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Show SOUTH CACHE COURIER. HYRUM. UTAn Federal Plan to Tame Missouri River After War Will Benefit Million People Living in Its Basin 11 theyre really Dams Curb Erosion, Provide Irrigation, Electric Service By WALTER SIIEAD WNU Washington Correspondent Millions use F & F Lozenges to give their throat a 15 minute soothing, comforting treatment that reaches all the way down. For coughs, throat irritations or hoarseness resulting from colds or smoking, soothe with F & F. Box, only 10fC Harnessing the nations second mightiest river, the turbulent, muddy Missouri, which annually roars its flood crests along its twisting course for 2,460 miles through seven states, will become one of the major postwar projects. More than 11 million people live in this great basin of a half billion acres, comprish of the area of ing the United States. , one-sixt- ONE OF MANY dams and reservoirs already constructed in the Missouri Valley basin is the Gibson dam on the Sun river in Montana. The top of the great wail is about 200 feet above the river bed. Eighty-nin- e more such projects are planned. For more than years feeble tempts have been made to shackle the destructive power of the Missouri. Millions of dollars have been expended in levees and dams in attempts to prevent the costly floods which annually destroy vast sums In crops and property. Damage of the 1943 floods alone was placed at at- 30 new land and furnishing supplemental water to 547,000 additional acres to increase crop values approximately $130,000,000 annually on 53,000 farms of about 90 acres each. 4 To increase the population of the Basin by about 636,000 from irrigation development alone. 5 To Increase the assessed valuation of properties approximate- possible benefit and the ultimate goal should be the greatest procurable economic returns and human benefits for the entire region. Arguments on Rule. Even agricultural interests are divided on the pros and cons of regional authorities as opposed to operation by established federal agencies. For instance, in agricultural sections where there is plentiful rainfall along the lower Missouri and water resources are adequate, opposition is voiced as "subsidized competition" by the extension of irrigation. Public opinion is joined in Industrial areas with the railroads In opposing the development of new competing waterways. One basic objection to operation bureau has by the reclamation come from large land owners and ranchers of the west and northwest. Under the law governing the bureau of reclamation, this agency cannot propose irrigation for more than 160 acres of land for any one person. Another objection is that all reclamation projects must be over a period of approximately 40 years. In contrast, the statutes governing TVA give 60 years or more for liquidation and a regional authority likely would not be hamstrung by the limitation of acreage proviso. In a recent pronouncement however, Harry W. Bashore, commissioner of the reclamation bureau said: We continue to stand on the basic policy that the bureau will support the principle of relatively small family farms as one of the foundations of American agriculture and rural social life. On new land which Is brought under irrigation for the first time, we shall insist that the undeveloped property be parcelled in lots of not mdre than 160 acres. Forms Shrink in Size. During the past 20 years the average size farm or ranch in the states of the Missouri basin have increased, rather than diminished in size, due largely to the decrease in population. For instance, in 1920, the average size farm in Montana was 480 acres, in Wyoming was 749 acres and in Nebraska it was 339 acres. By 1940 the farms had increased to 821 acres, 1,866 acres and 391 acres, respectively. Dust bowls, droughts, floods have driven farmers and ranchers from the plains states during the past decad& Net loss of population in the period from 1930 to 1940 In the seven plains states was 302,314. In the Missouri-Souri- s jrea of North Dakota, a strictly rural farm area, 28 7 per cent of the population moved out, equal to 1,000 families of five each. The financial loss entailed by this shift of population in at least four of these states is reflected in abandoned farms, abandoned towns and unused properties. It is further reflected in increase of size and congestion in the three larger cities of the basin, Denver, Omaha and Kansas City. These Benefits Expected. The agreed plan of the reclamation bureau and the army engineers is intended to do these things: 1 Provide navigation and flood control on the river from its mouth to Sioux City, a distance of about 760 miles, by construction of levees and revetments to provide a channel 6 feet deep and 300 feet wide. 2 Construct 89 reservoirs and dams with a combined capacity of 45,700,000 acre feet of water. (An acre-fois water a foot deep over one acre.) This is more than the annual average flow of the river at its month, These reservoirs are to be constructed to withhold water along the main tributaries including the Yellowstone, the Big Horn, the Belle Fourche, the Cheyenne, the North Platte, the Republican, the Smoky Hill and along the main $35,000,000. Army engineers and the bureau of reclamation of the interior department have been for some time at in the development of a comprehensive plan. The army approached the job from the standpoint of navigation and flood control. The reclamation engineers were interested also in irrigation, erosion control and power projects. On November 27, 1944, a recon-- , dilation report was filed in which the two agencies were in complete accord and the congress in its flood control bill accepted the entire program and also authorized $200,000,-00- 0 each to the army and the cross-purpos- TOO MUCH WATER The rampaging Missouri river is eroding millions of tons of good soil away every year. Here the flood waters carved into the bank, washing out A road, and leaving a pillar of earth to indicate the earlier line. ly $600,000,000. 6 To furnish adequate and safe water supply and sewage facilities for 19 cities and towns along the river. 7 To construct 17 hydroelectric plants which will provide 3,800,000,-00- 0 kilowatt hours of electricity to be sold at an annual value of 0. 8 To create additional recreational facilities through formation of new lakes and parks and the protection of fish and wild life. 9 To introduce proper land use, soil erosion conservation, contour treatment and reforestation. States in the Missouri Basin watershed include approximately of Montana, from the source of the Missouri in the southwest corner of the state; North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, including roughly the northeast half from a line bisecting the state from thv northwest to the southeast corner; approximately the northeast quarter of Colorado; the north half of Kansas; a tip of the southwest comer of Minnesota; a strip along the west boundary of Iowa and the northern part of Missouri from a line reaching from the Ozarks in the southwest in a northeasterly direction to St. Louis. Needs of the people in these widely scattered areas of long distances are divergent. Those living along the lower river want flood protection at one season, and supplemental water for navigation at others. In the western and northwestern section the people want protection from local floods, water for irrigation, water for sanitary and domestic uses and power for various purposes. The comprehensive plan which has been agreed upon is intended to store water to prevent floods and water the land in time of drought. The great river will be made to serve the people to live within its basin and thus decrease its destructive power. Will Pay for Itself. Construction cost of the plan is 0 estimated at approximately which is to be from the sale of water and power over a period to be determined. Only $400,000,000 of this cost has been authorized. The entire nation has a stake in maintaining the agricultural productivity of the plains states, for even in the drought period of these seven states Montana, the Dakotas, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas and Nebraska, produced 41.5 per cent of the nations wheat; 43.4 per cent of the rye; 43.8 per cent of our barley; 15.3 per cent of our oats and 10 per cent of our com. Droughts, the dustbowls and the lowering of the ground water level by the rampaging river has permitted wheat yields to reach 2C bushels to the acre only 5 times 1879, 1882, 1883, 1895 and not again until 1942. In many of those intervening years the yield has been below 10 bushels to the acre, and thousands of acres of seeded land have been abandoned year in and year out. But at last the government has developed a comprehensive plan aimed at the relief of this agricultural arsenal of the nation. From Cut Bank, Mont., in the northwest to St, Louis in the southeast; from Denver in the southwest to Devils Lake, N. D., in the northeast the harnessed Missouri will extend its benefits but not until after the war. two-thir- of reclamation to get the program underway. President Roosevelt signed the bill on December 23, but put a hiatus in the proceedings by recommending the creation of a Missouri Valley authority to handle the project and asserting that his approval of the bill was with the distinct understanding that it would in no way jeopardize the creation of such an agency. He appealed for early consideration of the new authority by the 79th congress. The President further asserted: "I consider the projects authorized by the bill to be primarily for postwar construction. Now. ' Only Blue-PriHence, the project is now merely in the blue-pristage and it is possible that a fight may develop in the new congress over whether there shall be divided responsibility as to the army and the reclamation bureau, or whether a new Missouri valley authority shall be created. Proponents of single regional control point to the Tennessee Valley authority and its successful operation as a yardstick for future federal policy in developing and controlling all the nation's waterways. However, there are powerful interests which oppose the creation of these regional authorities, such as the power utility interests, the railroads, the national rivers and harbors congress, the Mississippi Valley association, and even divided public opinion along the waterway. The rule of thumb, for instance, of the TVA is that regional authority will produce the largest possible benefits at the least possible costs, and each task must be carried out in such a way as to contribute stream. 3 Irrigation of 4,760,400 acres of to the total result to salvage every bureau nt $1,325,-000,00- 1930-193- 9 ot N. w v. 'y. V y.v ' '. ' s ' O' V SN v V V.C v.V'v V. A . ' ' vvj.s Xs ' ., W.V V.. vv V v- x v 1 . s k 4 -- . y. J '. "I . i. w - HT ( iUfv.wLt V. .? 'v ' x V' , ' 4 now laying waste and overgrown with sagebrush can be brought into productivity by adequate irilgation. This picture shows a tract a few thousand feet away GOOD - , - Yl Is je W'Y v ,1 LAND from productive Irrigated land. Fruit, Meringue and Cupcakes . . . Dessert Trio (See Recipes Below) Dessert Simplicity Point-Savin- Desserts that are delicious in spite of their simplicity and yet hearty enough to satisfy appetites whipped to their keenest by sharp wintry weather are the order of the day. deson Were concentrating serts that take up little time and effort, little of the precious, rationed sugar, but use plenty of fruits in season. There are many recipes among them that use eggs or milk to fortify diets shy in these two important foods. The first is an especially quickly prepared dessert that is satisfying but not too heavy: Fruit Cupcakes Slice plain bakery cupcakes into wedges, cutting only half way through. Open gently and fill the cavity with meringue and fruit Bits of fruit left over from breakfast or lunch may be used. Served with coffee or another hot beverage, these make a tempting climax to heavier fall and winter meals. Butterscotch Rice Pudding. (Serves 6) cup rice 2 cups milk teaspoon salt 2 tablespoons butter cup brown sugar 1 tablespoon lemon juice U teaspoon vanilla cup chopped dates Wash rice and add salt and rice to the milk. Bring to a boil and then simmer 25 minutes. Meanwhile, melt butter, add brown sugar and cook over a low flame until very dark brown but not burned. Add the caramel mixture to the rice and milk and stir until dissolved. from heat and add lemon juice, vanilla and dates. Pour into a wet bowl and chill. When cold, this pudding can Re-'mo- be unmolded. Serve plain or with cream. Pears are in season and are good to serve with cake or just plain fresh or stewed. Here they are combined into cake: Pear Cake. cup shortening ti cup sugar ffs cup sifted flour 1 teaspoon baking powder H teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon cinnamon H teaspoon lemon extract Topping: 10 pear halves, pared and stewed cup sugar 1 teaspoon cinnamon Cream shortening, add sugar and cream until light and fluffy. Add eggs one at a time and beat well Add flour which has been sifted with baking powder, salt and cinnamon. 1 Lynn Says Saving Sugarr Syrups may be used in cookies while sugar is saved for cakes. The texture of cookies is not affected enough by syrup in place of sugar so that it is perfectly all right to use it. Use cup honey or corn syrjp in place of each cup of sugar, and add 2 tablespoons of flour to each cup called for in recipe. Fruits may be sweetened with jams and jellies or honey. Add sweetening last with a pinch of salt to make the most of it. Prepared pudding and gelatin mixes may be used with unbaked sweet cooky crusts to save sugar in making pies. r Thicken fruit syrup from canned fruit with cornstarch and use as sauce for puddings. Make use of dried and fresh fruits for their natural sugar content. Substitute fresh fruits in season and custards for cskes and pastries as often as possible left-ove- Lynn Chambers Menus g Lamb Steaks with Mustard Sauce Creamed Potatoes Brussels Sprouts Pear Salad Cinnamon Rolls Jelly Rice Pudding Beverage Add flavoring. Pour into a oblong or square pan. Press the cooked pear halves into the batter and sprinkle with sugar and cinnamon mixed together. Bake for 30 minutes in a oven. Have you tried cookies and fresh fruits for dessert simplicity and satisfaction? Youll like: Orange Crisps. (Makes 7 dozen small cookies! 2 caps sifted enriched flour teaspoon baking powder Y teaspoon soda teaspoon salt 14 cup shortening 1 cup sugar 1 egg 2 teaspoons grated lemon rind 2 teaspoons grated orange rind 3 tablespoons orange juice Sift together flour, baking powder, soda and salt. Cream together shortening and sugar until light and fluffy. Add egg and beat well. Add fruit rinds and juice. Add flour mixture to creamed mixture. Mix thoroughly. Shape into rolls and wrap up in waxed paper. Chill until firm. Slice thick and bake on ungreased baking sheets in a moderate oven 12 to 15 minutes. These cookies may also be shaped by using a cookie press, if fancy shapes are desired. Spiced Apple Pudding. (Serves 6) 1!4 cups sifted flour cup sugar teaspoon cinnanf V teaspoon nutmeg 14 to cup milk 2 teaspoons baking powder !4 teaspoon salt 4 tablespoons shortening 2 cups sliced apples 2 tablespoons butter 14 cup sugar Juice of 14 lemon Sift flour, sugar, baking powder and salt together. Cut fat into flour, using fork or pastry blender. Add one-hacup chopped apples and enough milk to make a soft dough. Melt butter into the bottom of a casserole, then add sugar, remaining apples and lemon juice. Pour the batter over the apples. Steam for 114 hours and serve hot with lemon juice or cream. Chocolate is such a big favorite that it should be included in desserts occasionally to add to appetite appeal Here is a nutritious dessert that is bound to bring cheers: Chocolate Floating Island. (Serves 6) 114 squares unsweetened chocolate 14 cup sugar 3 cups milk eggs 14 teaspoon salt 14 teaspoon vanilla 4 tablespoons sugar Melt chocolate in top of double boiler, add 14 cup sugar and mix well. Add milk slowly, stirring constantly. Reserve 2 egg whites for meringue. Beat remaining whites and 4 yolks slightly with ssll Pour hot milk mixture over eggs, then return to double boiler. Cook, stirring constantly until mixture coats the spoon and foam disappears. Add vanilla. Strain into serving dish; cover; let stand until cold. Chill before serving. Garnish with meringue made of egg whites, sugar and a dash of salt well-grease- d WHEN CONSTIPATION makes yon feel punk as the dickens, brings on stomach upset, sour taste, gassy discomfort,, take Dr. Caldwells famous medicine to quickly pull the trigger on lazy innards and help you feel bright and chipper again. DR. CALDWELLS is the wonderful senna laxative contained in good old Syrup Pepsin to make it so easy to take. MANY DOCTORS use pepsin preparations in prescriptions to make the medicine more palatable and agreeable to take. So be sure your laxative is contained in Syrup Pepsin. INSIST ON DR. CALDWELLS the favorite of millions for 50 years, and feel that wholesome relief from constipation. Even finicky children love it. CAUTION: Use only as directed. DR. (MILL'S SENNA LAXATIVE Contained JMp PEPSIN (350-degre- lf Gel the most from your meat! Get your meat roasting chart from Miss Lynn Chambers by writing to her in care of Western Newspaper Union, 210 South Desplames Street, Chicago 6, III Please tend a stamped, envelope for your reply, Releaaed by Western Newspaper Union. CHAPPED LIPS SOOTHED QUICKLY! Crocked lip so cruel, and painfull Caused when raw, bitter weather dries skin cells, leaves them "thirsty. Skin may crack, bleed. Mentholatuia acts medicinally: (1) Stimulates local blood supply. (2) Helps revive thirsty cells so they can retain needed moisture. For sore, chapped hands, bps Mentholatum. Jars, tubes, 304. |