Show Z explorations IN AFRICA THE livingston expedition at a meeting of the english geographical society recently the foi fol following lowing I 1 letter from dr livingstone addressed to the earl of clarendon was read it is dated ug amano may 19 when we wo could not discover a path for camels through the mangrove swamps at the mouth of the we proceeded about 25 miles to the north of the river and at the bottom of odthe the damy bay entered a beautiful eau landlocked land ind locked harbor called cinday on bemba the entrance seems not md nothan yards wide and of these are deep the reef on oh each side of the channel channer showing so plainly of a light color that no ship s ought to touch the harbor is somewhat the shape of the spade on oil cards the entrance being the short hail hati handle handie dle die there is a mile nearly from 10 to 14 fathoms while the northwestern portion is ds shallow and rocky romy it is a first class harbor for arab dhows chows the land rising nearly all around from 00 to feet the water is so calm that they can draw their craft to the shore chore to discharge and take in car ear cargo go they are also completely screened oy by the masses of trees growing all around it from seaward observation the lation consists of coast arabs and their slaves laves the six villages villacres in which they live are dotted all round the shore aad may contain souls in all they seemed to th be rather suspicious and but for our having been accompanied by her Maje ship penguin would have C given r iven ivea trouble troubie the ordinary precaution caution of placing a sentry over our exposed goods caused a panic and the or licad head man thought that he gave a crushing reply to my explanation when he blustered out but we have no thieves iirene h ere 11 our route hence was B S B S W to the which we struck at the spot marked on the chart as that at which pioneer turned in 1861 we traveled over ovet the same plateau that is seen to flank both sides of the like a chain of hills from to feet high except where the natives who are called lia lla konde reside the whole country within the influence of the moisture from flom the ocean is covered with dense jungle the trees in general are not large but planted so closely together as generally to td exclude the sun in many places they may be said to be woven together batan tangled by led masses of climbing pla pia plants I 1 ts eora eore more mora resembling thetodes the ropes topes and cabi cables el of al ship in inextricable confusion than the graceful creepers with which we are familiar in northern climes they gave the impression of being remnants of the carboniferous period referred to by geologists and the huge of that time were the only beings that could wriggle through them trade traded paths had already been made but we ud had both to widen and heighten them for camels and buffaloes the people at we the sea coast had declared that no aid could be got from the natives when we were seven miles off we were agreeably surprised to find that for reason reasonable able abie wages we could employ any number of carriers carriers and wood cutters we desired As they were accustomed to clearing away the gigantic climbers clim elim bers beks for their garden ground they whittled away with their tomahawks with remarkable speed and anid skill k two days continuous hard labor was as ciuch as hs they could stand it is questionable whether any people except possibly the chinese who are not meat eaters can endure continuous labor 0 of a kind that brings so many muscles into violent action as this work did french could not compete with the english until they were fed exactly like the latter oAde have only fowls a few goats and the tho chances of an occasion occasional ul gorge of the wild hog hooy of the country little calibe cali can be said about the appearance of the country by the occasional glimpses we seemed fa tobe be covered with great masses of dark green greed foliage except where the bamboo gave gadea a lighter tint or a had changed its leaves to yellow in antici antiel pation of winter the path we followed sometimes went along or across a 9 owadi wadyM ll id ri which we were smothered by th le e grass r a as overhead tsuch buch nocks rocks as gs we nobou d wera undisturbed disturbed ud grey con coa upon this we often bled against blocks of wood that any auy one would be unwilling to believe at sight that they were not stones there is a sure indication here of coal being underneath and pieces of it are met in the sands of the river when aagut 90 00 miles from the mouth of the the geological structure changes an and d with w it h this change we have more open vegetation the tile chief rock ign j is now ow and patches of fine white dolomite lie upon it in spots granite masses have been shot up over the plain which extends in iii front all the way to T the conflux of the grovu kofuma ma or louma lourna and loendo Loe fidi hidi in the drier country we found that one of those inexplicable droughts had happened over the north bank of the and a tribe of malite or mazilu probably zulus had come down like a swarm of locusts and spread away all ail alithe the food above and in the ground I 1 had to make forced marches with the Mako Mak ilae oride in ip quest of provisions for my party iud ind and lud am now with Matu mora or the c chief hief at rit Ugo mano am and I 1 by sending some 20 mules to the southwest I 1 shall soon succor them this is the point of confluence as the name Tugs mano or Ugo mano implies of the louma and loenda the loendo is decidedly the parent stream and comes from the southwest where in addition to some bold granite peaks the dim outline of distant high land appears even at that distance they raise the spirits but possibly that is is caused partly by the fact that this is about 30 miles beyond our former turning point and the threshold of the unexplored I 1 propose to make this my headquarters tiu I 1 have felt my way around lake LakeN yassa if prospects are fair there I 1 need not return but trust to other quarters for fresh supplies but it is best to say little about the future matu mora is an intelligent man and one well known to be trustworthy he is appealed to on all hands for his wise decisions but he has not much real power beyond what his character gives him the are all independent denhof of each other othen budnot but not devoid devol dof of a natural sense of justice A carrier stole a shirt from one of my men our guide pursued him at night seized him in his own house hou seand and the elders of his village made him pay about four times the value of the article stolen no other case of theft occurred no dues were demanded and only one fine a very J just one was levied attempts have haye cen been made to make the arabs pay but they have always been resisted so much has been said about arab proselytism that it was with interest inquiries ingui ries rles were made about their success in converting the to the mahometano Maho faith here as elsewhere no attempts to teach teach had been made some arabs asserted that it would be useless for the had no idea of the deity on making inquiries about the gum copal coval digging I 1 was shown a tree from flom which the gum was actually dropping but they do not dig under the trees at present living they choose the vicinity in the belief that thai tha near the modern trees those which yield what is now considered fossil gum must have grown here they dig and said the spokesman the first and second days we may labor in vain but god may give it us after that to this acknowledgment of a deity all responded ded it is as he wills it the experiment with the buffaloes and has not been satisfactory one buffalo and two camels died had we not ot been in a co country antry I 1 would have ascribed this to overwork and bruises received on board the dhow which brought them from zanzibar the symptoms were not those I 1 have observed in oxen and horses when stung by gadflies gad flies blood of the arterial color flows from the point this may be tie tle the effect of the for when an ox known to be bitten was killea killed its blood was all of the arterial hue bue I 1 had bad but four buffaloes for the experiments and as yet ag as three remain I 1 remain in doubt Hoping that this short sketch which I 1 emte wj ite in haste for an ara arab b who is passing down the coast may be approved a p I 1 am ac la prance publishes a harrowing des drip crip tion of prevailing distress in italy in venice out of inhabitants are receiving relief from public charity A crisis has commenced at verona in sardinia the peasants are reduced to the necessity of eating herbs herb and roots like wild beasts the unita d characterizes tile the present situation align as italy is hungry from the alps to the adriatic N THE LATE LATE earthquake IN ALGERIA according to the cur do 11 alberic pal VAl Al peric gerie pearly all tue tile housos of Bilda blida jat least eighth tenths are evacuated the first shock experienced on wednesday jan 2 at a quarter past seven was terrible tile the frightened inhabitants had time wile to fly to the open spaces and see their houses shaking and tottering on their bases the violence of the commotion was eo so ireat great great that thab many persons were thrown down w na and considerable damage was caused in every house the first shock was followed by others more feeble u up to half past nine at thirty nive five minutes past nine a fresh one air ali almost flost as violent but rapid than the first increased the destruction to such an extent that nobody dared to enter any of the houses the administration informed by telegraph sent tents from algiers under which the inhabitants bivouacked bivouac ked for the night despite a heavy rain the exterior of the houses are cracked in all directions the interior partitions are thrown down ceilings destroyed gaps yawn in the walls wails indicating the imminence of the peril in case of a fresh commotion the night of the 2nd and and 3rd ard and the day of the ad passed without any sensible shock some borne inhabitants habitants lh decided upon returning to their houses when on the night of the ard 3rd at a quarter to two two fresh shocks caused new alarm rain was falling in torrent torren tsi she the persons who were in the houses rushed out into the vacant ground but soon after reassured by the weakness of the shocks the boldest decided upon going to bed again ata quarter to four a fresh shock of excess ive violence but which only lasted a second and a half brought everybody on foot again since that moment all the houses have remained deserted and the few persons who had been willing to brave the danger resigned themselves like the others to remain out of doors and in default of tents they collected lecter in the public squares despite the drenching drench ingrain rain the first shock felt at algiers and blida on the 2nd and at a quarter past seven caused a frightful disaster to the west of blida at the foot of atlas three entire villi ages were com plemely petely destroyed laville bou and al efroin this is is the point where the action was most violent the shock was so powerful the disaster so instantaneous that at the end of a few seconds the work of destruction was consummated all the houses were destroyed st burying their inhabitants in therul the ruins ils lis at aville out of more than houses the church is alone i standing but hut so much injured that it cannot be approached without danger and the authorities have forbidden any attempt to enter it the deputy gov arnor has decided upon employing 1200 soldiers in reconstructing the villages THE HABITS OP OF THE ENGLISH WORKING CLASSES I 1 have known english working people in towns and cities pretty intimately for the last fifteen or sixteen years and I 1 venture to afdem distinctively that their habits are disorderly that self indulgence exceedingly vulgar self indulgence is their bane that the men spend habitually the larger portion of their earni earnings on their pleasures chiefly in the form of drink and that the women are an oppressed and helot class crushed almost to the earth by habitual low feeding and bad treatment and unable to exert themselves to make their persons neat or their homes endurable their children they do manage indeed to dress wonderfully well on sundays when the grubs come out as butterflies the maternal in will assert itself and great must bo be the sacrifices which these wives and mothers make to accomplish the one ong dar liag object but I 1 believe unhappily in no seif self sacrifice on the part of the males maies of the working classes generally they are not trained to habits of order and regularity at home they grow up reckless and extravagant and the tree once bent never grows quite straight careless they live and careless they die habitually denying themselves little habitually regardless of the wants of I 1 others no sto matter what they earn the future rainy rain day is never thought about the english workman is indeed gener generi 1 ous oust ohis tollis chums his fellow workmen ahr far more so than abe frenchman for instance and will almost always subscribe to the assistance of a sick brother but I 1 speak from the tho closest observation when I 1 say that he lives comparatively at least on the fat tat of the land while th the e w wife fe and children have nothing but dry bread from monday morning to i saturday night the husband and father in london and other large towns more particularly is 19 regarded as the bread earner and consequently as the owner who has the right to do what he wills with his own I 1 have seen the most brutal selfishness exhibited in all its forms selfishness that it would be IMP impossible possible to exaggerate or denounce to tod too severely to public indignation 1 I 1 have seen an artisan antiza n for instance who i I 1 earned forty shillings a wee week k come home to his meat supper night by night and consume it in his wife and chil chii v i drens presence without even asking them to share shafe a single morsel and that when the wife was within two or three days of vf her confinement and d sinking 1 from want of food and public opinion in the court that was waa the worst of the matter saw nothing unusual or improper in this arrangement the man had tho the right to do what he willed with lis his his own I 1 have seen a young min man who earned his five and thirty shillings a week living with a sick father and Jaded mother and half a dozen starving children and paying his three or four i shillings a week for his bedana bed and breakfast and never dreaming of adding a single penny to the household house hold hoid store and yet spoken of as a good son by the mother under such circumstances it seemed so natural to her his class morally sanctioned this course A youn young man must want money for his big dress ani ang and amusements he could not be expected to think of his starving brothers and sisters or his worn out mother or of his slowly dying father now these are not calamities they are melancholy and terrible facts which I 1 could authenticate with name and street only that it would woul debe be very unjust to the individuals who are fit representatives of their class to show that these are not exceptional cases I 1 must faust add that for two years together I 1 I 1 went about for nearly four hours every day in one of the most thickly populated parts of london londau from room to room introducing myself as the parish priest sometimes but rarely treated with impertinence almost always I 1 found working men ready to reason and tb talk on religion and politics housing habitually in the closet quarters spending their earnings at the public house and the gin gln palace not by ay any means devoid of promiscuous knowledge picked up at unawares not the ignorant monsters a kind of south sea savages which city missionaries are so fond of painting 1 I never met with any such |