Show editorials I 1 commercial bOM commercial fig tye MERCIAL RELATION RELATIONS 0 OP ri 0 t THE THI E UNITED UNITI STATES mam THE letter ietter from hon 1 wm M fey jey fv aris y secretary 6 ere tary of state to I 1 llon lion samuel J ikan Itan randall daJ speaker of th the 0 house rouse i of representatives dated mayast Ma at 1880 transmitting the annual repart upon the commercial relations lations soi sol of th the e united state for the year 1879 contains much that is in tio and interesting the document ia is more properly a detail detailed ed mate maent maen of th e commerce of the tiie share of our nation therein In introducing the matter the secretary says reports received tirom rom nom wa foreign ga consuls and oth es s indicate fia that t european trade tou lowest ast pst depths in tb the tho e latter at part of 1878 since which timo jimoh a gradual but cheering improvement industry of all kinds hinds has been noticeable the general rovivie revival vii vid in this country in 1879 caused greater impo importations from abroad noad and to this faiths fact is largely arge lydio due the improvement in europe daring during the year we imported im of fad from orom france germany and great britain increase an gri in in quantity of the first named nation exported d to us an increase 1 in increase 0 of th the tho e merchandize merchandise dize consisting cha ohi chi enyou fly af dry goods silks jewelry tihes es e ete etc tc germany german increased its export to ursu cotton manufactures to the while 4 great britain sent u us iron tin linen linan and woolen goods and nd earthen and china ware in a quantity increased 27 over the previous years ex export in ahks this 60 connection n lection the secretary touches 0 on n the subjects of protection and free trade germany it aswell known adopted tariff laws during last year which unmistakably declare her inability to compete with foreign 1 manufacturers notwithstanding her boasted cheap and economical no labor to the banner of ciote piote protection 1 fotion flocked ij all the nations of europe except engi Engl england and a ad the Ne netherlands netheria therla theria which are still fre free sree trade emde faso fast snow show ing a disposition to pro protect teet feet her industries bv by a tariff and the only regaining 1 a 1 n i ea nation the mains 1 i 1 1 free trade only because in that policy does it find its best protection the secretary therefore advises a careful and disinterested stand on the th e subject of odthe the revision of our tariff laws so much agitated of late in order ordel that we may not foolishly throw open our ports when europe has closed hers against us comparative statistics of thenor ei eign co of great britain and frances brau Fran fg rau ran ceas compared with that of tile the united states are given at g great r eat length and in precise detail A short newspaper artic article lecaiR yean jean merely touch on bh these theme matters and we make room only for fot a gaii general summary ot the whole orffie total trade with anrica africa of great britain holds holm d I 1 y over one half the in IP b t t bating only to iee the extent t of about six and aud anyone one oue half million dollars but the exports from this country to africa comprise ofaf over four millions of this sum while the french frinch exports and imports are about equal and the british imports are upwards ot of fifteen dollars J ink n excess of its ex parts dark continent for the year ending august 1879 1400 vessels had passed through the suez canal of this floes flees fleet the british flag floated over 1127 and the am navy navy was represented by bya a single war vessel the fhe cande cance of our trade X therefore afore avi with th egypt and all africa is not to be wal wel wondered dered at we lack vessels to trans transport rt our wares and we wo lack iner merchants chants there to introduce and enlarge our commerce of commerce with american nations odside of the tho united states the total amount carried on reaches the value of of this great britain controls upwards of the united states staten about and france in iii this instance american exports to the united states are in excess of the import imports theR th eFrench rench export and import trade is about equal and hild En glands import sto this continent are beav below the exports received in the foregoing statistics the united states are not included and if w we e except our nation atis 1 curious timote that in the m meree merce engaged in inthe anthe the tho little west veil veeo india islands are far ahead of ail nil oilier other american countries aiex Alex mexican jean ican data as to the commerce mirco of tile the country county is difficult to obtain and I 1 js exceed exceedingly i unreliable iti its certain however that acon a con eon sid erable decrease occurred in 1879 compared with tho the preceding year yearn in in the tilo value of united states exports to the tho sister republic this f falling I 1 ing aff off is 14 found in live stock provisions anions catton goods iron and its manufactures tobacco and wineard wine and maybo maybe may be traced solely to the tariff and contraband jaws laws which are the opt edt of much consular complaint asias nt commerce reaches the figure of 11 la of which tile the united states has fifty five millions and england gur sigr pur hundred and a nd sixty six millions the exports from the united stages states to asia are lesa thana than a third in balue value of what we receive from that contin coutin continent eitt eilt british britis i h india is ahead of every other cou country n with china closely following A melancholy feature of the china trade is the tile fact that its import of opium is is greater than its export of tea when it is also considered that the cultivation of the poppy is quite an industry in the celestial e empire m 11 it may maybe be concede con ced i ed that that tho the use of the dreadful drug us is beyond all control if the reports of the chinese restrictions on 04 its own vessel vessels being remo removed ved veO provo prove a as important m 1 1 t ap as anticipated a g great are at change 9 9 in asian commerce and even in in that of the whole world may be expected within a few years year australasian alasia whose rapid progress in n commercial affa affi affairs airs in the past few years have earned for it the appellation of lof the great britain of the southern hemisphere is a reflex to 0 a certain extent of obrown our own mar maritime improvement nonofficial ko No official report of its trade is quoted later than 1878 at that time its total imports from the three nations great britain united states an and d france amounted to one hundred and three millions and its tot total al exports to one hundred and six millions the whole trade export and import of fratic france with the fifth contine continent nty reached the insignificant sum of two million dollars that of the united states amounted to about eight millions while all the rest was monopolized d by the li ii 11 fini mistress stress of the seas 11 australasian Austral alasia asias Is imports are principally wearing apparel are woolen and cotton goods andiron and iron and steel its exports consist chiefly of or wool and wheat the commerce of europe e as given in n the Secret Secre drys brys hryb document is for the thu year 1878 during that year the continent had transacted a total foreign forean trade reaching the enormous value of the total exports aro are about one billion dollars le less ss man than the imports in the following countries however the imports are re less than the exports united kingdom ing dom S spain pain austria hungary hungry furkey and russia Eu ropes imports from the united sl states ites reached seven hundred and oven agven millions andhor and her bor exports to us amounted to two hundred and forty five millions A A grand total of the commerce of the ibe world shows shoves its amount to be great E britain does of the whole france does and the re pule pull lie of tee the united states is little behind b etli a commerce of our export of manufactures as te well weil lad lag as agricultural products has assumed proportions quite alarming to the older nations of the world and it is found easier to compete in foreign markets even oven with the drawbacks df heavy protective tariff than to stop our progress at home it is an en encouraging coura ng fact that every determined effia effort on our part to introduce our exports into foreign ni markets rats has bas met with abundant success cess and i nd ilow flow now that we are at peace with the world have a fair prospect for our future and are receiving daily skilled workmen from all parts of the earth it is safe to predict that before long we shall have representatives in every port our products at every market and our ships on every sea subterranean WATER SUPPLY THE tile omaha jwu Jou ican icah publishes an n article by prof C D wilber written from salt halt lake di city 1 Y 1 giving some particulars of a trip across the plains and advancing the writers theory of water supply for the valleys of the rocky mountains we pla pia make hedlie tile alie following extract which though iti snot exactly henys new similar idea ideas s havi having been previously advanced yei yee yetis of interest to the setti settlers erson on this we western stern stenn slope and may induce some somo enterprising men to 0 bore wre forthe for the precious fludd evl which 1 i life to vege vegetation tation and wealth beaith to the agriculturist agriculture alst in these arid r regions e I 1 I 1 i we obtained many measurements bf common wells along the entire route not only in western nebraska but in the valleys beyond lodge pole the tile laramie rock bock creek bitter crek creek medicine bow muddy green grel driver bear river weber river and the streams ot of salt lake valley the statis statistics gathered both concern concerning hig the depth depoli and the quantity of water prove the existence of a vast supply of water for all ordinary purposes at depths varying from 20 to feet this subterranean supply has always been ignored but now since water is often wanted a anted at places beyond the convenience of a running ditch a cheap well witha with a wind mill or a common bucket or pump reveals the existence of water everywhere this water exists in immense beds or strata of sand and aa gravel ve 1 towards which it constantly grav gravitates from the annual motin mountain tain snows or rain and as it has taken ages for itsue its accumulation and the construction of its reservoirs it is not probable e that modern use will sensibly diminish the amount thus stored in these cou countless countiess n natural cisterns in the ten thou thousand sand valleys bf bathe the tho great rocky bocky aio alo buntain ranges to orre one giving this subject the least attention it is evident that mountain ridges which receive rains suid said snows send them by their steep sides not only to the plains below but following the rocky slant far ran deeper down to me various strata strato of sands and gravel which were ground assorted and distributed enthat in that grand old mill of the glaciers repeating this process year by year as snow and lee ice an and d rain brought by the storm and wind w I 1 nd fulfilling his word as the centuries passi pass are thus held in reserve the result is inevitable that all valleys large and small shall shail ultimately ti contain measureless stores of water in their lower depths thus the physical conditions of valleys and more especially of mountain valleys compel them to be water reservoirs holding such volumes as the materials of the valley debris may determine following these relations of cause and effect it will appear that the mountainous regions of our country in I 1 n regard to water resources may have certain advantages over prairie and plain whose highest elevations are merely mere ay divides at low altitude here in great salt lake valley our theory as just given finds abundant proof in all directions for many miles are thousands of farms large and small full freighted with ripening arld and garnered crops on the list of grains or fruits or roots nothing desirable or valuable is left out the rewards of labor labon in in farming are as eer certain taia tala ii and nd full as in the eastern states nor mor is this vast production wholly based upon irrigation one will see south of ogden many thousands of acres cultivated lay what they term dry farming farina in in which only the co common ram rain and snowfall snow fall is used by fall plowing and proper seeding geeding good crops are ara rais rals raised ed but we must finish our travel picture here is the desert of deseret now a blooming and fruitful garden but jut recently a barren waste all hese these prosperous farms and homes came camp up gut put of or the soil first planted and by brigham young and his ills followers on jordans peaceful hanks banks in tha summer 0 of f 1847 nor has las there therb been a signal crop failure since that time T no one doubts that this spacious valley galley cap can sustain more people yet this is only one of many thousand busand valleys in the moun mountains talim constructed ted by the same geological agencies and supplied by abunda abundant rit water from the same unfailing fountains ex uno discs prompted by this modem modern mira clethis complete transition from a barren and lio tio desert to a land of plenty wrought out of human industry have havo lave we not the surest guaranty in the future for the occupation and use uso beof of all am our domain upon a scale hardly conceivable at presen present tV the dumping of offal from the streets ofner york into the harbor has tit attracted sharks arks to the vicinity which come to watch for pieces of or meat carcasses etc and bathers have baye leen been been thrown into consternation by the appearance of the voracious anim animals alg aig and pilots tell big stories of the ocean monsters THE MILES ILES lles APPEAL CASE tiie tim mile mlle nii ali ei case is one of th the 0 causes of utah and is likely to be of the united states As is pretty well known to our readers john H miles was indicted for polygamy under the act of 63 and after a trial in which great injustice was palpable towards the tile defendant and several new departures were made from long accepted rules of jurisprudence in which also Prest D H wells was committed to the penitentiary for two tivo days for anle anne alleged ged contempt because he would not answer irrelevant jire I 1 evant and impertinent questions having no bearing on the case a at t ba bar but designed to force the witness to disclose secret ceremonies of a religious character the defendant was convicted and sentenced to five live years imprisonment and a fine of one hundred dollars the case casenas was appealed to the supreme court of the territory ry and the decision of the lower court being affirmed was taken up to th the e supreme court of the united states stafe under the provisions of the poland bill efforts have been made to advance the cause on op the caien calen ca ien len darand from a d dispatch patch which appears in another column it looks as though the case cash may be argued at thel thes oto eto october term of the court as it is one of great importance hn Jm folio following g a ari q the errors assigned eged by chiau counsel eaf erf for or t the he r ap appellant appelian pellan peilan t ars tilford and ha gan of this city now comes said bald plaintiff in error and assigns the following errors committed by the supreme court of tle the territory of utah in affirming the judgment of the district court of utah territory in this case pot fot or the reasons following to wit first fir st the court erred in allowing the attorney for the united states to ask the jurors or any of them if they believed in polygamy or that he be or they belonged to the mormon church or in |