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Show . , ,:.; t-- 4- - .r AC1, , ' a 7, 10,4,44 tr-- - ?s, As. 71, .741 t 5tAAta,.,&lwgitiosIlt-w- : - '.710-.- ; va ')7d A 3 ();s;:orl kifWN ItJE!)CAv. ei.7()Rtk New World: Drea mIs or grea 1 Editor's Note: This Is the second of IS articles and the first of a three-padiscussion of the general subject of the New World as Utopia. 1 Ey WLithrop D. Jordan Copley News Service - "44.4 t rt I the .. . ' ;:d .,... Thc country Ya headed for - ..z ,zilt'' V,--f.:.- . 4o.1! lof I, - - . ; , '...-- . . 0 ...no , '",... 4,,,, :T01, 11 100 k prz.....f.: . , .0oov 11r ti -- '- --- ''', , . or, ' fk ;g1)t---r .'1;i.;!?' 14, "11 wittirt,,, - ;-- ur.u...Tikl.060...41"" - ..,,,p- -,- - , --- , . .,..::, . - ' . ,k...lt Ar J.Pt . qttr !. , ..): --- 'I, 1 4 f:Si. mist ,. lb....11-1trobtf- 'car - s.. .er lit.....,....:46 -' A.:. ::- ,,, goo etl'olkas ,. ... - --- 1 a . 1...,- . "4 K , - it -- k . itz, - 4 'i r.' k' eTitille.13',, 4,,,,TrVirt"",c774),,. , WetIdtitiitko' - 1:,17'c"a" . 1... , ." - - -- It.T.t. ...4. ... .. ,, IL , x r'','"i 4 ,F.,.. - 4,4,,-- . tit 1 - tv..,1 'rl" . - Society plans legal action on horses 1 months atm to ask about the horses ',htxr at 2lt,t Smdt! ?re! tiolf I. st. Ntku told me that they did receive enoKh fetid and water to sustain them. and that a shelter was under construction, Well. there's no shelter therc yet. :Ind the 141 im goliti Luray ',1;f;t:ll tt poor horses sill srt-ti- t C. 0.. Salt Lake city. check on it again' The Humane Soddy ot Utah 14,s re,ived mcr ! A 4 4,if t" - 1 , 0,7,',4..4:4,I , wracking Political, religious. and social changes, which seemed at times to turn on the tortuous marital difficulties of Henry VIII. It was no until three generations had passed that began intere1 to in Engliahmen take an active exploiting the claim estai;liswil Cabot the by oy a ges. suddenly. in the imitate' of venturers became interested in the New WorId. It was not merely a matter of mounting a voyage to America 0:- of atually going tier( Rather 1570s. a gentIemen-ad- which ,;( inip of thPm did) I was above all necessary to rouse the English nation or (as we would nOW sap to, advertise the desirability colonization. Some men did both. Sir Humphrey Gilbert. for example. not only wrote the first promotional tract 0576i but himself led two expeditions. It proved easier to ady ,,cate colonization than to achieve it. His first voyage never reached America: the secr&did, but Sir Humphrey was lost at sea on the was' back. of of was last seen senton in Fic, the fishing smack, reading.(of all thingsl a copy of Ntrire's "Utonia " s stern-sheet- of a ten-to- n settlement . 7 2 IVItarztaoSti;pftristi Preacher Hakluyt, Itelw7t ()f economic: yYliti:",s' Giibert's half-brothe- Elizabeth. commonly called "A Discourse Concerning Western Planting- - (1584). which set forth the ease for "cheap rriht comn- IR sold to the Indians and particularly might a market be found for English vkoolens. Some reasons looked as much to social as to financial advantaFlp unemployed mariners. returning war veterans, and 'the fry of the wandering beggars of England. that grow up idly" might in America be put to gainful employments. A point not to be neglected was that "we shall by planting there enlarge the glory of the gospel. and from England plant sinbv cere lialduyt meant. naturally. Yet clearly Protestantism what most animated his 11,,!:0, the fulcrum be Wittild W IIII .11 io EliittS-.1.- As he eloquentiv phrased the inviter. "This enterprise may stay the Spanish king from flowing over all the face of that waste firmament cf .rneriea if ue spat Anil plant there in tine. It was a bold suggestion: this was before the defeat of the Armada and Ilakluyt was urging the English nation to take on the Opposi- super-powe- r. tion to Spain wrapped national pride, financial gain. and religious faith into a single glorious enterprise. As Hakloyt pot the matter, planting in America would enable the English to spoil Philips navy, and to deprive him of yearly passage of his treasure to Europe, and conse,Facntly ta bath the pride ef Spain and of the support ?r nt toe great Antichrist of Home.- - The New World order the HEADER In Search of THE AMERICAN DREAM." use the coupon printed belo,v. or write to THE NEW AMERICAN LIBRARY, INC U.). Box 999. Bergenfield, N.,1 07621. Inchide the list price S4.50 (Reader; andlor $2.50 tStud: Goide,. plus 27,c per copy to cover handling and mailing cost S. Plea,e send t 11,..k or money orxr oo( urrenLy To and.,or. STUDY GUIDE FOR THE NEW AMERICAN LIBRARY, INC. P.O. Box 999, Bergenfield, New Jersey 07621 of P43ase send me AMERICAN DREAM READER A Mend:on F422. SI 50) Please send me cooylcooses of AMERCAN DREAM. STUDY GUIDE (A Moridtan Per: F423. $2 50) am enclosing a tolal of IN 'SEARCH OF THE IN SEARCH OF THE t ,n.i. great wss it is the in deo: that 01(1 Euro- To tach natheli il !age:, 4:1 the :;i,A World wt're enh.inced hy the knowled,,,c that When, IL ere them. Interest in Anwrica was in reality the begituiihe. of nearly five hundred years Europvan exploit 7tiois, !Id natural repeoples of the remainder By Louis Harris percent. the By American people are convinced that President Ford was wrong to give a full and complete pardon to former President Nixon." Public opposition to the pardon runs so deep that the memory of it is not likely to disappear any time soon and may .very well cloud over hang a long-terthe administration of PresifiOni Gerald Ford. 3 The following iesults indicate just how strongly the public believes that the pardon was "wrong': 8 percent, a majority agrees vith the statement that "by pardoning Former President Nixon, President Foql has said, in :effect, that tlicre arc twe standards of justice, one for -By I -- prominent people, and another tor most other Zeus, and that is wrong citi- percent. a ma "the pardon that feels 7.i,orit,,yhas made the system of jiWice in this country look ,eak, and hypocniten! loubt that Then: By 6I-3- 2 Y 74) City AeI HARRIS 4rSURVEY public faith in the system of justice in the country. which was already low, has been dealt a serious blow. By 76,17 percent, a ident Nixon now pardoned, the full story of Watergate will not be completely known for the record, and that is had " A 56 percent majority -reports that it would have felt better about the pardon if the former President had been brought to trial." Fifty-twpercent would 'hav e felt better about the pardon if he had made a full confession of o his Ina- jority agrees that "if former President Nixon was guilty of obstructing justice Or abuse rL rower in the Watergate case, he should have had ti.) stand trial -1- 3y 7443 percent. a strong majority feels that former President Nixon was guilty of o conspirator to being a obstruct justice ii the Watergate coverup," and. by 5 percent. that he was guilty "of abusing the power of the Presidency in misusing tie FBI, the CIA, the Secret Service and thc 1nterna! Revenue Service.- guilt" arguments Mr. Ford has used to justify his issuing The rut: talie toetti by the public: pariuu :r,rf-ent- with the with 1.,: met Pres rrits: ngrees neW. a mast:itrr- By 59-3- 7 percent. it a ma- jority does not agrm that 'President Ford was right to pardon Nixon because he lel! the former President had already suffered enough.-By percent. a plur -a!ity t!MF mit agree that a trial of forrricr 48-3- percent, a majority does not agree that vilth former President Nixon in had mental and physical health. it was right for President Ford to issue a 62-2- 9 By pardon.- - 9 By percent, a majority also does not believe 'now that Nixon has been pardoned, the country can rightfully close the book on the Watergate case." Most people feel that doubts and suspicions will-- continue to Unger on with the full story never being told.. 65-2- The Affiericar, people are most disturbed because they felt that not only was the countr's system of justice brushed aside by the pardon, but also that the full story of Watergate will not ever emerge. 74-1- the counfty into warring factions. which would he had. However, when the Harris Survey asked if the people polled believed "President Ford probably had a deal with Nixon tr.', pardon him 3 before he resigned," percent rejected the possibility, The public dpes not doubt the Presidents motives in issuing me pardon. but does feel that he made a hDd a cross section of 1,544 adults was asked nationwide: ,27, -As you know, President Ford has given former President Nixon a full and i:Offlplete paton for any crimes he committed or may have committed while in office. Do You feel it was right or wrong for President Ford to have given .former President Nixon a full Spaniards had been motivated by the lust for treasure which drove Cortez awl so many of his followers. Some came to save souls and, as they conceived it. to better the lot of their Indian jects: Vasco de Quiroga, first bishop of Michoacan, successfully organized two villages on the priticipies laid down in Thomas more's -- Utopia.- But such utopian ventures were exceptional, and for the Sr anil: conquerors the primary issue was gold. n Although the Spanish claimed a monopoly on the entire New World, in fact they effectively controlled those accessible portions of South ad Cet:ii al ft r,rk where precious metals were readily available. Englishmen, enormously frustrated by this fact, of necessity locused their attention elsewhere in America, It took the English a long time to realize that they were not going to find much gold themselves and even longer to appreciate that they had not becn shunted into the less of the New :lcsirable r. World. Sir Walter Raleigh was so firmly convinced that the gilded city of !" El Dorado" actually existed in South America that he mounted a disastrous attempt to found an English colony in Guiana. Another as Elizabethan adventurer in the f thi in seare,h A-- 7 R 33 Wrong Not sure fo 1) t weer, ''''rstP1111')Pr 23 PUBLIC FEELING ABOUT THE PARDON tora A e ct.A 0, e? Pet, Pet. Would have felt better 52 56 have made any difference Wouldu Would,have felt worse To determine what iniztit have somewhat softened the blow delivered by the pardon, ptnple were asked: 47-3- cidgment. about the pardon of former President. Nixon it he had been brought to trial. or wouldn't that have made any difference to you?" pardon" Total Public Pct. Would you have felt better about the pardon of former lklivion if he Pr t made a full confession of his guilt. or wouldn't that have made any difference to you7 voo have telt better and Nixon not guilty I Not sure I t In essence the public indicates in its response that it believes Richard Nixon is guilty even triongli neither admitted it nor been proven mi through the indielAt pri.ppcs tv 11- move the :o hors-,- j ordered a petticoat and sissy pants from the Shop, Alhambra. Calif. for S25, to. Since then I've written to them inquiring about the order and lune also wrItten to the magazine where I read the ad. I had any espouse from the shop, and though the magazine advised :hem to honor my order. they haven't done so. Can you help?-1-1.- 11.. Price. fin the or order issue you a refund, whIch ever They'll you ,.vould like, They said they waited to till your order hee:i use. you told them that you'd be leax ing on an Vxtended trip in your April letter, imd that you wouldn't be there to receive the merchandist They thought you would write them when you returned Ako. they say that the persomiel of the small shop wet e injured in a car .-act. 'dent this summer, eziusing them get way behindI Do-Sa-- I :.7. Greenland Studios, Miami. Fla. has sert ILIL, Salt Lake City, a $6.95 refund tor the book she returned to them last February. Longines Symphonette. New Rochelle. N.Y., has filially canc7lled the account of LS.. Salt Lake City, who paid in full and requesied cancellation in May. WM., Salt Lake City, should soon receive the necl.lace she grdered :rom American consumer. Inc.. Westport. Conn. in April. Timex Corp.. Little Roek, Ark , has mailed La, Salina, a watch to replace the one lost in transit to her. 1 I i: 1 , ,, , OUR MAN I I I ; 44 li slkt1 lulxv l',1 r), ,i . I, ,,,:-.I' - i4i''. ... Lls, By Harry Japes 1 Deseret News staff writer A friend of mine has a theory that early man beanie a polite person more from necessity than as a natural thing, 41 For what it is worth, he says that back when men s clubs were a hefty hunk of tree trunk- - carried on the person, mayhem was the name of the game. A liorl meeting a body eoming through the rye, or whatever cavemen came through in those days. had three choices: He could sneak away from the stranger. rush up and bash him on the noggin. or he could keep walking toward the other fellow all the time smiling and dropping his St. . Louie slugger. Plans one and two certainly didn't enlarge the guys circle ot friends. so plan three gained in favor: In time, the show ol empty hands bit was refined until it included extending the right hand and grasping the other fellow's right hand. This showed that your hitting hand was empty. Eventually it became the shaking hands routine. He also has a theory about hats. He claims that hack before knighthood started to bloom. a soldier made his prisoner undress. It not.only made the prisoner a bit chilly at times. but at all times. humble. By the time the knights of the round table were pi aneing around Camelot, the practice had modified to just a token. The prisoner would take off his headgear. Still later. all the humble guys, who wanted to show they were really humble. would take off their hats. Thai is how the tipping of the hat hit got started. and men take of f their hats in an elevator when a tatty is esent. pi Today we cover our mouths when we sneeze tor sanithry reason. It was a bit more setious in less antiseptic days. my friend reports. He said it was the belie! that the spirit lived Inside the body in the form of wind or breath I've known a lot of people who are lull of wind. The people of a past age however. thOLIht a person had one good sneeze at the moment of death. They took to putting a hand to their fortoth when they felt a sneeze coming on. It was a matter of saving their life. they thought. Some fellow of that day felt a sneeze commg en. Its worldly affairs were tar from orderly. so he prayed. From that came the expresition. "God bless you.- - when someone sneezed. It is considered rude to point in public, This comes from people in the dark ages thinking someone upstairs would put the "whammy" on you if you pointed. Some of chefs of castle days discovered they could pyTeove the taste of the wine by dipping burned bread ,.:, gamkatnclita . I a S into it. That is where the tat about drinking a toast came am, my old friehd rverts, He diaaso have a theory on hv kids aren't as polite loday as they were nast a few ye,irs age. WITS END: I was going to put my two cents' worth li-- gihrr rhY. 1'9r kteith ai n corverention at the inflatitai. it's now- a quarter! fi nf-f.- Trituro. H MINI DO ITS - ,.: FORD RIGHT TO GRANT NIXON PARDON? ;o1 batftt See NEW on Page Nixon would have polarized lif caused delay p in March of posed Northwest. Passage to the Orient: hei became so diverted by his discovery of "gold" that he hauled several Name I iM Smash-u- The Spanish had begun such exploitation of the New World new ly a century before the English. Not all 1570s '23 iter another held where sliciter and four-lo-g is None 01 these promises, including the Aug one that we reported to you. have been kept The Humane t;t take the mint! to court nut thoyli Society no, wunct wait till A inlet uhen they think the adlen-wcath,:r eive them a better chance of uanninl the Mealm hide. 111k t ay there's no strong cvidcnee ca nt.21,:c:.trition UI the animals But thcy h;,;ve asked the :atc vflet ran and the US Deth;l'.i.le;it of At.:aull't or: to conduct an inspect ienutist the . 60 pct. of Americans say the Nixon pardon was wrong 60-3- I hot sun. l'hen on Sept n perceptions of ,.nierica Acre from the begulning very much shaped by European national rivalries. Ix made three voyages Addtess ,1111,1i M ! v,,-ab- - WAS Ilakleyts Dkenttr,efear that all these advantages might accrue not to the English nation but to some one else AO h (.1 sources worlds a few 1 he was a Sir Walter Raleigh, he addressed a tract to Queen national reasons were Some as successful preacher of divinity: more ellectively though, he preixhed to the entire literate English nation the importance and indeed necessity of English planting In the New World. Today it still is possible to sense the stirring impact of his glorification of the cause. iAs was -once said ol him. Master Hakluyt hath served for a very good trumpet.') At the a program. Ilakluyt's "Discourse" was a persuasive "collection tit certain reasons to induce Her Majesty and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there." The greatest English publicist of American settlement was Richard Hakluyt the Younger). Known as called yon owner on numerous occasions in Fclt I he sivd l' mos e the arittna'. b:;n: ZUne he S:ild ht"Nas moving the aluict:iiis tcatlier ; out ot .re county. Aut.,,. In ile ht,..ik tor lite animals to t...1e them some ;li', 'foal tile 717 .- 4,i, ' - ' '..,t.a.'il''..al'',:;,:r.e.kfiiiiWit! 1g .114 4.:, 4 ,dp,, - -- 41 . ' - ' - r 11';' ,r7Z14 . , J rw,l'et: , Li,NE y-- . 19"..1 :,34 , AcTioN 111V, I . rs I I 71 -t ' -- . ,, - ' 't,, , 4 " . . 44 - ..1.4,w '3 1 Z: "- - . tb - .,'11',:-4- :. . . ... .7.:: 4., le, ;.- . .... - ,, -, V . .------ .7 , .0 11, ' . . iA tII,. globe -- I .24 . - -- way for landings retrospect, the landing of Columbus could be sa;r1 to have p. :wed on the moon 500 years later. (Drawing courtesy of Bettmann Archive.) .1 Tr - . ' P' Itatmt 4 e' ' 1.1A, READI, r.r rA p In search of !he ilinettriM Bream a AA b"T7 -- 44,; tea, "Ilditttr.l.P111461 . - In ::V't ; ; - . 4:14:4?01 ,e' NEWSPAPEn '1 I- -. ifornia, Berkeley. has come a long way ::: since his 1931 Massachusetts ,':$ tfitth and eventual under!:j ,:!i:,':':'" 4 graduate work at Harvard J'"' ' 2, A hr,,,. I, rt ,,,,. n;, ori 11; c A P d P i4.,:,.i:',A5 Zi gree in 1953. Atter Harvard, he -- it , ; obtained his master's at Clark ' t ' University i n 1957 and his Ph.D. ' at Brown University in 1960. ... Jordon was His first job, strant-rely- , not in history hut as a home office management trainee with the Prudential Life Insurance Co After spending 1953-5- 4 with Prudential, however: he started up the educational ladder, serving first two years as a history instructor at Phillips Exeter Academy. Then he went to Brown, won a fellowship at the Institute of Early American History and Cultuce, Williamsburg, Va., and on to Berkeley in 1963. He has been at the Berkeley campus since then. rising in 1969 to full professor of history. He has won several awards or excellence in historical writing and teaching, including being named a Guggenheim tell016 He also has received the Ralph Waldo Emerson award (Phi Beta Kappa-19681- , the Parkman prize, National Book award and Bancroft prize He is a member of several historical groups and of the board of editors, Reviews in American History. His writings include several studies of slavery in colonial days and other books on race relations. His Courses by Newspaper articles cover the early days of colonization and all the problems and joys encountered by the new Americans. OP. , r" Ill' ,- -- -- - ,.., u . 44.."11Z394' it'r AN.:Cal Jordan trl:,:,,, fts ., - ,t1,,, .-' CaUVI;i7, 7.- lj''. I , c - . Jordan. author Winthrop today's itild the next two articles in the Courses by Newspaper series. is a prizywiiiiii.ig historian with an atitstaridy:',isAii,,:::A,: ing reputation among his coIt.',14",'F4,: leagues at the University of tg ' .Z. 1 ' 11.. - :P- - - ' ,..,ly 71 ' ,, : D. t. 1'3,, ,, ",1;11,1, 64IL 01 Today's author tr 4, ,Itomparm.,04 7,10--- - at. , tilt.- ..., ,4401dh- 41 ti'', ,V.' ' - -- -. .' ''' 0;:!-. g -- ww0111210.,..,, osa ..."..'.. ' - 1 - BY 4114P17' '- ,!,,,x ' I OUR titt GOLImSE 5 11,04,1,4t414:,5, :Ili p , ..rele",., -- .t' .4, - )1-- - -7- ,,,,,,.7 4r.-- 111 641.)1 4,4; ,,, , rit A z-- , 1 1, r ' v --- - --- - -- "Vt1C-'411:17.- .! Ni, -1- , A .7. etv .tir:10c,fti. t47 .117,,-- " . . - ft- . .... 44,;;;L - . I 1I . 'IN.. ..1. 1 ti,rdOta ' r . r , 14 't,..',.,-.041- n:11 -. de. a ' , ,,,,,,, :1)-b------ 4.. f ...:ficil .., ,, ,1 : iebapr IT, Y - rry 4... .0.7 .,. . i'(F.6fIft;..W J1 2 , . lk .4"1"4 .., ' 41,0..Vinno,. 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"1111.,....7.... 1 4 : I; .100Nra.! ; , 0 - L;ij ' -., 1 .,:. .k.,-...aowi,-- ,,...4:0;,4, , ...., ,,goo,...,..... - .... ! ,,,- ...., ' - t..411k4 .,,,...140...C".1"-:...--",,..,- ...."koc2 ,... - ... 4 - ...p, -- .Sir A 1 r".... - APqnr,r,o 1.7.1. . - 4 44:')-4- - .. 1101, Thomas fellow Engikhmen were late in taking ,;Jeat an interest in the lands beyond the Atlantic. tfad it twit been for voyazes in die by John and Sebastian Cabot, two mariners somewhat effhendedly supported by Henry VII, England might not have been able to lay claim aviong the Christian nations to original discovery and therefore settlement, As it was, England was just beginning to recover from a period of civil strife. - 4,,,... - - - .... - ., it vidiv,:::101:;r ,: ,to.:c.. , -- ..,k - -7- -- ,i. tiNve511,; -7 the Old World. I 11 iL- 16th Century. to write -Utopia." In this book about an ideal eountrN. Ntore used the unspoiled novelty of the new lands as a foil for exposing the stale failures of 1 : 1E Indies. r '- , - . .. ... . 4,... . 4 IA vrTti tr)p,..-.-, : 441Y;r4r1;itITZ - - . -- .....- -- g . , , ,e ..; .0010 fft.,, ., -,- -P . . Europeans thus corfronted a world that was truly new. It was precisely the newness of the New World which EtIMU1:it Pd Sir Thomas More, in the sought-fo- MP. air Shortly after his discoveries, it became clear that America rim not China and the "Indians" not natives of I , r,2,. . It requires effort to realize what a powerfol impact the voyages of Columbus had upon the European imagmathiii. By comparison, it could be argued, recent landings on the moon have been of no very great ininniianee 2no indeed are merely one more extension of the historic proctis begun bi Columhtm I ' WO... , ,ottht ' t Zr) MM.4.,,a1.. fr9 |