Flight 990 were Americans, including group of 54 people bound for a 14-day trip to Egypt and the Nile. Alan Lewis, chief executive of the Boston-based travel agency Grand Circle Corp., said most of the group members werefrom Colorado, Arizonaand the Pacific Northwest. The sudden disappearance of the plane the random firings of ad century ago a dream ilizing glimpseinto a spirit Utah 8411 Jet Fell Swiftly, Silently to the Sea investigators Sunday began examining thepossibility that terrorists brought down EgyptAirflight 99). ‘Thejetliner bound for Cairo with 217 people on THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Salt Lake City, so fast that the pilot was unable to issue adistress call as Egypt and a specific threat received by U.S. authori ties in September forced consideration of something other than a drastic mechanical failure Mindful of the rampant speculation regarding pos sible terrorism that surrounded the 1996 crash of TWA Flight 800 off New York, since suspected to be the ult of a fuel tank problem, U.S. officials tiptoed aroundthesubject ofterrorism in Sunda: ‘ash. Preliminary radar data indicated that the plane plungedfrom33,000 feet to 19,000feet in 36 seconds, "a very rapid descent, approximately 23,200 feet per minute,” said Jim Hall, chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board. That is two to three times the standard emergencydescent rate. This early evidence, in the view of some experts, pointed to a catastrophic failure aboard theplane, a failure so sudden andtotal that the pilot was unable to communicateadistress signal to airtraffic control. lers. But Hall refusedto speculate oncauses. We do not knowat this point what caused the crash,” Hall said. “We are beginning what may be a long investigation.” Theprobe will involve crimespecialists, but the bulk of the massive investigative team will consist of aircraft engineering experts Predicting a deluge of media coverage about possi ble causes, Hall said that until solid evidence emerges, “All of those reports will be speculative.” In Washington, investigators and intelligence offi cials were combing through theroutinely large vol ume of reported terrorist threats for anything that might have been missed in recent weeks. OnSept. 24, the Federal Aviation Administration issuedanalert to airport and aviationsecurity organt zations after several U.S. agencies received a letter warning that someone would bomb a flight originat ing from Los Angeles or New York. EgyptAir 990. originated in L.A. and stopped at Kennedy Inter: See PILOTS,Page A-S world where truths were revealed and events foretold. But Freud changed all that with a book. TheInterpretation ofDreams, published Feds Fear Hacker Menace on Nov. 4, 1899, re-created dreamsas a powerful probeofthe unconscious mind. Suddenly they were messages from a landscapeentirely within us, andyettotally unknown. Acenturylater, scienceis putting Freudto thetest. New brain-imaging tech- nologiesallow researchers to see which parts of thebrainare active during a tream, and which are deadto the world. Freudargued that dreams are a person’s most deeply held wishes, expressed in symbolic form. Their purpose? To keep the unconsciousdrives that constantly Cyber-warriors evading U.S. computer defenses pop up within us from wakingus in the night “That was the essence of Freud's theory, that dreams prote ” says Mark Solms, a neuroscientist at St. Bartholomcine. BY BOB DROGIN nd Royal London School of Medi- GANNETT NEWS Kewpsychoanalysts believe that today. FORT MEADE,Md. But Freud’s morebasicidea, that dreams s froma part ofthe mind ca’s largest intelligence agency. like land, sea and air,” said Air Force Lt. Gen. Michael Hayden in his first interview since taking the stage ofsleep called REM, for rapid eye movement. During REM sleep much ofthe brain becomesas active as it is during NSA's helm in May. “Now think of America conducting operations in waking. Theeyes dart around behind Rick Egan/The Salt Lake Tribune With one of Hogle Zoo's polar bear cubs safely tranquilized on Sunday morning, David Coleman, left, performs a awakenedfrom REMsleep almost always say they have been dreaming. final checkup before the long trucktrip to Toledo, Ohio. Heather France, wearing white, and Jackie Brownassist. ‘That led researchers to equate REM sleep with dreaming. Whenthey looked forthe part of the brain that controls Hogle Zoo Says Goodbye to Bear Cubs REM,they found thatits source is the pons, a primitive section of the brain stem that has moretodo with reflexes like breathing than deeply held wishes, desires, hopes andfears. So Freud must have been wrong,they concluded. Dreams are nothing more than random images conjured up by a senselessly whirring brain, and any meaning we associate with them is imposed by the conscious mind, not generated by the unconscious. But recentresearch has shownthat REM anddreanisare not the same. Recent discoveries have led researchersto the conclusion that REM is merely a trigger for dreaming. “REM sleepis the best place for dream: ing,” says Ernest Hartmann, a professor sychiatry at Tufts University in Bos. “It is not the only place.”Contrary to what Freud might havepredicted, the part ofthe brain involved in processing sym- bolsis relatively quiet during dreaming. Freud believed that dreamswere full of symbols that had to be decoded to reveal the innermost workings of the mind. “Dreams may be meaningful, but they're not meaningful in the way Freud thought,” sayssleep expert Allen Braun. Heand several of his colleagues believe that the meaning of dreamsis right on the surface. In other words, a cigar is always just a cigar, The popular 11-month-old twins are loaded onto a truck andsentto a zoo in Ohio Sundayprovide a rare opportunity to study the biology of exotic animals. The data collected can then be used by After seven months of entertaining visitors with their antics, Hogle Zoo's polar bear cubs, Mizar and Alcor, are gone, On Sunday, zoo workers loaded whether they live in the wild or captivity. Sunday's procedure was the third the 11-month-old male cubs on a truck bound for Toledo, Ohio. They should arrive at the Toledo Zoological Gardens sometime today. As a parting gesture, zoo officials gave them onelast physi- cal examination. While many zoo patrons have becomeattached to the cubs,zoo direc- tor Craig Dinsmore said such inter-zoo transfers of animals are common and pointed out important work “goes on at the zoo, monthin and monthout.” Examinations such as the one researchers to benefit the animals, ers that has been traced to Russia. Prodded by the White House, other to 50 pounds the second time and were alot easier to handle when they were little.” After separating them from their mother Sunday morning, animal keepers used a dart gun to sedate the cubs. The bears then were weighed and vac: tect America’selectronic infrastrueture from a daily digital barrage from aroundthe world. The stakes could not be higher, Put simply, how can an increasing] wired America best defend itself from hostile nations, foreign spiés, terrorists or anyoneelse armed with a computer, an e-mail virus andthe Thanksgiving Day. Because of their size, the bears had to be sedated for the first time. The findings will provide a terial infections and parasites, and documented such things as organ function and biochemical makeup. After the examination, Thompson administered a “reversal agent” by syringe throughthe lingualveinat the fight back in the strange new world of warp-speed warfare? baseline of health information that will follow them throughout their lives. Polar bears can live up to 35 years in captivity. “They're big kids now,” said Tracy Thompson, the zoo’s veterinarian who oversaw all three procedures. “They weighed 7 poundsthefirst time and 45 base of the bears’ tongues that would wake them up for their approximately 30-hourdrive to Toledo. A team of four See BEARS,Page A-4 Internet? And how can America The answers so far are not encouraging. “The pace of technological change is rapidly outstripping our existing technical edge in intelligence that has long been oneofthepillars of our national security,” said George ‘Tenet, directorof the CIA. The United States faces “a growSee U.S. EXPERTS,Page A-8 New Standards for Would-Be Utah Teachers? BY KATHERINEKAPOS andBRO BROOKE ADAMS THESALT LAKETRIBUNE learning. Do all Utah teachers head to class with the tools National Council for the Accreditation of Teachers, or NCATE,a national organization that puts educa. tests, manage unruly children and inspire student OneBiotin Utah is studying: aligning with The tion programs through a rigorous — and expensive — evaluation to ensure they produce quality ing majority of students recommended for teacher teachers, NCATE currently accredits about half the “they recommend people for certification that clearly can't teach,” said Lloyd Bybee, Granite nation’s teacher education programs, including three in Utah. Brigham Young University, Utah State University and Weber State University are NCATE- School District's associate director of human resources. Those concerns are driving the State Office of Education to look hard at whatit requires of teacher preparation programs. POOR COPY unravel Moonlight Maze, a massive assault on U.S. government comput- cinated, and blood andfecal samples were taken. Workers checkedfor bac: ‘The Utah Legislature is not convinced, and neither are someschooldistricts. While the overwhelm- BNE. ge law enforcement and national security communities are thinkingoflittleels The Pentagon stepped up cyber-defense and is planning cyber: combat. The FBI is still struggling to such examination the bears have been subjected to since their birth last licenses are well-qualified, there are cases where Details: C-8 that new domain.” ‘The: s, many in the U.S. agencies also are scrambling to pro- BY LORI BUTTARS ‘THE SALT LAKETRIBUNE they need to be effective in the classroom? WEATHER: Some sun, windy, But the talk insideis of a moretroubling e. physical domain, didn’t always support that earchers discovered a closed lids as if following an action-packed sporting event. Most intriguing, people Distantfor eighthfloor director's suite at th National Security Agency, Ameri beyondour conscious control, is stronger than ever “Heused dreamstotry to get at what unconscious processes were and how they work,” HarvardUniversity psychiatrist David Westensays. Scholars idea.In SERVICE ests dominate the view from the Tt has been seven years since the state tinkered with certification standards aimed at ensuring that Utah colleges produce good teachers. The dilemmais how to boost standards to ensure educators have the skills had need, with eg shifting from makeup of programs to wi teachers know whether they can write lesson plans, aici ute accredited, above and beyond the state review process, “Wefeel this is a way of reassuring our constituents that persons that come from USUare getting an prised that is comparable to any teacher educaion program in the United States," ” said Gerry Giorane dean of USU's College of Education. Two other Utah schools, Southern Utah Univer sity and Utah Valley State College, are considering Ryan Galbratth Salt Lake Heidi Van Ert teaches Westminster College stix dents who are studying to become schoolteachers: |