Show THE democratic PARTY SPEECH OF HON JAMES HARLAN ot of lowa iowa delivered june at des moines city before the Ite republican publican state Convent contention lon ion CONCLUDED in the free states the mass of the laboring people are independent outside of the great cities very few are really poor in our own state in 1856 but in a population of were returned as paupers haupers pau pers in relation to food and raiment there is but little substantial difference between the employer and employed nearly all consume foreign goods in considerable quantities and consequently pay in t the h e same pro proportion port ion lon indirect taxes forthe for the E support of the government also manufacturing districts which exist principally in the borig north pay large sums of money from year to year ear as a duty on raw materials imported m por ae d which afterwards as fabrics are sold in foreign markets the th e duty thus pai pal paid d be becomes berdine colne roine an absolute tax on the industry of the north it is therefore probable that the enterprising in 11 and industrious millions of free people swarming in the north and northwest north west pay a relative excess of the receipts at the custom house bouse ap approaching ro aching in amount the excess of their imp importations orations the revenues collected through the post offices in each section of the confederacy presents a disparity still more striking here is an exhibit of the gross receipts and expenditures of the di department from june jiin e 30 1854 to june 30 1858 and the estimates for 1859 and 1860 receipts expenditures Deti deficiency tendency clency from the treasur 1855 9 1856 6 3 1857 7 as 4 1858 88 01 5 1859 7 03 00 6 00 asro 00 13 00 we have seen what probable proportion of these deficiencies drawn directly from the treasury is paid by the people of the free an and d slave states respectively I 1 now enque enquire ire lre i what h at proportion of the po stages is collected and ex expended in each of the tha two sections of the union As an illustration take the six new england states and the six slave states which were of the original thirteen for the two years ending june 30 1857 and june 30 1858 FOR FOIL trie THE FISCAL risca TEAR JUNE JUKE 30 1857 1837 free states total receipts maine new hampshire venn on t loo 11 48 92 rhode mand wand L 62 40 82 connecticut 1212 slave states tole towi receipts expenditures delaware 20 maryland ogi 31 Virg lill a osa 10 north V carolina a rolina 72 south carolina georgia 33 FOR THE FISCAL tear year ENDING USE jus jue 30 1858 slave states state total Recel receipts pVc expenditures maine 10 new hampshire vemont vermont miss mass 93 rhode island 45 fl connecticut gis gig slave state total rec lal expenditures delaware 21 03 32 7 M maryland marsland a ry I 1 a nd OS Vir girds north carolina 08 south carolina 66 6 georgia i i 86 tl bithis exhibit t is is i x fo air 4 N r t h since bince the six slave stites states mentioned lare 1 are t the 01 oldest est and perhaps the most wealth wea thyl thyi yin in t that h at section almose and those mentioned in th the e north include two new states and exclude the two great states of new york and pennsylvania and yet the people of 0 these six free states pay their own post office expenses and a surplus into the tho treasury while the six old slave states pay less than one half of the cost of carrying their own mails malls As a further illustration compare the receipts and expenses of the post office system in the nine new states admitted into the union in the northwest north west and bind on the pacific coast and an equal number of new states in the southwest south west for the year ending june 30 1858 1853 total xotal receipt expenses ohio 7 indiana illinois i 4 michigan wisconsin n 41 iowa california minnesota oregon ore on lot tot total 11 ll receipt expenses expense kentucky tennes tennessee see mississippi 88 ail All aubara baina balna lul Mul pulsiana louisiana slana siana missouri arkansas 54 florida texas 4 3 1 I 1 the expenses of the Department vin sin the nine i F free ree states in the northwest north west exceed the receipts only and in the nine new slave states or more than two dollars in the slave states to one in the the I 1 free ree states after a careful review of this subject no one can be so as to deny that the burtrens bur of the national government are laid unequally on the people of the north by the democratic party and that this is especially oppressive to the people of iowa it is probably an average state of those in the union in the consumption of foreign goods its population ula tion in june 1856 had reached the census returns now comin coming in indicate an increase up to this time of 30 per contover cen tover that year hence our population is is now probably about the population of t the he entire confederacy is supposed supposed posed to be about awen ty nine millions of sur sug which w ich over four millions mil mii liona are slaves leaving a white population of im lesa than twenty five millions hence the white population of an average state I 1 less than that of iowa it can therefore hardly be doubted that the people of this state pay in indirect taxes to the national government one million seven hundred thousand dollars of the fifty seven millions of the annual receipts from customs this is an enormous sum of money to be collected from the people of a new state but in addition to this indirect tax the people of this state have paid into the national treasury during the last four years as we have before shown one million nine hundred thousand dollars per annum for land put out of which they are struggling to dig a support for their dependent families Is it wonderful that vve ive w feel the pressure of hard times in iowa with the deboer democratic abic party pressing from your pockets an aggregate of three milli million on six hundred thousand thou bana sana dollars dollars per annum to pour into tho the T treasury treasury at washington city to support a government declared by mr toombs one of the democratic leaders on the floor of the senate to be the most corrupt at this moment of any government on earth if the party intended to secure the destruction of the government by the oppression of the people they could not be more profligate in the the I 1 expenditure of the public treasure A more grinding tax has never been wrung from a people by any arly despotism of the old world the rhe annual amount paid by the people of iowa to the national government for the last four years would yield if invested at ten per cent interest three hundred and sixty thousand dollars a year a sum more than equal to the annual expenses of your state government including the construction of your gb public buildings as as estimated by those who hav ave been charging the republicans of the state with extravagance in the administration of its local affairs ath in this emergency what measure of reef r lief ilef ii does the democratic party propose they propose to increase the taxes thib this is their mode of relief they propose to increase the rate of duty now paid on foreign goods and to levy a new tax on commodities now admitted free giving the preference to thesel those I 1 which come in competition with the products product sl of our own workmen in our home market andt and imposing im os ing it most heavily on goods such as twi tea M and cof coffee flee brought exclusively from abroad see treasurers Treasur ers report for 1857 8 page 7 they propose to increase the rates of post age on letters letter and newspapers from forty to sixty per cent to be paid as we have seen principally by the people of the free states to enhance mail facilities in the slave states here is the record of the yeas and nays in the U S senate on this proposition yeas TEAS benjamin bright brown chesnus Cl ienni cla cia clay olay y Cl ingmans davis davit fitchp pitch fitzpatrick green gre e gwin hammond houston li flater fliter johnson johnso n of ark johnson of ann jodl joints lan lant marofa pearch po k reid beld sebastian toombs ward wardi aad tules yules 29 NAYS WAYS me mel mew sars allen alien bayard beeler brode broderich rick f chandler Chand ier Jer mark dark Coli collamer amert dizon doolittle dou Don dougl dougi gl durkee fessenden foot root foster hale nale Ilam llam lins hallio king tug tue 1 rugh ug gb hie rice seward shields simmons storn stort iq we wade deg wilson and wright 28 oong cong giot part 2 2nd sad selon session congress con Coc creo creM page pace 1499 i every ye ry cast by a democratic senator including that of my former colle colie colleague in the senate dehate from iowa every republican albe alRe can voted in I the negative khz they oppose the te restriction of the sale of the p public lic ilc lands to actual settlers and thus place the pioneer on the frontier at the mercy of land sharks who amass fortunes out of the thi hard bard earnings of the patient sons of toil they oppose the homestead bill which proposes to give lands to the landless for settle men tand taDd cultivation as freely as they receive the ao air the he rain and the sunshine as the almighty designed when he created these broad prairies and these fertile valleys here is the record of the vote in the senate inthis benefi ceni measure TEAS bells beils bell beil broderick cameron chandler dark mark dixon Dougla dougia Dou giai glai tj fes FeB fessenden senden foot foster tery gwin hale ugie hamlin narlan harlan II arlan arian johnson ot of tennessee jones king kings pugh nice rice seward shields Sim simmons monsy stuart trumbull wade and wilson 37 27 NAYS WAYS alien allen bates bayard bigler bright brown chesnut clay clingman davis fitch fitzpatr patrick patrict lck lct green hammond nam ham mond houston hunter iverson johnson or of arkansas ital libl favory lory lorr mason nason pearce polk heid held Sebast sebastian lany ians slidell Thomp thompson bon of new jersey jerseys toomb ward wards wright and yules 10 every republican voted for the measure every negative vote was cast by a democrat they propose the occupancy of several of the more n ure feeble mexican states and portions of central america b by the armies of the uni united alred states at an additional additional cost of several in millions illions per annum with a view to their acquisition and conversion into slave territory and the direct purchase of cuba at a cost of at least one hundred and twenty millions to increase the number of the slave states this ja is a great southern measure carefully matured and deliberately adopted it is intended by this means to strengthen and fortify their system of slave siave labor so as to place it beyond the power of freemen of the north ever to acquire the control of the government ern ment the initiatory step was taken at the last session of congress in a proposition to place thirty millions of dollars in the hands of the president to be used in facilitating the acquisition of this island to be followed by an appropriation of from one hundred and twenty to two hundred millions of dollars as the purchase price to be afterward collected principally of the northern people as the cost of their theil political sub subjugation uga tion this monstrous proposition receil recell received the support of every northern democrat in the senate on a est question to lay on the table 12 the vote stood YEAS TEAS brods cameron chandlery chandler clarl clart doolittle fessenden yoot foot foster posters naley hale lamlin liar har lan ian ken Kea kennedy nedy king eing seward saward Sim Sli sll amons monsy Trum bully wade and nd wilson IS 18 bairs NAYS alien allen bayard benjamin bigler brown rown chanut Che nut clay Cling matl mati dollar fllch filch fitzpatrick fitzpatr patr lck lct green gwins gwint hanter iverson johnson ol 01 arkansas johnson of 0 tenn lane lanes mallory mai Mal lory lorr jm a sony sons polk reid held ricey rice shield sebastian slidell smith smithy toombs and ward 30 cong cone globe part 21 2 ind session 35 h 1363 of course other reasons are advanced for the acquisition it might be dangerous to proclaim their purpose to be to neutralize the volke voice of republican iowa in the U S senate with a couple of creole senators from eastern cuba of wisconsin with a couple from western cuba of new york with a couple of mongrels mon grels from sonora it is thought better to employ a coating of sugar to render the pill a little more palatable the first reason advanced for northern con coh consumption is the expansion of the republic t to 0 make room for our accumulating millions of people 2 2 its alleg alleged ef advantages commercially as a mart for our agricultural products 3 its necessity for tor our national defence 4 its utility in the suppression of the slave trade that these reasons are spurious scarcely an argument if re real althe the proposition would be more plausible for no one objects to the expansion of our possessions by honorable means when required by ghe the growth of the population nor the admission of a foreign state when requested by the voluntary act of a people in a condition to en enjoy y civil liberty but no one can pretend t that at this is true of the people of sonora chihuahua cuba or any of the central american states the central american confederation was dissolved longano lon Ion gago by internal dissensions and its people hate never since been able to construct reconstruct re a national government the incapacity of the mexican people to govern themselves has become proverbial mexico has had many presidents elevated by revolution during the last few years as kansas has had governors appointed by democratic presidents to carry out the democratic interpretation pre tation of squatter sovereignty the necessity of its absorption as contradictory as it may seem is is defended on the ground of incapacity of the people to govern themselves the cubans are of the same race their competence for self seif government government will hardly be pretended hence hence their admission as states could not hot be desired at present presents by the real friend of this republic to hold them as provinces to be governed by the appointees of the executive of the nation would be scarcely less dangerous their acquisition would furnish no outlet for our people sonora and chihuahua in consequence of sterility are incapable of supporting a dense denser population central america in consequence of its climate and malaria is certainly not desirable to a people who have lived for generations in a healthy and temperate country and cuba is now owned and occupied b by a population more dense than that of the wn united cited states it is an old country older than massachusetts or virginia it was permanently manent ly occupied by the spaniards in 1511 near lear nearly learly y years ago a I it is said to be about miles mile s long and on an average forty miles wide and with its lis itsie de contain about forty seven thousand square miles and a population of or an average of over 33 to the square mile report no 35 senate corm corn comy ad session congress p 13 in 1850 1830 the average population to the square mile of virginia was 23 of all the states of the union excluding territories about V 1 of all the states south soul of mason and dixons line less than 10 and of all the states and territories of the united states less than 8 hence the average population of cuba is more than 43 per cent greater than that of virginia per cent greater than of all the slave states and more than per cent greater than the average density of the population of our whole country since 1850 the population of the united states has probably increased 30 per cent occurring principally in the hew kiew states hence the foregoing estimate is subject to this modification but with this modification it will be seen that cuba furnishes no room for the expansion of our population but we are not now oppressed for room our possessions |