| Show RUSSIA an imperial has been published on the subject of education in poland which wilmena will tend to improve considerably the condition of that unfortunate country the begins fins by stating that up to the present time timo me all schools have been governed according to the feudal system the lord of the manor having the appointment odthe master and prescribing the sum which each pupil should pay tion another evil complained of related especially to the education of girls it was almost entirely in the hands of the catholic convents where the education was worse and the charges higher than in the free freo institutions there were other complaints of various importance import t ance arising from the differences of religion or of lang language wage dage in the different provinces ro vInces of the kingdom of poland for or the fut future ure tile the communes communes or townships are to take a share in the management of the primary schools and to take upon themselves the payment of half the salary of the teachers the other half will be supplied by government for the first ten years of the schools existence after which time it will fall entirely upon the commune each nationality and each religious persuasion may found a school for itself and receive government assistance the instruction in each school will be given in the language of the majority of the pupils polish and russian bussian may be taught in the schools speaking a different language if required new free institutions will be created for the education of girls in the various large towns A special school is to be formed in warsaw for the german inhabitants the university of warsaw will retain all its privileges so f far oar ar as they are consistent with the new regulations A final decree ordains that in consideration of the fact that the kingdom is again pacified many of the severer and more degraded punishments are abolished such as B branding and flogging TURKEY A horrible tragedy is reported ina lna in a constantinople letter the following are the particulars as thus reported djemile a sultana the third daughter of C the lat late 0 sultan now in her twenty second year was married to Al mahmoud ahmoud jelladian Jel ladin pasha the position of a subject upon whom the sultan confers the hand of one of his daughters is anything but an enviable one as the princesses treat the unhappy unhappy husband much in the same way as t they ey do their slaves or rather worse for the latter have not the misery of appearing in a false position it is well known that the husbands of the daughters of the late sultan fatima rafafla and djemile have led the most wretched of lifes from the arbitrariness and jealousy of their wives tile the tragedy which occurred on the instant arose from this cause the sultana djemile Dj emila emlia from causes well or ill founded became jealous of one of her slaves whom she imagined was regarded with some favor by her husband in her highnesses rage against the unfortunate pirl girl irl iri she ordered one of her eunuchs to cucher cut her head off which was done at a stroke of his ci meter then she determined to extend her revenge to her husband and coolly directed that the girls head should be placed under a cover on the pashas dinner table it s the cus tom torn in turkey for the male malo leads 4 of families to dine apart from on the dav day W the sultana seat on the divan a long sofa extending across uhe the room previous v ious lous to ceilius ben ber husbands banda bands eilt entering ring the dapre dining I 1 ning roo noo room in on arrival as is customary he went up to hi his Is I 1 imperial M erial spouse and rendered her the usual homage she requested him to proceed with his dinner when seated he called on the servants present to remove the cover which is thrown over the tray which forms the top of the table to his surprise they hesitated and shrank back the sultana then called to him to remove it himself upbraiding the servants for their conduct the unhappy pasha obeying liu lil his is cifes directions threw off the cover and then before him lay the gory head heal of the tile murdered girl he reeled and fell back a corpse previous to taking off the cover be he had drank some sherbet and whether this was poisoned a as s some imagine or i that the shock ro produced deuced apoplexy has not been as no post postmortem mortem ox examination has been held it will of bf I 1 course be thought that the imperial murderess was at onte seized and placed in the hands of justice justlee anthe contrary djemile sultana a princess of the imperial erial family daughter of sultan suitan abdul maj id and niece of the reign reigning g sultan has up to the present moment remained in her house unmolested and the only notice taken of til the tho e matter has lias been that her lief imperial uncle is very angry with her meerschaum the manufacture of meerschaum into pipes and cigar hold ers is now carried on to a considerable extent in this city the carving will compare well with that of the imported article in the hands of a good artist this soft and friable material may be cut with the clear and finished outlines of coral or cameo roses lilies bun bunches clies elles of grapes hounds foxes and all kinds of graceful quadrupeds doves swans storks eagles an and every variety of shapely bird the human face and figure the beauty of venus venua the majesty of apollo and highest of all elaborate groups of men and women are subjects of his taste aab skill meerschaum is expensive enough of itself it is imported in boxes of forty pounds each valued al about 1000 but the carving is the main point of cost in the high priced ced eed pipes two hundred pounds Is no not t an unusual price in england for some masterpiece of meerschaum sculpture like the battle of the amazons the judgment of paris or other ambitious study of that kind which costs a first rate artist six months or a year of hard work american smokers have not yet risen to that height of sum sumptuousness in the indulgence of til their c r favorite luxury and is about as much abour fumigating fumi gating v virtuosi are willing to pay for the their ir meerschaums americans are extravagant enough in r some ome things but it may be reasonably doubted whether they will ever put the tile price of an eligible e building cotora span of trotting horses into a pipe imitation meerschaum is 13 ma made de in iti the same way as imitation ivory that is the parings and scra sera scrapings p ings of the rea real f article are worked over pressed and dried there seems to be no sure way of detecting meerschaum prepa prepared reI rel by this method it is generally heavier but not always than the true meerschaum sc whose spes gravity varies from 12 to ig lg 16 some specimens of the latter are heavier than the former on account of the presence of solid garth oarth or chalky matter in the interior some varieties on the other hand are so light and porous that they readily float in water the workers prefer meerschaum whose specific gravity is midway between these extremes the color of the i real meerschaum like that of the composition technically called massa varies from a snow white co fo a deep brown through the tile intermediate shades of yellow and red these tints are imparted by silicate of iron Therel there is only sonly one test by which the composition can be told with anything like ilke after a rn meerschaum ersch auni has as been smoked for some time little blemishes appear in tile the pure article which no amount of smoking brings out in the imitation As this test cannot be applied until after the pipe has been bought and colored by that hard pulling and sublime per which the smoker brings to his task there is no surety against the purchase of bogus pipes except in selecting your chunk of crude meerschaum an and ayour having it made up to order by an honest artist magnificent specimens of massa were exhibited at the tho iury lury stal palace london deceiving sifea liev edg twid d the very elect 0 0 ers the tho lie ile d nce nee between af the tha two kinds is a aias hias massa masga afas a smokane wo dibra cuifo as nicely as meerschaum meerschaum Is il not ot as is now generally known the tiie coagulated foam of tile tiie sea colnic emme de do mer but a hydrate of magnesia and silica with a trace of iron it is sup supposed poked poled to be a decomposed carbonate of magnesia it is found in veins of serpentine in greece in spain near madrid in sweden and monrovia but the commercial supply comes chiefly chiefa y from the peninsula of natolia asia minor at the last named place near th tha town of Co coniah niall the meerschaum la Is taken from a fissure nearly elearly six feet in width when first exposed to the air it is comparatively soft and if rubbed up with water gives offa off a latler lather lather like soap it was from this fact and the neighborhood of the vein to the the tho sea that meerschaum probably derived its poetical name before use it is boiled in a mixture of oil fat and wax without which preparation tile tiie heat and smoke of the barnin burning tobacco would not give to the meerse meerschaum aum that color for which it is so highly grazed prized and the prodigious toil of chesmo the smoker er would go new york journal of commerce WHISKEY Y AND NEW newspapers A glass of whiskey says an exchange is manufactured from perhaps a dozen grains of ot mashed corn the value of which is too small to be estimated A pint of this mixture sells at retail for one shil shii shilling link and if of a good brand is considered by its consumers well worth the money it is drunk offin a minute or two it fires the brain bhain rouses the pa passions 3 sharpens the appetite and deranges appetite and iv eakens weakens t the ie physical system it is goner gone and swollen eyes eyet parched lips and aching head are it its 8 followers on the same sideboard upon which this is served lies a newspaper the tile new white paper of which costs about two cents this is covered with a hundred thousand types it brings intelligence telli gence from the four quarters of the globe it has in its clearly printed columns all that is strange or new at home it it tells you the tho state of the markets gives accounts of the war the cution execution ex of the last murderer the last steamboat explosion or disaster articles on philosophy government religion ac and yet for all this the newspaper costs less than the tile glass of grog the juice of a few grains of corn it is no less strange than true that there thero are a large portion of the community who think the corn juice cheap and the newspaper dear and the printer has hard work to collect his dimes when the liquor dealers arevald are paid cheerfully how is this lithe Is the body a better paymaster than the head are things of tile the moment more prized than things of the tile future Is tilo the transient trickling of the stomach of more consequence than the improvement improve I 1 men t of the tile mind and the information that is essential to a rational being if this had its real value would not a newspaper be worth many pints of whiskey british standard COAL OIL inexhaustible we may set it down as an axiom that nature is not only capable of producing now all articles that she lias has evor ever produced but that she is and will continue to produce them until she substitutes some thin thing metter better perhaps our meaning will be better et ter understood by applying it to a single article sup suppose ose for ansta instance nc e we take the one ii in which lich we all have so 0 I 1 deep an interest petroleum this is known to bea be boa a hydrocarbon hydro carbon composed of two gases these gases are primary p elements indestructible and exha exhaustless lessin in quantity oneff one of them hynst hydrogen is a constituent of water and of course is as inexhaustible as the ocean the oger oler other is a constituent in all vegetable forms and in III many many of our rocks one hundred pounds of limestone e when burned will weigh but sixty pounds the tile part driven off by burning is carbonic acid underlying the oil rock isa i s a amatuni of limestone of unknown thickness but known to be be upwards of one thousand feet in depth the water falling oil on tile the surface and penco percolating percolation latin g through the porous sandstone that u underlies n derl deri I 1 e s the oil rock becomes charged cil cli arged with salt potash saltpetre salt petre and other chemical ingredients and finally reaches tile the limestone rock and decomposes it the carbon in the rock and the hydrogen of the water uniting to form oil while the oxygen is set free to ascella ascend to the atmosphere or unite with minerals and form oxides the reverse of this process is seen in burning the oil in a lamp the oxygen in the atmosphere uniting qunitin with the tho carbon n the oil oli I 1 formin forming 19 carbonia carbon iq a 5 t the tile I 1 hydrogen drogen probing plating pl eting the birb cicele tue the q question iff lff 11 fre antly asked when vile will the oil be tie fa c exhausted we wo shall shail answer when the tile ocean is and not before ALEXANDRA dumah DUMAS the Tho author of 11 monte monto christo I 1 11 les trois and something less than a thousand other works of fiction many of which are well known and have been extensively read ill in the united states intends leaving paris in the latter jart part of december or the early part of january for new york it is the intention oi of dumas dilmas to travel about four months in the united states and he goes with tile the avowed purpose of writing a book but whether a book brook of fact or fiction he lie lle does not state he will take with him a private secretary and two translators and intends having his work published simul simultaneously in new york paris and london dumas is a dark mulatto of most hue with hair considerably crisped he is now about sixty years y ears of age and is one of the finest looking men in europe he is a reckless extra extravagant man financially speaking receiving an immense income from his works spend ing from two to three hundred thousand francs a year always in debt and always borrowing he is a man of great bon bonhom hommie lle and kindness of heart and gives away large sums of money every year to artists Jiter literary ary bohemians Bohem BoliOn ians lans and poor devils of every overy description he ile is a very high liver ilver and drinks excellent wines of w which ile he is an excellent jud judge jude c STRENGTH OF or ANCHORS the english E ng admiralty have havo lately tested a now anchor constructed on an improved plan pian this anchor weighed two thousand four hundred and sixty eight pounds on be tie ing placed on the testing machine the distance from the centre of the pin w which aich fastens the shackle to the shank to a point near the extremity of one of the tikes likes was five feet and five inches although subject to strains varying from nine nino to a weight of twenty four and five sixteenths tons its deflection was but one half inch and the shackle hackle 5 only one sixteenth of an inch at fifteen tons it was decreased by three six aix at nine tons the permanent set was one eighth less and when all pressure was removed tile the original dimension was regained tile tiie admiralty test was twenty four and five sixteenths tons and the result was highly satisfactory california SCHOOLS the th c inveighs warmly and vigorous ly against the tile false economy of employing cheap teachers the average wages waged paid to male maie teachers during the last school year was per month and to females 54 51 91 As they are only paid for the time employed male maie teachers gale gaie get an average salary of 69 per annum and females out of this meager pittance they must pay their boarding and other expenses thus ie receiving really less wages wages than domestic servants or chinese laborers while th their air I 1 pos position |
