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Show GUEST EDITORIALS DESERET NEWS SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH We Stand For The Constitution Of The United States The Capital Skin Game As Having Been Divinely Inspired 10 A EDITORIAL PAGE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1968 Free Press, Fair Trial Not Incompatible A wife apparently in good health dies suddenly and an autopsy, prompted by suspicious circumstances, finds she has been poisoned with a rare drug. Her husband, a pharmacist, ir, arrested and charged with the crime. He signs a confession, and police find he has been married to two previous wives, both dying suddenly in similar circumstances. How much can the press report? Under a proposal now before the American Bar Association, apparently the public could be told only the defendants name and the charge. Prohibited would be information about prior criminal record of the defendant, his character or reputation, use of confessions, ballistics tests, fingerprints and the Identify, testimony or credibility of prospective witnesses. Termed the Reardon Report, the proposal will be acted on Monday by the ABAs House of Delegates in a Chicago meeting. Strong opposition to the Reardon Report is developing r within the bar associations own ranks. The American Trial Lawyers Assn, denounced the report in its meeting in Las Vegas this week as placing unnecessary restrictions on police officials, lawyers, the courts and the press in its attempt to solve the problems arising out of fair trial and free press, and says the solutions are of dubious constitutionality and of doubtful practical value. Clearly the report is another round in the constant battle between the press and the bar over interpretation of two amendments to the Constitution. The First Amendment provides: Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech or of the press. The Sixth Amendment says: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial. No one can argue against a fair trial a phrase which never appears in the Constitution but which nevertheless is well grounded in constitutional law. Washington society is agog. You might say n is on the spot. You might say the fur is flying. It seems that Yusuf O. Azhari, charge d'affaires of the Somalia embassy, let the cat out r.f the bag when he said his country in 1962 gave Jackie Kennedy $30,000 worth of leopard skins. Mrs. Kennedys spokesman insists she doesn't double Still, she has a breasted coat that made style history. nigh-fashio- Whats causing catty comments along the capital cocktail circuit now is that Somalia gan Muriel Humphrey skins similar to those Azhari said Somalia gave Mrs. Kennedy. But Mrs. Humphrey is, it appears, unlikely t0 show up in a leopard skin coat. Congress passed an act in October, 1966, prohibiting U.S. officials and their wives from accepting personal gifts of this kind from foreign countries if they cost $50 or more. So the leopard skins, along with other gifts including an uncut diamond from the Congo and an Ethiopian gold necklace collected on the recent African swing, have been turned over to the State Department. A 'Leisure Explosion? 25,000-membe- mid-wint- But whether publicity is actually prejudicial cannot be determined as a blanket condition for all cases and has been so declared by the courts. No court, a California opinion asserts, can fairly determine in advance that . . . pre-tripublicity will result in prejudice to the accused in all cases, no matter how much such publicity may be deplored. The problem is further explored by Superior Judge Robert Gardner, another California jurist: Denial to the press of . . , information sounds fine when one thinks of a friendless soul facing trial with public passions being whipped into frenzy by an intemperate press. But lets assume a corrupt administration wishes to cover up a legitimate story concerning . . . some of its personnel. Cannot the same tool be used?" Just how much alleged pre-triprejudice actually affects jury verdicts is the object of a $150,000 study of fair trial and free press now under way by the American Newspaper Publishers Association. Certainly the American Bar Association owes it to its own code of justice to delay its accusations against the press until all the evidence is in. pre-tri- al al pre-tri- al al How Not To Help Theres a lesson for all Americans in the report that the governments Indian problems stem from excessive federal paternalism. Thats what a University of Utah audience was told this by Dr. William Carmack, assistant commissioner of the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affair, and its quite an admission. Of course, it would be an to blame the plight of the American Indian entirely on federal paternalism. Paternalism has been mixed with neglect, betrayal of agreements, and discrimination. On the part of some Indians there has also been superstition and resistance to change. Despite these influences, its unmistakably clear that Indian development has been hampered by misguided federal benevolence. Thats the finding not only of Dr. Carmack, but lalso of Indian Affairs Commissioner Robert L. Bennett, who has spoken of paternalisms stifling effects. Significantly, Bennett himself is an Indian, a member of the Oneida tribe. These admissions should give pause to Americans in all tyalks of life, who are being subjected to more and more grants-in-ai- d and an ever bigger welfare state in short, more fedenl paternalism. As the plight of the American Indian demonstrates, all of us should beware of the attempts of the Great White Father to turn the country into one big reservation. Week Labor Should Explain s Whatever else the executive council may do at meeting starting Monday at Bal Harbour, Florida, it really ought to clarify a recent statement on inflation. Anticipating President Johnsons plea for voluntary wage and price restraints during 1068, the council issued a report AFL-CIO- Its Were Kidding Ourselves er eight-da- y last December which declared: If the President determines that there is a national emergency to warrant extraordinary stabilization measures with restraints on all costs, prices, profits, dividends, corporate executive compensation, as well as employes he will have the support of the wages and salaries even-hande- d AFL-CI- If this statement means what it seems to, then the executive council stands indicted for fuzzy thinking and irresponsibility. For what the council seems to be saying is that, since organized labor won't go along with voluntary e restraints, it would stand still for mandatory AFL-CI- O wage-pric- curbs. other words, compulsion is all right: isnt. If this isn't what the council meant, it ought to say so in clear and unmistakable terms. But if the executive council does, indeed, prefer external to internal regulation, then the In AFL-CI- self-contr- needs a new set of leaders. O f I By ALINE MOSBY joo, todays average commuting time in the U.S. is 14 hours daily, according to De Grazias figures. United Press International NEW YORK The leisure explosion were all supposed to be enjoying is a myth. Experts are discovering what many of us have suspected all along that people in this late 20th Century really dont have as much time on my hands as is popularly bruited about. First of all, many people today do not have a great deal more fr ee time off the job than was true decades ago. Indeed, in 1805 a man plied his trade for 70 hours a week, but after a sharp drop the average work week wasnt changed as drastically in the last half century as may seem to be the case. The fact is, because of our increasingly complex life, free time is not very free and much of it is not, in the true sense, leisure anyway. For one thing, more and more workers choose to work overtime, or moonlight (Hi a side job, in order to cam extra money to buy all those marvelous hair dryers and cars and TV sets and dishwashers that the industrialized society brings us. One of the debunkers of the leisure myth, Prof. Sebastian De Grazia, political scientist at Rutgers (N.J.) University, estimates that 31 hours of extra time gained by the average man from 1805 to 1960 is whittled down to 21 by moonlighting, overtime and lugging work home in briefcases. He figures that the composite American male (in all work categories) actually works an average of nearly eight hours a day, six days a week. "The modem mentality is fascinated by things to buy, he says. Therefore the worker is held in a vise of working deovertime in order to buy vices (such as washing machines) and leisure goods (bicycles, sailboats, etc.) This trend of giving up free time in order to work more applies not only to the United States but to other industrial countries. According to a UPI survey, moonlighting in Denmark and France is expected to increase when the five-da- y week becomes general in those countries. week but many Austria has a five-daworkers moonlight over weekends because of a labor shortage. Although the hours in Switzerlegal work week is land, the Swiss work an average of 50 time-savin- g y 44-4- 6 hours. Just getting to work reduces further those 31 hours that 20th Century man has to 15.8. While people in former gained centuries traveled short distances to the chores at home such as wallpaper or doing the dishes (hardly leisure or recreation) takes another cut from those 31 extra hours down to 8.5 hours. Many people easily use those up with their do something complex of studying in order to get a better job. Free time is greater now when compared to sweat-shodays, but not compared to modem rural Greece or ancient Greece or medieval Europe, says political philosopher De Grazia. hanging p The early slogan of the shorter-hour- s movement in the United States said 8 hours for work, 8 hours for sleep, 8 hours for all the rest. But that includes shopping, transportation, voting, helping children with homework, reading letters, getting the roof repaired, going to church, visiting the relatives. Any primitive tribe enjoys more free time than the United States today. It is doubtful that any civilization ever had as little free time as we lo. We have transformed civilization to win time and find leisure, but we have failed. We are not we even back where we came from have lost ground. More theoretical free time is promised for the future. According to expert projections the work week is to get shorter by about an hour and a half each decade. By the year 2000, people are expected to work, on the average, 31 to 21 hours a week. But that doesnt necessarily mean free time will increase, because buying goods and services is expected to continue to spiral upward, and life will become more complex on an overcrowded planet. Now, as in the past and in the future, people spend part of their free time in recreation, and this has become a booming business around the globe, Sociologists do not, hov'ever, regard recreation as true leisure because its done to tired bodies to prepare for the rigors of going back to work. Nonetheless, paid vacations and free weekends are a phenomenon of the industrial age and enjoyed by increasing numbers of people. In other centuries, people seeking pleasure spent most of their free time away from home, in community dances or corner saloons. Surveys show that nowadays free time is more often spent in the home watching television, readsewing, visiting friends, gardening, ing, pursuing hobbies, etc. Away from home, auto travel leads the way as a favorite recreation in many lands, and especially the United States. New sports such as skin diving and water skiing have sprung up. Travel abroad is common in most industrialized countries. Although many pastimes used to be the privilege of the idle rich, class lines have fallen and everybody rides the same airplanes and attends the same ball games and nightclubs. The exploding populations urge for recreation has meant building of new resorts and vacation homes. But the experts say none of this Is true leisure. They define leisure as not hours free from work, or weekends or retirement years, but a state of mind in which you are economically free of the necessity to work and do something for its own sake, not because you have to. A man in leisure could turn to religion, music, friends and poetry, ideas and theory, politics, science and art only if he is not forced to do them (if he is, they become "work). Leisure was born in Greece and never existed before or since. Wealthy Greeks were freed by slaves from labor, and spent their leisure time thinking. They invented mathematics and the first important literature and philosophy of the world. They went into politics. In the next century, possibly 2 per cent of Americans will produce the nation's goods and services and all may live on a guaranteed annual wage. So the experts say man will have to be educated to fill his free time. At a recent meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Detroit, psychiatrists lamented the psychological and emotional unpreparedness for free time. Dr. Alexander Martin of New York urged people to enjoy free time instead of working it, saying that A man who plays golf to win a prize is working, not playing. Many people take up hobbies not because they like to but to keep busy (working), he said. Political philosopher De Grazia thinks people can enjoy true leisure only by destruction of such popular fixations as (1) work is good for you, and (2) buying things is good. Another operating factor against true leisure, particularly in the United States, are puritan traditions that one reaches success and happiness through work, and idleness is a sin. The only traces of true leisure in the United States today, claims philosopher De Grazia, are the think tanks, or institutes for scientists built by the government and some universities. Previewing A Good Revolution - Within a flintlock shot of the storied Alamo and Hemis overlooking the Fair there is one of the most exciting buildings ever constructed in America. Palacio del Rio It is the new e Hilton Hotel, which will go from to completion in just nine months. And it carries a portent for the fuSAN ANTONIO, TEXAS first-spad- ture that is both and a little -- frightening. For it consists of little else than a huge stack of what intriguing might be cribed as des- people boxes. Early last summer it became apparent to the leaders of San Antonio that they wouldnt have rooms enough to house the hoped for 7.2 million visitors to their $156 million exposition which opens April 6. A large new hotel was desperately needed, but the fair would be over before the estimated building time elapsed. The only possible solution was a radical new construction process. The inspiration was Habitat 67. the stepped-bacfuturistic apartment buildings put up at fabulous cost on the perimeter of the Montreal worlds fair. Bur the concept had to be refined, for a commercial Intel must pay its bondholders. A daring San Antonio architectural firm, Cema and Garza, and a group of structural engineer Feigenspan and Pinnell, undertook K JENKIN LLOYD JONES On Nov. 1 the first room was lifted. On Dec. 20 the last was placed. Four boxes piled 20 hundred and ninety-sistories high in 42 days! The rooms had to be placed within a tolerance. Between each quarter-inctwo rooms there is a gap of 20 inches to allow ior plumbing and electrical fittings. On the hall side, this gap is covered by a translucent lighting panel. On tiie outside there is facing brick. Add two end walls, and the roof and you have the building. H. B. Zachry, the How practical? builder, says that construction costs will run about the same as a conventional hotel of equal luxury $10 a square foot. But he points proudly to the fact that the speed of construction has cut in g half tlie time. x a building revolution. The Palacio is undoubtedly the only modern building in America the plans of which werent completed until three months after work had begun. Excavation got under way on July 3, and work started in the conventionally built four lower floors which will house the lobbies, restaurants, shops and meeting rooms. Shortly thereafter the box factory was bom. Eight miles from die site 115 men labored at a reinforced concrete casting yard to produce each monolithic which contained the hotel bedmodule, room, bathroom, closets and balcony. As soon as the concrete set, each was moved to a finishing yard where aother 140 men applied vinyl wall coverings, laid rugs, installed plumbing and piaced the furniture. Each room unit weighed 37 tons. back at the site, a 72 x elevator core was completed to a height of 238 feet in 12 working days. When the four lower floors were ready to take the weight, the piling on of the Meantime, 22-fo- boxes began. As each box finished its journey on a large lowboy trailer, a giant crane with a t boom picked it up. Atop the suspended box was clamped a motor-drivehelicopter tail rotor which could be manipulated to keep the unit from swinging in the Texas wind. 270-foo- I STAR, Minneapolis, Minn. That's Our Peggy The United States can stand up and cheer for pretty Peggy Fleming, of Colorado Springs, who won the women s figure skating championship at the winter Olympic Games at Grenoble, France. No one who watched the fascinating competition could fail to be impressed with Miss Fleming. She had obvious excellence and poise on skates, a brilliant execution of leaps and spins, qualities that make her the greatest female figure skater in the world today. Another appeal was her modesty, an excellent attitude, a natural charm. Television via satellite is bringing viewers e with the worlds greatest winter sports performers. None has made a better impression, on or off the ice, than Peggy Fleming, g Her gold medal victory was for an American public somewhat starving for American Olympic deeds to applaud. face-to-fac- heart-wannin- PLAIN DEALER, Cleveland, Ohio Alas , Poor Mary When the Queen Mary embarked in a new camuseum-hote- l at Long Beach, d Calif., few would have thought that the liner was headed for a run-i- n with U.S maritime unions. Yet thats exactly what has come about. reer as a floating once-prou- It may be understandable that the unions would like to find jobs for their members on the converted Queen. With excessive wage demands and lengthy strikes, the unions have speeded tiie decline of the U.S. merchant marine; as a result many union members have been deprived of jobs. On the remodeled Queen Mary, of course, there will be few if any conventional seagoing jobs. That fact, however, doesnt bother the unions, which can, on occasion, stretch their ideas of jurisdiction mighty far. And they say they plan boycotts and strikes to enforce their demands. There is, it seems, no safe sanctuary for a U.S. vessel, even a migrant from Britain. Obviously enough, it doesnt even help for a ship to go out of the business of being a ship. WALL STREET JOURNAL, New York City. Don't Do Anything Many persons, convinced that the United Nations doesnt do anything except spin its wheels, understandably are confused as to why the United States needs a UN mission in New York to help the UN do nothing. Reflecting that attitude, Congress last year lopped $110,000 from the missions $1.7 million budget. Travel expenses have been cut in half; telephone-cal- l allotments reduced. Saturday mail operations have been eliminated, and regular postage expenses restricted. Shifts have been rearranged. And most drastic of all, a freeze has been put on entertainment funds. Are the employees upset? Not much. Their salaries, which together total $1.3 million, haven't been touched. Nor has the staff been touched. Nor has the staff been reduced. So in effect, members of the American mission are getting the same salary to do less work, which amounted to almost nothing to begin with. Thereby, the American mission staff provides a unique variation on the aphorism that people in glass houses shouldnt throw stones: American diplomatic personnel in glass buildings shouldn't do anything. NEWS LEADER, Richmond, Va. 126-ma- n h GUEST CARTOON expense-but-no-eamin- We may be on the threshold of a real revolution. may not be very far away from factories that will offer four or five sizes of rooms that can be mixed and linked together In private home designs of considerable variety. And our apartment buildings could be honeycombs, rising If this does prove feasible, the building codes of many cities must be changed. A building code has only three excuses the insurance of safety, duraand bility and sanitation. Make-worWe large people-bo- x featherbedding will have to go. That tall pile of cubes looking down on tl.j twisting San Antonio River could be a pattern of the future by which more Americans could live tetter for less. t Banana peel Christian Scltnct Monitor |