Show a L or u n A v 1 v FRUIT CULTURE guht th following remarks on the subject of fruit culture from the germantown tele Telf telegraph graph are tre to the point experience and observation ildea aided by common sense bense is certainly all that tc is requisite to successful fruit growing so far HB as theory is concerned ned and the less attention to the complicated theories and elaborate explanations and descriptions of scientific is given by men in cenera the more snore fruit will they grow we ne have for some borne twenty or twenty fire five years yeara endeavored to induce those 0 of our readers who had bad ground at their disposal to cultivate fruit we not only told them what to do but aa as soon aa as we possessed land of our arn own we did that which we recommended to others and now we have as good fruit for a small place piare as any anyone one could desire raising truit fruit with the general farmer needs but little labor and expense indeed it ought to be and would be were it followed mor more e universally ver yer ve sally a pleasure and a pride especially should this be the case upon town lots and I 1 mall places in the countr country y usually occupied b by y mechanics and factory operatives besides this truit fruit raising could be made nude a source of considerable prop profi providing funds for many nany a little family comfort now either de proved priced of or drawn trem the daily dally wages 1 1 we present below a short list of the differ in nt t kinds of fruit all of which with the exception of the apples and peaches we produce mon our own premises one dozen varieties of or pears and six of apples are all ail sufficient provided they are the best beat adapted to the soil and locality a fact which each one upon trial must ludge judge for himself we shall change this list add to or take from it whenever our experience shall justify 1 it without regard rega LI d to I 1 the he opinions of those 0 1 e who set themselves up as judges in israel low heavy soils are not so go well adapted to fruit raising as hillsides hill sides or ground tuat that is moderately elevated and light it may be taken taker as a rule artile we think that soil which will produce a good crop of indian corn will anwer answer equally well tor for the tree fruits IV pay but little attention to the complicated theories and elaborate explanations and descriptions of scientific common sense bense founded upon daily experience and observe ob serva i tion is all the theory and practice necessary to ful tui fruit culture according to our present preference we should select the following twelve vari varl varieties varietine etie of pears for our own planting viz STANDARD pears PEAKS i erly catharine 1 7 flemish beant beauty beautt 2 8 B belle beile elle eile lucrative 3 Rosti ezer 0 9 she cheden Sh eden den A 4 tyson 10 bierre dl danjou Anjou 5 bartlett it 11 lawrence 0 CSc ckel 12 chessario Ches Clie sarie barie THE BEST SIX DWARF PEARS 1 ott 4 vicar 21 24 21 bartlett 16 5 B bussock boug Bous ous sock aock 3 shelden 6 bell peli bell beli lucrative THE liest SIX APPLES arrles 1 maidens blush 1 4 jef jefferis fenis feris 2 baldwin 16 5 smiths cider 3 L I 1 russet 6 Forn walder THE IMST BEST SIX I 1 1 E early ar I 1 y 4 old free E 2 george geore IV 1 5 cline gin din 3 morris white 6 bergens bergena yellow THE BEST SIX GRAPES GRAPE I 1 concord 4 diina 2 maxatawny Maxa Alaxa tawny 16 15 5 union village 8 3 delaware 6 hartford prolific fic bic THE BEST SIX CHERRIES 1 may duke duwe 4 black eagle 2 early richmond 1 5 downton 3 2 black 6 elton THE BEST FOUR YOUR raspberries RASP BERRIES 1 Br inkles orange 3 catawissa Cata wisia 2 hornet hornot j I 1 4 THE BEST FOUR roer strawberries iwhite pine apple 3 honeys seedling 2 grand 4 albany hie tie edling 9 CURRANTS 1 black naples 12 2 red dutch J R 1 2 Hough tons seedling blackberries BLACIC BERRIES I 1 new rochelle HOW TO IMPROVE 1 ROV A BADLY RUN am FARM the first and most important point to be considered and attended too is a general change of crops most moat farms that are run downs down have been under tinder a long course ot of cropping i with one or more of the different small email grains such as wheat rye barley or oats one of these grains generally bein being made a Je leading iding crop in wheat sections it is wheat iwother iu other sections oats oata and although rye and barley arl ey aro are re raised to some extent yet a large i portion of 0 badly run land hea baa been mainly cropped with wheat these theae crops are calculated to have as bad effect on land and to give it a poor worn out appearance as quick as perhaps any other crops though in reality it my not be so very badly run down for other crops besides wheat and oats again such land fand is generally not sloughed ploughed hed more than forror four tour or five inches deep consequently quent ly th ough the land may sooner appear to he ite worn outs outi out yet in reality it is only badly run to that depth hence a change of or crops crop and deep and thorough cultivation may be expected to produce excellent results this in y be e illustrated by relating a little of my experience and here let me we say I 1 do not intend to state or recommend any hing ling in these remark remarks that I 1 do not consider warranted by my own experience or observation I 1 commenced farming ona on a small place that had been let to neighboring f farmers admere no one residing on the place for many years before it came into my hands bands As is often the tho case all that was raised was taken off from a and nothing returned to the land it bad not been seeded down for a long iong time until the spring ring I 1 bought it it was seeded to if c clover closer over wheat bad been the principle crop p alternating occasionally with oats the las last t crop which was cats only yielded some twelve or thirteen bushels per acre it was so badly run out that it was difficult to get any one to take it the spring it came int inte into my po possession session I 1 planted six acres to corn and potatoes at the rate of fifty bushels of shelled corn to the acre and the potatoes at the rate of bushels per acre these theme crops were raised without any mal mah manure tire lire except the clover sod of the previous springs seeding and were undoubtedly due to a change of crops deep sloughing ploughing hing and good cultivation nor was this all by makita a general change of crops and management the land was not only made productive and pr gge fit finable able abie but the general appearance and credit of the place plate was brought up and improved d BO so much that when I 1 wished to sell and buy a larger farm it sold for about double what it cost me I 1 have also pursued pui put sued a similar course or change of crops on my present farm which was considerably sider J ably run down with very Batis satisfactory factory results there are many similar instances of 0 the great benefit of a change of crops that have come under my notice but I 1 can make room fr for only one otte or two one is in I 1 legard eg ard to a piece ot of rather poor hemlock land that babit ab it was not consider co d very good wheat land had been kept in spring t crops some years and a as 5 the owner said wanted seeding down J he said he did not expect much wheat as it was not wheat land and had bad been a going in spring crops some time and wanted rest but that in order to get it in a good condition for meadow and well seeded he was going to bummer fallow and ana sow it to wheat 21 yet that field gave 30 bushels per acre which was an extra crop for that kind of land in another instance the same kind of arld land arid that had been badly run to spring pring crops was sown gown to wheat on oat stubble and gare gave over 20 bushels per acre having shown that a change of crops produces good results we would continue to make use ot of this fact as far as circumstances will admit by bv adopting a systematic change or rotation of crops there are many good alid and sufficient reasons besides those already given in of a rotation is but the readers of the country gentleman bein being familiar with them I 1 shall proceed to consider what crops should be included in a rotation for a badly run out farm perhaps b ile tip b st way to determine this question will be to consider what whai crops have been grown to imp the lahd land but this has already been done to some extent in con ol sideling deibig the necessity of a change of crops hence having seen that the small grains have been the principle crops raised in running down the land it will be best beat to laise raise as little as possible of them and find some other crys crops to take their place now ow there is one crop hat that I 1 bare seldom if ever heard charged with wearing out or I 1 even i juring land true we sometimes bear of land bc baoming oming clover bickly sick in E gland bilt bill I 1 believe such euch cases are exceedingly rare it there ther are any at all in thib thia country and more especially when plaster is sown on the clover as it always should be on all but ver very 7 rich lands but on anthe the contrary while clover never impoverishes land it is seldom raised without improving the soil and putting it in a mich m ich better state for other crop crops and arid this improvement being much grea grebl er and more surprising on badly run lahd land that has been but seldom if ever clo cio vereil again clover can be made a very prod profitable lable labie crop as I 1 hope to show when ing ing 0 mori mork more in detail in regard to its cultivation nor IS or for these reasons and many more some of which may be given another tim clover should be the leading crop in ili bringing up land next to clover I 1 consider corn the best beat crop to grow in in improving the soil the reason reabon for this opinion can be easily mad made 0 apparent to all in this way who ever heard beard of land being rundown run down where clover and corn wire the principal crop crops and these crops made good by thorough anti anil deep cultivation and t were mostly consumed on the farm as of c ourse course they should be such cases must be exceedingly rare if inked indeed there are any for my part I 1 have yet to meet with the first one true rundown land will wil not continue to produce as good crops for any considerable length of time after a change chadee as it does docs at first yet by raising clover and cornnor corn fr the principal crops and arid feeding feedings a large portion of both beth on the farm the land may be constantly improving Im provin 9 and the the crops after the first and principal essect effect of a charge is worn ot off be continually growing better it is true that corn grown crown year after year on the bame same field for a long time will on most soils run down the land but when it is grown only once in four or fire years in a judicious ludi ludl clous cious rotation and everything in relation to the crop well managed the general effect and result will be altogether different dit ferent but though corn and clover should be the principal crops yet there should be some kind of grain sown after corn to seed down with what this thib b should be may perhaps be best determined in each particular section regard being had bad not only to what hat would be likely to succeed best but also to the kind of grain that clover will take the b st at with it being always important to get a good seeding in considering the best beat way to improve a badly run farm I 1 have not alluded to under draining for the reason redson that a man commencing on such a farm urn more or less in debt will have bave but little means or inclination to do any thing of the kind but will rather choose to buy a farm that may be improved without it still there may be instances where it will be b atto at to buy land that needs under draining in such cases due allowance should be made for it in purchasing and buit suit sufficient clent money retained to pay at least some portion fortion of the expense As good and deep cultivation and janurin ma 01 which should include a liberal use of or plaster and ashes have been frequently alluded to it will not net be necessary in concluding to do more than merely state that while they are very important on all farms no one need ever think to succeed for any length ot of time on badly worn land without giving both the strictest attention and that as a general change in the course of croppi cropping ig and manner m inner of cult will give good crops on the start so these crops should be so in managed and used as a to give the largest amount ol 01 manure that it may be pric practical 0 t mke m kes thus making good crops add largely to the amount of manure which in turn will add to the amount of crops and this course to fol owed up lips will vill be sure sooner or later to make a good productive farm F orleans county N Y country gentleman |