Show ESSAY OH ON agriculture BY oe O e 0 7 0 orae orge or 3 g ge ED 0 oa 1 idor laor ca ede mill creek ward salt sall lake co U T october 4 ISM awarded the first plize at the late fair of the AgrimI Agricultural tural at and manufacturing so lely lety iely agriculture has always occupied aft abt an Import important alit aitt position position in human hilman transactions an fn in the history of utah its ita operations are very conspicuous for th through the blessings of god in tempering the elements it has quietly wrought wro tight a mighty change upon tile the alkaline deserts of this territory gentlemen of experience in these matters on visiting these valleys have often expressed themselves as being agreeably surprised with the success of our farmers a and nd the condition of our country and more especially specially es ally aily so when they have become acquainted with tho the fact that some who have been thus successful have come from the workshops s of the old world with no experience whatever in connection with agriculture there still remains however sufficient lelent room dor for or improvement pro and to this end should our energies be directed WHEAT is our staple crop and ia is raised in all parts of the territory our average yield which is about thirty bushels per acre would be considered a very large largo c crop ra in in some parts of the states fa fall fali pl 1 0 or r winter wheat should bo sown in september that it may be well weil rooted routed and cover the tile ground so as to form fortu a protection against the repeated frosts and thaws of early spring wheat should never be sown in soil where alkali abounds in the fall of tho year for it will surely be a failure it is a better practice on such laud land to plow in tile the fall turning up the roots of perennial weeds to 10 the action of the frost and again plow or thoroughly cultivate in the spring and sow clean seed of a good variety at the rate of about two bushels p per cr acre about tile tilo beginning of april it is also a good practice to plow the tableland table tabie laud land in the fall and give it a thoroll thoroughgoing gh going over with the tile cultivator in tho the spring this makes as good a seedbed seed bed bod tor lor small grain as can cn bo be got on our heavy hcan clax clay uplands wheat sowed bowed on land prepared pie pared in this tilis mantler manner as early as thu the ground can call ba bo worked will only bo be t four foun our oun or five days dass da later t than when bowed in tile the usual manner hi it the fall of the year and andi will boa bo a much surer crop SELECTING TiyO send sned should bo performed with tho greatest care and aud whore where tho the farmer dishos to improve a good variety it should be bedano dono by selecting tha tb thalar alar aldr jacj jal j gost and most perfect hea heads s beraro before harvesting if ho he has to purchase he should bo careful to do so arod fro va a reliable man it would be a hard matter for any ono to tell how bow many varieties of wheat are raised liere here orin portions ous oua they ther are mixed with each 3 hwi vii gil ill very cry careless in selecting their seed the three best varieties taking milling into consideration considerations are the chili chill but whichever variety may be selected no matter how clean it may appear before sowing by way of experiment I 1 sowed bowed one bushel of eman clean seed wheat in which there was not one kern elof olof of smut it was sowed bowed in the sprin aprin without any smut tino ting ting preventive the crop from it th ough a very heavy yield was about one sixth smut this however is not the case in every instance as other experiments have proved proved rho the most simple expedit expedition iou lou sand effective way of applying vitriol to feerd seed wheat is as follows pulverize one pound pound of blue bide vitriol and dissolve it in n 0 one oue 0 gallon of hot water add suil suii lelent cold water r ta tor reduce atto rit to a temperature of about seventy degrees on a clean tight floor empty seven bushels of clean seed wheat and with an old broom sprinkle the wheat with the liquid mix tho the grain thoroughly with a shovel or grain scoop and continue to leand mix until the tho liquid is all mixed with the wheat the seed will be ready to sow in two hou hour i rs sor of it may stand for a week without ilij injury ury urs TIM THE irrigation IK of wheat is by no means a small item as from four to six bushels per acro acre is often lost through neglect or inexperience in this matter all ditches should be in good order before watering time and the land should be so laid off that it will not wash into gutters and holes hoies which would make it uneven and rough for the reaper besides destroying a portion of the crop wheat should never be watered in cold weather when very young as it chills it and causes it to have a yellow cast after which it seldom forms a perfect ear car that is the ear is small as well wall as the kernel wheat should be watered from one olae to four times according to the season and tile tho quality of land for holding moisture but in all cases where it can be allowed mowed to cover the ground before tile the first watering it is better to do so avoid all quarrels about water and if you are de pried deprived of your rights take the quiet way to recover them it is better to lose a little water than to get into worse trouble TIME ig Is a time that is always aleays ivis wished lied fr for although somewhat dreaded as being a time of hard bard and hurried work where hero here help is scarce sometimes for want of help and sometimes for want of thought wheat is allowed to stand tl uncut cut until dead ripe which causes it to have a flinty appearance aud and deteriorates terion teri terl orates tes the quality of its flour wheat should always bo be cut while the kernel is soft or doughy that time and grain may not bo be wasted preparations should bo be made mide some time previous such extras as may be needed for the reaper should be procured as sometimes the lack of a arnall small bolt or even a nut for oile ofle one will cause causo o half a dozen men to bo thrown idle until one can be llad h ad the tho reaper should be ue carefully examined and all the nuts tightened keep your machine well oiled and see that every lave tave part art is perfectly true and if you havo have not got experience to han handle handie elie tile your machine yourself you had better get some 2 one who understands un der it until you leam learn in some parts of tho the western states where help I 1 is scarce charce farmers sometimes haul their grain without binding it this tilis is a practice cc which cannot be recommended where help can be procured on reasonable term terms great caro care sli sit ouid bo be taken in the thib binding of tile the grain as loose bundles cause great trouble and waste in hauling stacking and thrashing s anait and aud it should not bo be allowed fo to stand in tho the field any longer thai thal than to get thoroughly dried and the ends of the bundles in a good sha shape shapo for stacking it is very seldom me that ha t we vve seea seca see a good shaped gra grain erain in stack in this count country rT the indian name heap of or grain g rain nain would bo be moro appropriate prop wo we must improve in this branch of farm work THRASHING should never bo be dono done until the grain has gone through the sweat which in ordinary stacks is from four to five weeks 0 it is aggravating sometimes to see the amount of carelessness exhibited in the thra Alibi g of grain thyas ling ieng tuo too n act cat artt into the hands of men who know but little about machinery and who care less for tile the q quality of woric they do and the main point Is isi get up here hurrah we WC want to thrash out five hundred undred li bushels today to day it would be well for those who iho own awn thra thrashing thing machines to remember that there is considerable competition or likely to be ill in this branch branch of farm work and if they wish to have sufficient employment they should be particular in making the grain maike malke marketable table tabie it would also ulso bo be well for the farmers to remember that thatis it is to their own interest to employ and support men who will clean thir grain well if we export grain let it compare favorably with grain from other places in the tile market to which it is shipped to do clean and good work the tile farmer should have plenty of help belt so that each man can perform liis his part without too much exertion and do atwell it well weil stacking the straw neatly and stowing the chann chaff in a convenient shape for winter me uhe and the machine should be run at a regular speed when run too high it cracks the grain and the tile farmer farmer has to sustain loss less by a large amount of screenings at the mill and his liis wheat is injured for seed or market MILLI MILLING millina na it will always pay the farmer to drive a little farther to secure a good article of flour hour whether fon for or homo home use or for market if ir lie wishes to sell his nour hour although lie he may not get a hiher higher price tor lor it people w will wili 11 patronize him this is the ease case with all farm produce and if he wishes it for home good bread at each meal will remind liim that ho lie went to tile the right mill millers are generally taking mere care to supply a good articie article of flour but arter atter giving every mill within a reasonable distance a fair trial the preference must be given to the best and niost inott reliable mill will OATS AND BARLEY in past years have been profitable crops to many of tilo the farmers of utah and have perhaps brought moro more cash down than any other cereal crop they are the surest crops of small grain that can be used in the reclaim reclaiming int of alkaline lands althou although ii grass in many instances instances would be a more crop there are seven soven several I 1 undred hundred li acres lying along tile the state road between mill creek and cott seeded down to grass would yield thousands of tons of hay that do not yield enough under the tile present moje mode of cultivation to pay for the plowing it is of a poor quality and to produce tile the best re results alts it would I 1 lequire inquire a top dres ing such land with proper cioper treatment would ri nise rise from a state of comparative worthlessness to be valuable property it should be remembered however that under draina drainage m and surface irrigation am are highly eskoca ess eik 01 after being bilg used as gnass grass lani lanti for a new few 3 yean year eais cais it could cowd be broken up and excellent crop chops of or either grain or roots roote would be tilo the result oats should bo be owed at it tilo the rate of from to four bushels per acre aero and barley about two and a half bushels per acre E elther either ither ithen but especially oats will stand more morn water without injury than wheat will but too much would produce a bad result the norway and surprise Surp ilse iise oats so highly recommended have havo been introduced here but neither of them sustains its reputation the surprise oats though although they yield beld well are too liable to shell out and sometimes when wilen they are allowed to get too I 1 ipe lipe beform before being cu cut out t the result is a little surprise INDIAN colts CORN I 1 I 1 is 18 a nativo DOIVO plant of america and is extensively grown in all tile tilo wanner parts of the whole western continent the early settlers of A merica describe it as being one onu of the tile principal indian production from flom which no doubt it re its name the tho amount used wed annually 31 in a green stated state in the united states alono alone is i enormous and thousands of bushels amea are aro canned fined up and preserved in other othen ways for ar winter use in some parrs parts of the tiie states indian corn is the principal for man and beast and alad is raised almost almot to the exclusion of all other cereal aro crops ps in those st sections of the tile country tile the grain Is the tiie object which w h f ch is 15 e m vt 1 in es so sold bold rd al at t the I 1 ic n low price of or ten cents per bushel and is harvested by pu pull puli I 1 I 1 in ing the ears from tile the stalks the stalks being bring allowed to remain rumain standing in the field the larmer farmer of utah in raising corn have three 1 objects in view first the grain w which I 1 is generally used in feed feeding nc the domestic ani animals mals mais on the farm next for the fodder which when p properly cured Is very valuable as feed for i st stock ock the third object is to form a rotation rotation or rather a change chango of crop to make a correct estimate of the average yield per acre would be a very difficult matter as in some of the therow low lands it is often destroyed or injured by the early fi frosts I 1 should judge that about elii clil climiteen eighteen iteen bushels per acao acie is somewhere iero lero near the average yield it is true that sometimes forty and even fifty bushels bus liels per acre aero ate aio raised on the rich bottom lands but it is also true that ten and even as low as els eis per acre aie ale raised on some of the poor uplands THE preservation OF 01 corn CORX vod rod DER requires a great deal of care and prompt action when killed by ky f rost frost in the field or allowed to heat and mould in the stack yard it is c comparatively wort worthless liless as feed reed for stock it may do to fill up but its nutriment is ii gone where fodder is the principal object lisl should it louid be culand cut and put up in large iloco shocks Il ocl oel s benore before it is thoroughly ripe and the shocks bound arcand the tile top to keep the stocks erect eruct and shed the rain in three or four weeks it should be husked out and the fodder tied in bundle bund lea lez and the bundles should be stacked by forming a large shock and building on ou top of this keeping the bundles perfectly elect with the buts down and the tiie tops topi well pressed together i keep jeep building one tier around the bottom ottoni and others above until the stack is ii as large adesi a degi degl desi red it must be remembered that the wider tile the stack stach is the higher 0 it must roust beform inga ing a perfect cone in this way it occupies less space and not doing neing so much exposed it is better 1 preserved when preer preserved ved in this manner and judiciously fed with very little grain it will keep 1 animals in good condition all winter the tile corn when husked will be found perfectly ripe if ir not cut too b green reen and should be stored away it will bo le safe from storms and vermin POTATOES are extensively raised throughout the whole Teril Teni tory with ti tile ie exception of a few settlements in lri tile tiie extreme south there is no country perhaps whole potatoes are a surer crop a mild form of blight being the only disease to which ill in past years they havo have been subject A number of varieties have been introduced here from different parts of the states but it would be a hard liard matter to select for general use a better potato than the tile aias Alas mashanic hanic Neshan noc of these ther enro earo are aro two distinct varlet varieties les ler although they resemble each other very mut muc much ii in in shape which ill in perfection should be long and smooth with slight indentation about tile the eyes the tile firtnand fir firt and tand most preferable al b has n a roughish skin slig slightly ildy lidy purple on oil the tile eed sted s seed t ed end but the tile meat is perfectly white the tile other variety lias has a deddish appearance throughout the whole surface and the meat is more or lesi streaked with blue there are other grade ranging between chete but they cannot be as distinct varieties either elther of these by belu bein belur being 9 stored in a |