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Show WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS 7? Current Events 77 Truman Outlines Emergency Plans; Solon Reveals Trieste Incidents; Communist Probe Takes New Turn - Released by WNU Features opinions are expressed In these eolnmns, they are those of eniTORS NOTE: When Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) pestera Newspaper GOP Planners SOMETHING: Truman Chat D0 It is up to congress, said PresiraTruman in his nation-wid- e dent address to his fellow country-meto do something to avert price at home collapse and depression emer- -' and at the same time provide nations to gency aid to European totalitarian aggression combat n, dio nt abroad. - Explaining why he had called conon Novemgress into special session President admitted he worried about the risiin the U. S. inflation spiral ng prices are too high, he said. Buying power is shrinking. Americans in the low and moderate income brackets are doing without essentials. "When so many people are not sharing fairly in prosperity, the road ber 17, the was frankly What Legislation? It was expected that the Truman administration would go the limit in pricing and allocation of foodstuffs, short of establishing controls at the consumer levels, in recomlegislation. mending will be "Domestic stabilization, Price fixing at the wholesale and primary market levels will be the chief features of President Trumans plan. Also, it was considered likely that he would ask congress to continue rent controls, due to expire March 1, and installment buying curbs which expired November 1. Here are five news questions which any 20th century American should be able to answer. If you cant answer them, dont worry. Youre probably normal anyway. 1. The son of a former U. S. President recently declared himself a candidate for the 1948 Republican nomination. Who was his father and when was he President? 2. Leader of the Peasant party in Poland has fled his country to escape Communist persecution. Who is he? 3. What newly formed. French political party captured 40 per cent of the vote in Frances recent municipal elections, and who is its leader? 4. What two reasons did Pres-deTruman give for calling congress into special session November 17? 5. Two South American nations recently severed diplomatic relations with Russia. Which were they? ANSWERS William Howard Taft, Stanislaw Mikolajczyk. He was wartime leader of Polands government1. 2. 1909-191- -in-exile. Carroll Reece (left) chairman of the Republican national committee, and Walter S. Hallahan, chairman of the committee on arrangements, discuss plans for the Republican national convention to be held in Philadelphia next June. 3. Gen. Charles De of the French People. Gaulles Rally WEAPONS: Not the Atom anti-inflati-on catch-phras- e. six-wee- war-fearin- Senatorial Ride Trieste-Yugosla- an self-deni- al of-10- 0 ry Australian-Canadian-frenc- self-deni- Fair and Warmer Food Saving Held Essential to Prosperity Americans need to save food as successfully today as they did dur-- g World War I if the United States s to aid Europe without driving its own food prices through the roof, says a study by the family econom-c- s bureau of Northwestern National Insurance company. Tracing the general similarities etween the present period and the ?ars following World War I, the study recalls that in 8 the ation faced the necessity of shar 1916-191- ing its food supplies with allies, and in the immediate postwar period continued the sharing program for relief purposes. Then, as now, national income had increased faster than production, forcing prices upward. The cost of living rose 50 per cent during the war and was double its prewar level by 1920. Food savings then cut the per capita use of wheat 20 per cent; wheat exports doubled; food waste was cut 30 per cent. Widescale Effort Aimed To Rebuild Shattered Farms WNU Features. When the smoke from the last Japanese gun cleared away two years ago, China, whose 400 million inhabitants depend in one way or another upon the land for their living, faced the tremendous problem of rebuilding the agriculture which is her strength. Fields, which had lain idle from the eight years of enemy occupation, had overgrown waist-hig- h in weeds and the land lay hard and packed. Tools had been melted for scrap iron, seed eaten for food, draft animals slaughtered. Dikes neglected during the war years were crumbling, floods threatened. In some areas, particularly Kiangsi, Kwangsi, Hunan and other fcouth China provinces, hard-fougbattles had resulted in stripping of the land. Villages were leveled to the ground, and only rubble marked the site of farming communities. The farmers themselves had fled to caves or to the mountains of Free China. Faced by Famine. Chinas need for the produce of the land was greater than it ever had been. She had not only her own hungry mouths to feed, but also those of the vanquished army as well. Food was short, famine threatened. She had to return to her devastated fields so she could produce food to help rebuild her shattered country. Then she could begin developing the industrial life she had started in the two decades before war broke out. Into this situation came the Relief and United Nations administrations Rehabilitation agricultural rehabilitation program with 400,000 tons of agricultural supplies and hundreds of trained technicians from all over the world to help with planning and carrying out projects to increase food production in . China. To distribute the more than two million long tons of all supplies UNRRA shipped to China, the Chinese government created the Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation administration, a minas of the istry government, VNRRAs agency in operating Foreign-traine- d specialists phina. recruited by UNRRA all over the world act as advisors to CNRRA, giving technical advice and assisting in utilization of supplies. In addition, the Chinese ministry of agriculture and forestry MODERN MACHINERY AMAZES PEASANTS . . . Chinese peasants watch with amazement as an American farm expert drives a tractor land. UNRRA has imported d over 1,136 tractors to help Chinese farmers in their war-tor- n land. gigantic task of rehabUitating the To help restore a sound rural have forged more than 35,000 hoes, farm comeconomy in war-tor- n plows and other small hand tools, UNRRA and CNRRA munities, Specialists Aid Work. set up the Agricultural IndusForty-nin- e young American Voluntries service, whose technical teers of the Brethren service unit, advisors help improve small inare dustries and establish new ones working with UNRRA-CNRRto be integrated into the village teaching selected Chinese farm life. youths in all parts of the country to operate and maintain mechanized center already has been One Other equipment new to them. established in Shaoyang, Hunan, all from highly-skille- d personnel where a foundry, cement plant, cane over the world are training the sugar plant, sulfuric acid plant, Chinese in other phases of the farm coke and ammonium sulfate plant, when so that machinery program night soil treatment plant, oil pressUNRRA s task in China is finished, and rice hulling and polishing can carry ing Chinese farm specialists and other small indusequipment, on the work. tries are in operation. A simUar farms have been project has been started in Chung-moin many devastated established Honan, in the Yellow river areas to help farmers return more flooded area. quickly to their job of food producTrain Women, Too. tion. Preservation of food through home stocks and To replenish community canning and procof seeds and to improve strains essing centers has been sponsored which have worn out, UNRRA has by UNRRA,) CNRRA and MOAF, imported more than 4,500 long tons which have opened a food processof improved cotton seed, various ing training school in Shanghai. Two vegetable seeds, corn, soybean and classes of specially-traine- d Chinese forage crop seeds, and tree seed for men and women agriculturalists soil conservancy. CNRRA regional have been graduated and have gone offices throughout the country also out into interior areas of the counhave purchased seeds locally for try to start community centers. As free distribution to farmers. another part 'of the project, plans Since proper use of commercial are being made to establish milling fertilizers provides most rapid and ginning plants for rice, wheat, means of increasing food production, oil seeds and cotton in remote areas the shipping , of fertilizer from of China. One of the largest agricultural proabroad and the development of fertilizer manufacturing within China grams in China is the rehabilitation are significant parts of the agricul- of the fishing fleet, which lost nearly 100.000 vessels during the war. Al tural rehabilitation program. budget of nearly 27 million dollars Replenish Herds. FishFarm animals, one of Chinas is provided for the four-pabasic resources, were decimated by eries Rehabilitation administration,1 the Japanese during the long war which is designed to repair approxi-- 1 years. Source of farm labor, power, mately 3,000 junks and to build 7,000 fertilizer and food, they are irre- new ones, to import 161 modem placeable in Chinese fields, and their powered vessels from overseas, to provide food processing equipment, vitamin-oi- l and fish-meplants, and to arrange and icemaking facilities. All of the 161 fishing vessels and auxiliary boats have arrived from Australia and the United States, and 18 of them now are manned enChinese tirely by newly-traine- d crews. Plying waters off Shanghai, Formosa, Tsingtao and Canton, the boats have brought in more than 6.500.000 pounds of fish. More than 150 trained fishermen from Australia, New Zealand and the United States have come to China to assist in the program. To Control Floods. Most dramatic of the agricultural activities in China is the dike repair and flood control program, sponsored by UNRRA and CNRRA and conducted by the ministry of water conservancy, to repair eight major and 16 minor projects. Durthe hitherto carefulling the y-tended network of dikes proHOLDING THE DIKE . . . Using tecting Chinese fields from the ravChinese methods of driving piles to ages of flood's were neglected, and rier, these workmen are engaged their rebuilding and repair was of dike repair program. utmost importance. with the program. The three agen- numbers and blood strains had to be flour Using UNRRA-importe- d as payment to cies work together on almost all increased and improved. laborers, UNRRA-supplie- d food production projects. equipment and From New Zealand, Australia, funds from the ministry, conIncreased Output Sought. Canada and the United States, struction repair of 8,850 kiloThe agricultural program was UNRRA has sent 3,590 head of of dikes has been commeters divided into a dozen divisions: Fishcattle, 793 head of mules and under the program. pleted eries, livestock, livestock disease horses, 1,001 head of sheep and The project affecting the most control, crops, plant disease and in88 hogs, along with trained vetland is the Yellow river reclamation sect control, fertilizers, fertilizer erinarians and livestock specialfarm machinery, project, through which the turbumanufacturing, ists to teach the Chinese how to lent waters were diverted from their farm tool production, small agriculcare for their valuable animals. wartime southern course to their tural industries, food processing and In addition to supplying stock, 8 channel through Shantung flood control, eatfh devised to put Chinese farming back on its feet agricultural rehabilitation specialprovince. This undertaking has reafter the destruction of the war ists have set up vaccination teams sulted in the reclaiming of more which already have immunized than two million acres of fertile years and to train the Chinese themagriselves to carry on increased, more more than 200,000 head of native cultural land in Honan, Anhwei and efficient food production in later cattle against rinderpest, piroplas-mosi- s Kiangsu provinces. For the work, and other deadly Oriental 11,000 tons of engineering years. equipment livestock diseases, and have estaband 65,000 tons of flour for payment Before they could till the soU, vaccine-producing lished a plant in to coolies were used. Chinese farmers needed tools of Nanking where the Chinese will turn Aid New Settlers. ail kinds, ranging from simple out their own vaccine to combat disTo assist the settlers in the newly hand plows and spades to mech- -' eases which annually take a heavy drained land, UNRRA and CNRRA anized equipment, such as tractoll of livestock. are providing food, shelter, medical tors and bulldozers which they Plant diseases and insects which supplies, seed, farming Implements had not had before the war. destroy growing crops had to be and other necessities so that the The UNRRA-CNRRfarm ma- controlled. Pesticides specialists productive soil again can bring forth chinery program to date has dis- have developed methods of destroyfood for China. tributed more than 6,500 long tons of ing locusts in north China, All of these programs are aimed in south China and other in- not only at present-da- y heavy mechanized equipment, inrehabilitacluding more than 1,136 small, effi- sects. They also have taught Chinese tion of agriculture but also at an cient tractors to hum through the farmers throughout the country new future Chinese food broad north China fields, combines scientific pest control measures. production as well. The foundation to thresh grain quickly, bulldozers They have distributed DDT and for this is being made by the trainto level out land, and other commercial preparations im- ing of thousands of Chinese farmers g irrigation pumps to bring ported from the United States, and and others concerned with agriculwater up to the fields. It also has have set up a pesticides manufac- ture to carry on the work begun established a series of smaU farm turing plant in Shanghai which has by UNRRA and CNRRA and by the tool shops, known as the National produced 100 long tons of pesticides projects themselves which have e and manufactured more than 5,000 corporAgricultural Engineering agricultural improveation, where the Chinese already sprayers and dusters. ment as their ultimate goal. hard-packe- ht The necessity for curbing inflation and high prices at home and for providing emergency aid to Europe. 5. Brazil and Chile. 4. voted down, paragraph by paracrept a little closer graph, the original Soviet resolution forDoomsday those who read the words of on warmongering. Adm. Ellis M. Zacharias, Soviet delegate Andrei Vishin-sk- y Rear USN, retired, in a recent issue of put the proceedings off on the the United Nations World. right foot when he agreed amiably Weapons exist today, Zacharias, to a Polish amendment which would remove specific mention of the former naval intelligence expert, United States, Greece and Turkey said, That could wipe the last vesas the principal warmongers, ac- tige of human, animal and vegetacording to the Russian resolution. ble life from the face of the earth. For a world that thinks of the The compromise plan, approved by a 56 to 0 vote, condemned all atomic bomb as the penultimate of horrors, there was this chilling fact: is being paved for a recession or a forms of propaganda, in whatsoever Zacharias was not speaking of the depression. . . . Inflation must be country conducted, which is either atom bomb. to ' or entoo or is late. designed before it likely provoke stopped The weapons, which he said are courage any threat to the peace, When congress meets on Novemshrouded in the closest military ber 17, Mr. Truman said, he would breach of peace, or act of aggressecrecy and are being manufac"recommend a program for dealing sion. tured right now, were described as Said Warren Austin, U. S. delewith inflation, high prices and the This is wonderful to have of a biological, bacteriological and gate: high cost of living. And in Europe, the keynote was us all vote the same way. climateological nature. The original Soviet resolution To reduce Mr. TruRussia is investigating military desperation. mans delineation of the foreign called upon member states to make applications of cosmic rays; Britcrisis to figurative terms, the Four warmongering a criminal offense. ain is progressing with guided misHorsemen of the Apocalypse are U. S. objection was that that would siles and the U. S. has a secret a germ propthundering across the land, and be an invasion of freedom of biological weapon after them gallops a Fifth Horse- speech. osition. man the threat of totalitarian Among Zacharias revelations was WHAT RIGHT? aggression. the slightly less staggering asserEven with our aid, Europe will tion that the U. S. now has an atom Answers remain on short rations this win50 times more powerful than bomb The question, Are you or have ter. The people will be cold, and those dropped at Hiroshima and a ever been of the member But you they will sutler deprivations. which the Nagasaki. our emergency aid will be definite Communist party? activities comassurance of continuing support of house CANDIDATE TAFT: this nation, for the free people of mittee asked screen writer John Howard Lawson turned out to be not Official Now Europe. so intrinsically important as the Sen. Robert Taft surprised no one committee thought it was. INCIDENTS: when he finally jumped officially It was superseded almost imme- into the still rather tepid pool of ReBrass Curtain diately by a more fundamental is- publican presidential candidates for Rep. Marion T. Bennett (Rep., sue: Does the comthe 1948 election. Mo.) returned to the U. S. followmittee have the In a letter to Fred H. Johnson, k tour of Europe and right to demand an ing a of the Ohio Republican chairman the Near East with grave news that answer to such a and executive commitstate central was not likely to give much comquestion asked an Taft said: I shall be glad to tee, g fort to . Americans. American citizen? permit my name to be submitted have occurred, said the . There Lawson, who as a candidate for the presidency 63 incidents Missouri lawmaker, was thought not, and accept the support of the Reof armed aggression by the Comcited for contempt state central and executive publican munists against U. S. forces since of congress by the committee. they moved into the former Italian committee after he It was only after a long period of territory of Trieste bordering on and Rep. J. Pargingerly testing the water that the Yugoslavia. nell Thomas (Rep., son of tiie 26th President of the U. S. These acts have resulted in the N. J.), chairman of got his feet wet in the prescribed death or wounding of many Ameri-a- n the group investiBennett asserted, gating Communist activities in Hol- manner. His western trip, he assertsoldiers, then adding caustically that the lywood, had shattered the austerity ed, and advices from elsewhere in incidents have remained hidden beof the committee room by shouting the country had convinced him that "the situation with regard to the hind a brass curtain of American noisily at each other. That the episode would have fur- nomination is wide open. military censorship. That statement was taken to The brass curtain of American ther repercussions was assured. mean that he does not consider New rea were Lawsons attorneys military censorship has done preparing markable job in keeping from the to take the case to court, perhaps Yorks Thomas E. Dewey as too American people the seriousness of as high as the Supreme court, to serious a threat and that he bethe situation at Trieste. determine whether or not a person lieves the stop Dewey movement is taking hold. Difficulties in - Trieste began on may be compelled to state his politiSeptember 16 when, under terms of cal affiliations before a congressionthe Italian peace treaty, it became al committee. a free state under United Nations Lawsons refusal Meanwhile, supervision. At that time, Amerieither to admit or deny Communist can troops stationed along the membership was expected to set v border were cred- a precedent which others accused ited with preventing Yugoslav of being Hollywood Reds would foltroops from moving into the low in testifying before Representaof tive Thomas group. occupied portion Trieste and taking possession. But Bennett struck an even more SAVINGS: somber note: In Europe they call 1 it a cold war.' It is war and how 35 Per Cent S. citizens were ridsoon, or if, it will engulf the whole Apparently U. of ffie crest as, at world, no men outside of the Kreming lin can say. the end of the first month of the nation-wid- e grain conservation proPEACEMONGERING: gram, Charles Luckman, food czar, estimated that 35 per cent of the Unanimous million bushels of final goal The United Nations fight that begrain for Europe has been saved. gan with Russias charges of warAnother official of the citizens mongering against the U. S. closed food committee said that industry Sen. Glen Taylor (Dem., Ida.) on a warm note of brotherly love pledges would account for some 35 has embarked on his cross-countas the erstwhile wranglers clasped million bushels in the next 90 days, horseback ride, a la Paul Rehands on' an h vere, to warn the American but most of the rest must come resolupeacemongering and in farm from public people against what he thinks is tion. the disastrous foreign policy of savings of grain fed to livestock. it was, actually, a compromise the U. S. He will arrive in WashThe big thing, according to satisagreed to unanimously in the genfied Charles Luckman, was that ington shortly before congress coneral assembly after delegates had grain was being saved for Europe. venes for its special session. Anglo-Americ- and Hungry China Reclaims Riddled Agriculture War-Ravag- ed hard-press- Greenland is getting warmer, showing promise now of reverting, perhaps within 50 years, to the relative mildness which characterized its climate 1,000 years ago when Vikings first colonized it. Dr. Lauge Koch, Danish scientist who recently explored Danish polar territory, says the eastern fringe of the huge Arctic island already is getting warmer and ice fields have retreated far iland. u, war-deplet- rt al cold-stora- war-year- pre-193- rice-bore- rs ever-expandi- war-pock- life-givin- long-rang- s, |