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Show ," At. , 4 ,,. , iet--- -......,,. k k,.!,,,,,4 ..,.., .7.- .. ..:,,,,i-,- ' - . . -,-.... 1 '''''eii'''.1":::ey.'1::: g, Papers fight t' ',. ' f 'a '11 r ' -y st t' :111'. ''''A .. ,", 4 ;.,.:111-i;rt- ''''-.- 1.'16- - .:,7-. .- ,c,., . ilk 1 r4, .,t ,,, ...b.4.9.,,,,,, .. .,,,. :',......:...1.,:f....2- tr A 1.4r .. .- ,1,...,,,,,,,. ,' , ; .1 Y ., ...t .... kr.64..11-.- ,,,,,.:'," .,.. '' ....T.": -- .4.04 newsprint .,.:. ,....1 , e'j,.. re0.0 , jg ' A $?,, 37,t , ... -- :. ., ,. ......:,.. .. .: .. ,; ".: v., new formats, hig her prices i ;;;" k :: '1 : ,.... .". .". ' 1::::::::::;,::; K:;--1- pc:75t,,:,:,:... The cost of newsprint has risen 125 percent since 1970, forcing papers to scrimp for survival. s. Britons in January flipped the pages of Undon's newest tabloid the Dait, Express and dug out an extra penny for the national newsopaper in its smaller format. Americans last year skimmed the new news section and classified pages of the New York Times, the fIrst change in n forthe newspaper's mat since 1903. Mexicans and Peruvians may soon read newspapers made from sugar cane. A UPI world survey shows that tighter formats, higher newsstand prices, and new technology are among the weapons used by newspapers to fight newsprint costs that have soared 125 percent since 1970. As recently as the 1930s, a butler's first job of the day in Britain was to iron the creases out of one of London's 20 morning newspapers all broadsheets for his master. His task would be easier now. The Express's tabloid switch followed similar moves by The Daily Mail, The London Evening News and The Sunday People, leaving The Times, Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, and Financial Times as Britain's only national newspapers printed broadsheet. In the United States, the highly respected Christ- Ian Science Monitor switched to a tabloid-lik- e format. When the Express went from seven to eight pence (12 to 13.5 cents), its sister newspaper, the London Evening Standard, boosted its price from 6 to 7 pence, citing a 52 percent increase in newsprint costs since the last newsstand price rise in six-colu- k )2 t. ; Yt -- - ,,,,, ' , 7 .0 , eight-colum- April, 1975. ,,, : Editors began tightening size in late 1974 to counter newsprint shortages and a hefty price boost growing nut of tabor problems and a rail strike in Canada, the world's largest exporter of newsprint. The Canadian export price leaped from $170,44 a ton in 1973 to $203.11 in 1974 and has crept up since with the latest increase in October taking it to $305. But the 1973 shortages spurred the major conservation effort. "It's all been done," said John Morton, a newspaper analyst in Washington, D.C., explaining that editors are reinfereing the steps begun in early 1974 That year, a special report by the American Newspaper Publishers Assocation listed more than 200 ways to save newsprint, including a recommended "cut down on employes' taking home one or more free newspapers. ' A 1977 study by the ANPA says U.S. newspapers cut newsprint consumption by 8.7 in 1975 and about E. percent last year. All newspapers in the United States have switched to a lighter grade of paper and a growing number in Asia, Europe and Latin America also have switched to gain more square feet per ton of the product. moves to develop But large-scal- e substitutes and recycle waste are slow and scattered. "Recycling is picking up but it's a slow process," said Kjell Bohlund, assistant director of the Swedish Newspaper Pubhshers Association. Peru and Mexico By mid-197will make newsprint from bagasse, a flaky material made from crushed sugar cane husks. Peru's $80 million bagasse plant will be financed with aid from Canada, Mexico and Finland. Brazil is experimenting with bagasse but has no commercial production. Publishers around the world report few newsprint shortages and blame lack of advertising or labor costs for newspaper failures as often as they do newsprint costs. The few shortages reported from such places as Lebanon and Egypt were not blamed on newsprint costs, Lebanese civil but on the war and the lack of foreign currency and poor planning in Cairo. run down In Canada, the bulwark of the newsprint industry, there have been no major format changes or size reductions in newspapers. A country-by-countr- y ,,.: :,:,:::::,::-.:::Ss.:...:::.;.,;.... ....,..,',,,: ?'Pse',k ',:. , '': ;,;,.:40: :::.,:.::..e,..',:;r,,.?,:.-:.',:':-,'-.':- r: :' :: ,:: ! , r:-::.'''- F.'.;, ,:..,.. A '' .. ' 6'. .4'. 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German newspapers have cut the number of pages and buy the least expensive newsprint but have not reduced page size or format, or restricted circulation. Yugoslav newspapers in- creased prices 50 percent to three dinars (17 cents) on Jan. 10. Switzerland's bigger newspapers with circulations above 70,000 are pinched hardest. But most Swiss newspapers are regional with low circulation and abundant advertising. The majority are tabloid. Spain's newspapers are switching to tabloid and offset printing. Newspaper prices have doubled to 15 pesetas (22 cents). The government has drafted a bill that would subsidize the more expensive domestically produced newsprint. Italy's Cluistian Democratic government is studying a plan to repay publishers 50 percent of their newsprint costs to a maximum of eight pages. Italian newspapers run 10 and 24 pages. Publishers cut the number of pages to 16 for a few days last November to pressure the government for aid. The government has kept newspaper prices to ' 150 lire (17 cents). France's professional press newspaper, Echos de la Presse et Publicite, says an expected price increase for newsprint "will be a genuine disaster for the press, especially the daily press " Once a negligible factor, newsprint now costs Le Monde $8.8 million out of a total expenditure of $46.8 million. Editors have cut size, sliced employment and introduced new technology but newsprint costs have given a powerful push to the concentration of the French press in the hands of a few giant financial and Paris groups. France-Soi- r Match magazine have sold out to news magnate Robert Hersant, who is streamlining the press along British and American models to cut costs. In Norway, the ruling Labor party's main newspaper. Arbeiderbladet, the only national paper hurtvana. dcally, changed to a hig format larger than tabloid but smaller than brodsheet. Some of Finland's papers have cut the number of pages and are using 10 columns instead of eight. Other newspapers have shaved size one inch and one newspaper became a tabloid. At least four Danish newspapers switched to tabloid but one of them closed and reader dissatisfaction forced another to return to the old format. An opinion poll last year said it would take one year to win back readers lost by increased prices, and publishers have not upped prices. Prices of Swedish newspapers have risen from 50 to 75 percent since 1973 and the number of free and waste copies has been cut. The four evening tabloids, dependent on newstand sales, have suffered most, but the circulation of newspapers relying on home deliveries has risen. Lebanon's civil war engulfed the newspaper industry as every e other facet of life in the financial nexus of the Middle East. "The price of our newsprint, which we get from Austria, has gone up 450 percent since July, 1975," said an editor at An Nahar, one of the largest newspapers in the Middle East. "During the war we lost about a million Lebanese pounds ($330,000) worth of newsprint when our warehouse was looted. 5 we have had "And since to pay for everything in advance, whereas we used to be able to order and pay later." Egyptian newspapers are government subsidized but Mahmoud chief editor of Al Ahram, said: "We have been leadexistence on ing a newsprint." Maximum reserves for any newspaper do not exceed three months and sometimes only a few weeks. In shortage emergencies, newspapers - SAVE ON 1"7""-TAXES 117;f The elephantine Tax Reform law of '76 so complicated your '76 Form 1040 as well as Form 1040A that you will have many of the same problems as on the short form and you must proceed with extra care. If you received sick pay from your employer while you were absent from work in '76, be warned: previous sick pay exclusion is gone. Your sick pay is now taxable pay. Left i3 only a very limitee just like the rest of your pm a week exclusiononof disability pay for persons under 65 wbo have retired disability because they are totally and permanently disabled. If you had '76 expenses for child and dependent care, child-car- e deduction because you won't find any line for a the reform law changed the deduction into a child-car- e credit you take directly against your income tax. Instead expenses from your income, you of deducting child-car- e directly reduce the amount of your income tax by the credit. There are new rules for determinine, who can take the credit and how much the credit will be!You'll get the answers by filling in the '76 version of Form 241 "Credit for Child Care Expenses." e If you in the past year's have deducted expenses or were counting on doing so on your '76 Form 1040, you'll find rigid restrictions that almost surely will eliminate you. Now the part of your home you use for an office must be used exclusively and regulai4 for that purpose to be deductible, a restriction sure to bar most of office-at-hom- .1 us. If you are 65 or over, you may be el, liblr for the "credit for the elderly," the new name for f, revised version of the retirement income credit. You cor Iplete the SYLVIA PORTER 'r.,3 4,4,7 9'44,; .:, ,..: 1:..:z .. ......4,;:,:,.., ; : .... ., simply cut the number of pages or borrow from each other. mid-197- Abdel-Asiz,depu- ty hand-to-mout- h - .11' :., Japanese newspapers, supplied lprpply by thp nation's 12 newsprint makers, have abundant supplies. , Thai newspapers have raised prices from one baht (5 cents) to 150 baht (7 cents), with the English-languag- e Bangkok Post going from three baht (15 cents) to five baht (25 cents). The Bangkok World became a tabloid and upped its price from two to three baht (10 to 15 cents). Taiwan newspapers are limited to 12 pages and one edition a day, sparing them the pinch of higher newsprint prices, but editors have reduced the amount of white space. Some Singapore newspapers have increased prices by reduced feature pages and switched to 10 columns instead aeight. one-thir- The amount of advertising has shot up ia Australian newspapers and there have been complaints. "We get the occasional grizzle that we contain too much advertising but that's been going on as long as newspapers have been around," said one editor in Sydney. The Philippines, possessing the plent in Southeast Asia, has no supply pinch but the product's high cost has prompted editors to fill pages with advertisements to break even. Chile produces its own newsprint and also exports 80,000 tons a year. Brazil's growing national market makes economizing on newsprint difficult. "It is very difficult to cut circulation because this is a growing country," said Lywal Mies, director of the Jornal do Brazil, a leading daily. The Jornal cut its margins last year and will cut them some more, only newsprint Sal les said. "Eventually we will have to replan the whole newspaper for a new format. Maybe well switch to the format throughout the paper which is the international trend." schedule to your taxable income and if your taxable income on your '76 Form is less than $20,000, you're in for a shock. Instead of figuring out your own tax, you must pick out your tax from a new tax table that lists amounts of taxable income from 0 to $20,000 by brackets that go up by $25 or $50 with the amount of tax due for each income bracket shown alongside return, etc. If your taxable income is $20,000 or more, you figure out your own tax using the appropriate tax rate schedule. These tax rate schedules now start from $20,000, instead of starting from zero income. If you realized a taxable net long-tercapital gain of more than $20,000 (from sale of stock, a house, similar assets), you must fill out and file Minimum Tax Form 4625 along with your form 1040. This requirement is not on spotlighted where you would most readily aote it your schedule D where you report your espital gain. And even if you saw it, there isn't any Form 4625 in your Form 1040 package. You must take the initiative and get Form 4625 from the IRS. This is the form on which you figure out whether you have enough "tax preferences" to require you to pay an extra 15 percent tax known as the mintmum tax on tax preferences. All this additional, unnecessary complexity in the name of tax refarm and simplification! The forms themselves are so befuddling that they invite you either to make costly errors on your own or to wale money seeking advice from maybetor maybe-no- t good tax preparers. And new this series terns to new tax "news". Toniorrms!: (c) 1977, Medical expensfts. FI.ELD ENTERPRISES, JACK ro.,,,;t. vY r - r - 1. AnDERS011 N, ht., WITH LES, WHITTEN colin try' tO m e' escape trio WASHINGTON The late Howard Hughes, according to his secret papers, fled the country in 1970 to escape the clutches of the Internal Revenue Service. His departure has remained an unsolved mystery for more than six years. He was : ,;I his Desert Inn penthouse in a streteher and hauled down the fire eseape fer nine floors. The next day, aides concealed his disappearance by ordering a special Thanksgiving dinner for him from the Desert Inn kitchen. But the eccentric billionaire was already 3,000 miles away in another penthouse in Nassau's Britannia Beach Hotel. Within a year, he began to get restless. A top aide issued this written dictum from the penthouse on Nov. 10. 1971: "He (Hughes) wanLs to know from Chester how long this IRS thing will keep us out of the country." Chester is the billionaire's abrasive lawyer, Chester Davis. The following year,. Hughes changed penthouses again to the Intercontinental Hotel in Managua, Nicaragua. Then an earthquake forced him suddenly to flee on Dec. 23, 1972. He took the risk of landing in Miami but changed the destination in midflight to Ft. Lauderdale to confuse the authorities. A top IRS official, G.T. Register, got wind of Hughes' arrival and even anticipated that the recluse might make a change in the flight plan. So he had agents waiting at Ft. Lauderdale with a subpoena for the elusive Hughes. Hughes' aides stalled the agents until they could talk to attorney Davis, who placed a midnight call to Washington. golioVe it or not, the ersonte received instructions not to serve Hughes with the subpoena. The midnight decision was made by Revenue Commissioner Johnnie Walters and Assistant oonnrissioner John Harl.M. Through our own Hughes investigation meanwhile, we gained access to his private files and arranged for the IRS to photograph them. These show. his personal financial empire was valued over $2.3 last-minu- , , then-Intern- one-tim- on Schedule a of Form 1040 and you'll find it much simpler than the old version. The chief drawback is that the more you collect from Social Security, the smaller your credit becomes. Also, you won't be eligible for the credit at all if your adjusted gross income on line 15c of Form 1040 is $17,500 or more on your joint return, or $12,500 or more if you are sinvle or $8,750 or more if you are a married person, filing separately. If you claim expenses connected with renting out your vacation home, you must check the box in Part II, Schedule E (Form 1040). If you used the home for more than 14 days or 10 percent of the number of days it was rented, you can deduct such expenses as maintenance, utilities, depreciation only to the extent of the gross rental less the interest, taxes find casualty losses allocable to the rental use. If yo,t rented a home for less than 15 days, ignore both the rent and the expenses (other than taxes. interest and casualty losses). If you are among the millions accustomed to computing your own tax by applyirg the appropriate tax rate credit : - ,. Caution is nee ed on the long form, too Second of seven - C.f...' ::.1!:?;.:r:7'.',I , :,'15i.V.t.f. ..,,,,,,,i,.....,,,,,,..,,,,.. Mexico City editors raised newspaper prices 50 percent to 3 pesos (15 cents). The government eontrols newsprint and there was no pinch last year despite a fire that consumed 50,000 tons of newQpriet Two new newspapers sprang up and newspapers even added new sec- , ' ,...,:.:..,,- 7.. i,,,- Liz....,...,..... ,,,..... - .. - . -- , .. ', ::.:1:::::,.1.,....',.,'.?5:,:7:.4.::.....:::'::::31:7-'jf:-'44 l';.'::'- 1::','1;i:',Z:,..:,,...:i.',..,t11::: .............................. ;: ........................... : .::". ' f.f:';;;. .: .'''...;;-'',.... i:,....:: ! , ., f... v; .:.. ' ?.... ,V;',,.. .;:.,;,...,;:t..,.k,.,...:y. 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I, ..,....;0101,,, ,. 4e.:.......irook 41..11.0 s.,..177....1t.2.-- , " 1 :3!4.:!:4::.,.. ft,Ote...4,4,,,,,,,r i .1',44 .S.:. ,,Al, ,.., y !,1;;'1.'. .;,, 1 ..r.ak. a '4. 4' '''c''!' ,,' y orl 1 ', Y'l , ....,.o.W.,-- V: ri;.. '.1i.' ,,o.S.sdrEllit - fii, I ,;ckil' , :: r r:,,effirs mor-.' , , - :,., - s ...t4 Ii.. ,7.il .A.... ,;if...It-I- , i. .11,..,- ,o''''' '.,4h,t -- v ,. 0,,.: ::.....itIrlt v,,,,..ot 4,,,,r2 xi A- , ''. '...A1-44'- k... ,.,,i-:,.- :.0' '.:;: .. ,..,f..... 71.:.'''' ,i ;,,,,o- .,........,. ...: kw '1r ''''' aor".. PC.,.. ,,,,, ....,::. ... .,..,,,,,,,..4.,...,,, ' .,,ra- - - , ;.f",:.:,..-..- ,, - PfpfnFlis- piTr.,,Itr:,?1Ivr4..40,-1-,4.41mrogrrom.0- INC. L rr - billion. ' It included seven 1,200 mines, an airline, a munitions works, assorted television :-properties and 30,000 acres of undeveloped desert. The Nevada casinos alone frequently handle more than $1 mildon in a day of wagering. The billionaire controlled most of his operations Surma Corporation through the Las Vegas-base- d and the Miami-base- d Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His papers show that, by ordinary standards, he had plenty of loose cash on hand. The year before he died, for example, Summa amassed $182,4 million in savings and liquid investments. Yet this was a decrease, the records disclose, of $32.5 million from the previous year. According to a secret analysis, Hughes was short of cash "to cover nonoperating and nonrecurring costs." With Edl these millions to juggle, the old eccentric sometimes lost track of huge sums. He failed, for instance, to cash 109 checks totalling $186,250.03 that were issued to him by the Hughes Tool Company between 1957 and 1961. His aides had to urge him to redeem the checks. He was also absent minded about his will, which explains the controversy that has now developed heirs. According to the secret among his would-b- e papers, there was confusion over which of two wills was the authentic version. In one memo, Hughes was informed that his former faithful secretary, Nadine Henley, "believes the will she has is the true will and she must have been given instructions in the past by you to keep it n will is the real will, it secure. If the could be that you had it updated later to the one (she) hotel-casino- s, - hand-writte- has." Concludes the memo: "You alone can compare one with the other and make whatever changes you deem necessary in your best interests." In reply Hughes scrawled at the bottom of the memo: "Will get down to constructing new will as soon as possible." This new will, if it were ever completed, now appears to be missing. (ct 1917, United Feature Syndicate, Inc. India holds spy suspects WASHINGTON (AP) Several Indian official's suspected of passing nuclear and industrial secrets to foreigners are under arrest in their own country, and one source says Americans may be involved. State Department and U.S. embassy officers In New Delhi declined all comment. citing President Carter's statement last week that the administration will not discuss live security issues. Foreigners involved in the ease were not identified, but one Indian source said, "Probably they are Americans." The Indian officials were arrested in early February and have been undergoing weeks of intensive interrogation, sour es say. There was no official announcement from the New Delhi government about the arrests. First sketchy accounts about the discovery of espionage network were confirmed earlier this week when India's national news agency, Samachar, reported the arrests of some senior civil servants. The news agency indicated the officials were being held for passing economic intelligence to foreigners. One newspaper, the ,Indian Express, reported that two foreigners presumably diplomatic spies had been expelled from India as a result of what the paper said was "one of the biggest ever espionage cases" to hit the countri:: The Indian government did not identify the two whG were expelled and U.S. officials refused comment when asked if theYwcre Americans. Those arrested by the Ind:an Iztelligence Bureau were said to include a senior assistant to Foreign Minister Y.B. Chavan, who had access to g documents; one senior and two members of the State Planning Commission, and ether personnel familiar with Indian industrial, economic and state planning programs. it top-secr- et lower-rankin- 4 -- , I t 1 |