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Show UTAH LABOR NEWS, SALT Economic Highlights DIYORDAL (Continued from Page 1) of 'democracy, let us state the plain fact that the opponents horror expressed by a great many of those who are condemning the Presidents court proposal is purely synthetic. This s of talking about the Chief Executive becoming a dictator is so much poppycock, and no one knows that fact better than those who are spouting it. It is well to remember that these people who are now rubber-stamconmoaning over the existence of a the gress are very people who a few years ago were leading the attack upon congress for failing to stand by Presidents Coolidge and Hoover. These same people today would do away with congress entirely if they could get a president to their own liking. A classic example of the kind of nonsense we are confrontis ing given us by former President Herbert Hopver himself. True to form, he was one of the first to oppose the Presidents judicial reform program. A few years ago, when he was in the White House, Mr. Hoover decided that he wanted to postpone war-depayments due from European nations. Did he summon congress into session in accordance with his sworn duty to uphold the Constitution? He did nothing of the sort. Instead of that, fearing that congress might upset his little plan, Mr. Hoover summoned the leaders of congress to the White House in the dead of night and there enacted a pledge that if he declared a moratorium congress would later give the moratorium its approval. This promise was sweated out of reluctant leaders of the senate and house on the spurious plea that if they refused their consent, civilization in Europe and later in this country was bound to collapse. In plain English, the first crisis which Mr. Hoover confronted he met by the simple process of kicking the Constitu- tion out of the window. Of course, the whole proceeding was beyond the pale ofj the law. It was an act of executive usurpation, pure and unadulterated, and it was upheld as such by every Republican leader in congress. A committee of congress condemned it as such. And let us remind you that Hoovers illegal action was also extolled by the same Republican newspapers that are today pretending to fear that Mr. Roosevelt might want to be a dictator if congress should vote to reform the supreme court. We wish to call your attention to the fact that in all the hurry of the past years, when speed was essential, when Mr. Roosevelt was working under the severest kind of pressure to undo the blunders of the Hoover administration, he never once acted without first obtaining legal authority from congress in the constitutional way. The reason for that is that Mr. Roosevelt believes in the democratic process and Mr. Hoover does not. Now, what about this gentleman Mr. Hoover, of the United States, and idol of the Liberty leaguers and opponents of President Roosevelt and the people of America? Mr. Hoover was one of the first to cry Hands off the suThe words hands off are preme court of the United States! familiar words to him. He has employed these words most frequently. When he was president of the United States he yelled: Hands off the panic. Hands off the big bankers. Hands off the homes under mortgage." Hands off the farms that are being foreclosed. Hands off the bread lines and the jobless." Hands off the starving soldiers. Hands off the bonus marchers. Hands off the children laboring in the mills and sweatshops. Mr. Hoover raises his voice against increasing the number of members of the supreme court and alleges that the President busi-nes- so-call- ed p bt , (Continued LABOR ON ITS FORWARD MARCH (Continued from Page 6) of the union, with members in almost all New York agencies as a foundation, will appeal to all industrial agents in a drive to end abuses such as lapse charges, vicious high pressure and indiscriminate finalling with which agents are burdened. -- - - MAINE COURT GIVES JUSTICE-- ANOTHER JOLT LEWISTON, Me. (UNS) Continuing its course of judicial miscarriage of justice, the court here has found nine .organizers for the United Shoe Workers guilty of conspiracy, to injure the business of the Charles Cushman Co. in Auburn. They were sentenced to on Page 8) five months in jail and fined $100 each by Superior Court Judge Arthur Chapman. The American Civil Liberties in a report prepared by Congressman Henry G. Teigan of Minnesota, Alfred Bingham, editor of Common Sense, and A. L. Wirin, A. C. L. U. counsel, has characterized the jailing of Powers Hap-gooC. I. 0. leader; Sidney Grant, counsel, and five other strike leaders, as a grave miscarriage of The seven men are servjustice. ing a six months sentence for contempt of Judge Harry Mansers injunction denying the right of the shoe wprkers to strike. The nine jailed on the conspiracy oharge are Paul Doyle, of Auburn; William E. Thornton, of Swamps-cot- t; John D. Nolan, secretary of the United Shoe Workers of America; George Kandor and Paul of Boston; William J. union, d, Sal-vaggi- THE UTAH LABOR NEWS Is the Only Labor and Social Economic Publication in Utah Published Regularly Every Week. r 7 LAKE CITY, UTAH. JUNE 25, 1937. It reaches the best paid workers in Utah and therefore it is the best advertising medium. o, IIOW TO LEARN THE MOST Happenings That Affect the Dinner Pails, Dividend Checks and Tax NaHills of Every Individual tional and International Problems Inseparable from Loca Welfare. News has The United States made a survey of Americas diIts moral, minishing work week. if any, seems to be that evolution of industry and invention is the principal agent responsible for shortening the number of hours the average worker must put in at his desk or machine during each seven days. During the last century, the work week has been almost cut in half. In 1822, the average worker days, for a put in six 72 hours a week. In that total of the first organized revolt year, week a was felt. A against long machinists union in Philadelphia passed a resolution demanding a week. day and a This resolution got nowhere, anc a long lifetime was to pass before week became standarc the in major industry 1890. And in that year, the A. F. of L. went on record in favor of the week. As in the past, many years passed before this objective was reached. In 1914, the work week hours. Py 1919, it averaged 53 1929, at the height of the boom, it was 49 hours. Depression naturally shortenec the work week, as the work sharing plan, whereby employes worked part time in order that others might also have jobs, came into effect in many large industries. Then came the NR A, which established a work week for the bulk of industries. Today, in 1937, the week has been general y maintained, even though the NRA is no more. And in a considerable number of industries, the week has been put into effect for all or part of employes. As the News points out, a number of factors are responsible for the declining working week. Perhaps the most important of these factors is science and invention. Technological progress, which simply means better and more varied machinery, enables workers to produce as much or more in a short week than they previously produced in a long week. Thus, they can work less and still maintain or increase their productive value. Even though their hours go down, their usefulness and their wages 12-ho- 10-ho- ur CO-ho- ur ur 60-ho- ur 48-ho- 40-ho- ur ur 40-ho- ur 35-ho- ur go up. The labor unions have also been a factor. They have won many concessions from management, and cut the working week without cutting .wages. Management has also done a great deal to make shorter hours possible. It has improved the technique of production in many ways, to the end that less employe motion be wasted, and that each worker produce more in his working time. It has often voluntarily reduced hours even as it has raised hourly rates of pay. Finally, in recent years govern ment has been a factor. A number of states, of which Oregon was the first, have specified the maximum hours per week which women in industry can work, and these statutes have been upheld in the courts as being necessary to the public health and well being. The Federal government has also stepped in, as happened with the NRA. A federal law now in effect refuses government contracts to manufacturers whose employes work more than 40 hours a week. The current drive for a week, to be fixed and enforced by the government, is believed to have ittle chance of immediate success. Even some labor leaders are du- 30-ho- ur Vlahan and Mrs. Mary Dauphine, of Lynn. Nolan, Salvaggio, Mackesy and Lawless, are also serving six months with Hapgood for contempt. The defense has appealed both conhe conspiracy and the tempt convictions to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. The National Labor Relations Board continued its hearings on charges of unfair practices against three shoe factories, and will seek to determine if consent elections should be called in 12 plants to decide the bargaining agencies of the workers. Have you ever kept enough track to note that those who are heart-es- s in their condemnation of others reach the place when they need people to be charitable with them? By JOHN EDWIN PRICE IJ'. llt'tflll!!iu,i I I I I Since in one short life we must subjects going along at the same content ourselves with knowing a time to which to um for refreshlot about a little and knowing a ment. lH When your mind fails to assimilittle about a lot, we must use common sense if we are to learn late quickly it does not warn you that it is worn out. It is simply the most. Common sense in this case would growling for you to change gears indicate that we determine to know to another line of thought. When undertaking serious study, a lot about the subject we like best. is well to get rid of annoyances it we have will Because Why? just so many learning hours, and no that strain ones concentrating more. We can learn the most .in powers. Some people need to get each hour of reading or study if rid of noises, odors, and hungers. we apply it to phases of a subject Sleepiness will sometimes wear to which we gladly and easily give off under the stimulant of thought. At other times a 5 or 10 minute full attention, something we like. But since the mind eventually relaxing nap will restore mental wearies of even well-like- d subjects, keenness. When reading to learn, you d you should have several should stop at times and recall a Rewriting bious of its merit, in the belief that paragraph or page. will words own in your chapters it would retard reemployment. use the better or fix yet, thought, Past history would indicate that a letter ideas in conversation, still shorter work week will come the in time but as the result of prog1 writing, or daily work. Underscore ideas you like and ress and evolution, rather than those with which you disagree. On political pressure. points of disagreement look up The Annalist reports that noth- what other authors think. No onn all on any ing has occurred to change the person has learned it on notes Make margins slightly upward trend of business subject. finhave When and you but flyleafs. activity except steel strikes, they have been sufficient to cut a ished a chapter or book, review point and a half off the business these. Each year plan to learn more index. about mayour main interest. Also deThus, in 1937, strikes are a velop even were in your lesser interests. Aras jor worry they 1936 and, to a lesser extent, in range a balanced diet around your meat course. Thereby you may dis1935. Until current labor controcover new lines of thought to versies are settled, the business outlook cannot help but be unset- awaken dormant interests and keep tled. your appetite sharp for reading in Production figures are fair. The general. Federal Reserve board reports that Be but do not fear in a recent month manufacturing to ask why and seek for instanactivity recorded more than the ces in your own experience and normal increase over the previous elsewhere. month. General manufacturing insaemcpi dustry is at about 118100 equals the 1923-2- 5 normal. Make the Some industries are doing above the average. One of these is elecWeather Suit Your trical appliances refrigerators, air conditioning systems, etc. Comfort These appliances have been improved in efficiency and reduced in cost, and their market is rapidly I ( less-like- -- open-mind- broadening. Commodity prices have been declining somewhat in most fields. No one thinks there will be a big drop, however, and some will not be surprised if this fall witnesses a general advance all along the line. Consumer resistance is a factor here. Newest national industry trailer manufacturing is going ahead fast. Last year, Business Week reports, more than 350 makers were in the trailer business, and their gross came to $27,000,000. Over 16,000 house trailers, averaging ed Commercial and Domestic One Room or a Thousand See Louis A. Roser Co. 234 West 1st South Wasatch 6192 $525 a piece, were sold. THE MODERN LUNCH NECESSITY FOREST DALE POTATO CHIPS Imitated But Not Equalled. Fresh Daily at Your Grocers. Manufactured in Salt Lake City by 47 Forest Dale Saratoga Chip Co. Ave. Phone Hy. 1741 Kensington Best Wishes to Utah Labor 502 Atlas Building WE STAIN SOILED BRICK STRUCTURES TO RESEMBLE BEAUTIFUL NEW FIRE BRICK Harry W. Garrett, Mgr. Office: Was. 7008 Night, Was. 9164 Best Wishes To Utah Labor Its Time To Eat More... KE CEEAE2 7 |