Show t STUDENT LIFE PAGE TWO duces such a great amount of are attached to keep the mixture is estimated heat and pressure that the entire mass is instantly decomIn a simiposed with violence lar way the application of a sudden high pressure to an exinstantaneous plosive causes combustion This latter form is known as detonation and in practice is brought about by the explosion of a very small amount of some violent explosive e g fulminate of silver or mercury Of the host of explosives found in use in the world today both in industrial lines and in war ordinary black powdci nitroglycerine and gun cotton are perhaps the most used In this lecture I shall be able to treat briefly the manufacture and use of but these three explosives GUNrowDER is a mechanical mixture composed of potassium nitrate sulphur and carbon It was discovered (charcoal) in the fourteenth century by a German monk at Freiburg and lirst used at the battle of Cme 134G and again at Augsbur in ' 1 0O0 After thorconstantly stored ough mixing the mixture is sifted and about 5 per cent — G per cent by weight of water is added It is then spread upon the bed of an incorporating mill where under a number of three ton rollers it is processed for from three to six hours During this process water inis consmall stantly being added to avoid explosions amounts mass The coming from the incorporating mill is broken to a fine meal pressed into a thick cake in hydraulic presses then passed through three sets of toothed rollers separated by various size sieves into the different grades The granules of powder are then glazed with graphite in revolving wooden After drying and a drums final sifting the powder is ready for market Its chief uses are in sporting guns and in blasting The standard U S black powder contains 75 per cent potassium nitrate 15 per cent charcoal and 10 per cent sul- phur The pressure produced by Only the purest materials d are used in its manufacture the explosion of a closely mass of black powder is The charcoal is made fiom well seasoned soft woods 0 g wil- about 44 tons or G100 atmoslow poplar alder which have pheres per square inch been stored in a dry room for Nitroglycerine was discovbefore at least two years being ered by Nobel in 1847 He beThe carbonization gan its manufacture on a large carbonized is carried on in large sheet iron scale in 18G1 but owing to its numerous cases which are heated to 330 J great sensitiveness — 500° C in large iron retorts explosions occurred during the In After cooling and allowing of two years that followed at sullicient time for the sorp- 18GG however Nobel invented to avoid of tion spon- dynamite by absorbing nitrooxygen taneous combustion the carbon- glycerine in diatomaceous earth ized wood charcoal is ground the form in which it is most con-line- to a fine powder and with the widely used today sulphur and potassium nitrate Nitroglycerine is produced by maintroduced into the mixing the action of concentrated nitric gun-meta chine cylin- acid upon glycerine with the large der which revolves around a elimination of water which is shaft to which numerous arms taken up in concentrated sulal phuric ART DEALERS Headquarters for the Famous schiller and bueil doom: pianos VK’TUOLAS and RECORDS Our Specialty Eien thing Known in SHEET MUSIC The Thatcher Music Company 39 South Main Street LOGAN UTAH acid In practice 3 parts of concentrated nitric acid and 5 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid are mixed and allowed to cool Glycerine of is 12G2 then allowed to sp gr How slowly into the mixture which is cooled by a blast of cold air entering at the bottom of the container The temperature must be kept at about 20° C to avoid explosions in the that the tempera- ture of the explosion is G980° C and that the pressure produced is 2875 tons or 5750G pounds per square inch It is used to a small extent in medicine as a blasting agent as one of the strong explosives in the modern torpedo and marine ne Guncotton is cellulose fr ul lruggiata everywhere hex-anitra- te with some of the lower nitrates of cellulose It was discovered by Schoenbein in To look at it you would 184G hardly be able to distinguish it from ordinary cotton except perhaps that it is more brittle It is produced by dipping ordinary cotton into a mixture of 1 part of nitric acid and 3 parts of sulphuric acid and subsequent washing in water cutting and taring under water into short loose fibers For military purposes the pulp is dried and pressed into various forms The German guncotton used in the big guns in the present war is pressed into tape-lik- e strips which are cut to the' desired length and tied in bundles of a size to fit the breech of the guns The American powder is pressed into sticks varying from the diameter of tooth picks and one inch long to the diameter of 5 inches broom sticks and long depending upon the size of the gun for which prepared These sticks are perforated lengthwise by small holes the number and size varying mathematically with the size of the gun in which used and so arranged that the powder will be completely decomposed just as the projectile thrown reaches the mouth of the gun “This is the principle which enables a thirty thousand ton battleship to fire a broadside of sufficient force to lift itself thirty feet out of the water if the footpounds expended were used in Stationery gives a distinctive Individuality to your correspondence We are a handsome featuring package of fine quality paper and envelopes Each sheet has your initial stamped in gold It will give us pleasure to show We are stayou tl is package tioners for particular people Riter Brothers Drug Co THE REXALL STORE If you buy your Furniture Carpets And Rugs at Spande Furniture that way” German “tape” or an American “grain” as the sticks aie called may with perfect safety be “lighted with a match and held in the hand while it A splitters after the manner af a sulphur match” Guncotton is a much explosive than nitroglycerine It is easily detonated unless it contains about 11 per cent -- 10 per cent water It is in this latter form that it is used for military purposes About four million pounds of southern cotton goes to the manufacture of guncotton every year in the United States to say nothing of the enormous quantities used for this purpose in foreign countries — -- -t- -- u-ngcr — Co It’s sure to be right Special inducements to 3-- — Kohl by INITIAL mines The factory formed sinks to the bottom of the vat It is drawn off washed several times with water and finally with dilute sodium carbonate to free it from any trace of acid It is then ready for use Nitroglycerine is a pale yellow poisonous liquid with a sweetish taste It freezes at 8° C and thaws again at 12° C ENGLISH DEPARTMENT It explodes at 180f C which at counts for the many serious accidents resulting from trying “Mura had a Thomas rat to thaw dynamite on a hot It n'mhled til v Canton 1 stove or camp fire Nitronrifjhlnn' sinnxj a ham hull is a much hat — glycerine stronger Sow Thomas doesn't do so" explosive than black powder It nitro-glyceri- R1TER SAYS Students DO YOUR RANKING WITH First National Bank LOGAN UTAH Under United States Government Supervision Member Federal Reserve Bank II E CROCKETT Cashier MURDOCKS For Fine Candies Ice Cream Sherbetts — And GOOD SERVICE Shower Bath pongo Bath adies’ and Gent’s Shoe Shine RIMO TOXSOItlUi PARLOR J A Dowdle Proprietor A adles J Bench Massage Given Special Attention 76 North Main Logan Utah l- ack and JilWont hunting lowers hev' Mopped— When they found ours Cache Valley Floral Co Vo deliver Phono 378 W 702 North 9th East |