| Show wet VET LANDS AND DRAINAGE although Althou gb in this territory there is comparatively little land that may be called wet or marshy there is sufficient in various localities to induce us to print the following practical lical remarks on drainage from the tile new american cyclopedia wet lands are well known to be tie unfavorable to the production of large crops it Is also true that grains potatoes grass etc etca are ot of sounder bounder and better quality when grown upon lands not subject to excess of moisture the abe soils soua that retain it are correctly described as cold while the more porous soils of a sandy nature are called warm the former are chilled by the evaporation continually going ony ons on while the latter are warmed below by the rain water which percolates through from the surface surfaces and are heated by the direct action of the auns guns rays by the tiie experiments of mr parkes parkies in a bog in lancashire it appears that by giving tree free passage passage to the water through a cold soil by thorough drainage its temperature at the depth of 7 inches may be raised 10 degrees above that of adjoining land of the same quality thump thus drainage produces the tiie effect of a warmer climate and may adds add in facts tact fact many days to the length of the ceason season and this not merely by reamon reason of the warmth extended for a longer period but in the spring the soil Is sooner prepared for cultivation and may be in a condition for tor plowing and planting even two weeks before neighboring land of similar quality la in other respect respects si would admit of the passage of oxen and horses for working an instance of such euch a gain in time was reported in 1356 by ahe tile tide secretary of the board of agriculture agriculture of the state of maine in the late spring of the northern states where the snow often lies lieg ile lle in april and the ground Is saturated with moisture in may the advantages thus thua secured are of greater importance while frequent accessions of water Is a great benefit to lands which it finds a ready passage passages its retention impairs in various ways the fertility of the soil soli it prevents the pulverization of the earth by the plow and harrow barrow and the circulation of air to the roots of flie tue plants it nourishes a growth of noxious plant plants and la in woodlands its injurious effect Is seen in the production of many lichens lich Itch enss jungi and anil other parasites upon the trees everi even the cattle and sheep pastured upon wet lands are subject to da duel sea from which those in dry aaa fla ids are comparatively tree free and are moreover pestered by swarms of files flies and mosquitoes which disappear as the same lands bre ire gre drained man himself Is often the gra greatest test sufferer futerer from fron fro n lands which tend to engender fevers and agues and these are known to prevail long after the forests have been removed sho abo showing that the cause Is not BO so much the decay of large bodies of vegetable matter as the tile cold dampness produced by the saturation of the earth with moisture by the rec nt researches of dr 11 I 1 bowditch of doston boston it appears that consumption also Is more prevalent in la those these localities in massachusetts which are badly drained fifty out ot of nifty fifty naty anty five live districts in the state of decidedly consumptive character characters being heing found wet by contiguity to ponds or marshes or by reason of low and alid springy lands in the vicinity ot of the wet and unhealthy localities are often found other others which appear to be as rree tree from any tendency to induce or aggravate the disease as the distant regions to which patients are sent for to recovery it la Is a singular facts fact tact fully established by experience that lands are more liable to suffer from drouth than those thoroughly drained the former in a dry time become baked bated and compact and do not readily absorb moisture from the atmosphere but a well pulverized and open sou sott receiver received into its pores and absorbs like a sponge the dew and aqueous vapor la in the air the moisture finds its warto the lower portions of the foil and la Is there taken up by the rootless rootlets root lets which beneti penetrate ate deep into the loosened materials deep or plowing la Is thus seen to be b most advantageously empi empl employed oyed in connection with under draining the same which prevents the of the water also aiso keeps near the surface the substances applied as manure and these exposed to the heat beat of the sun are in great part dissipated their richest ammon lacal por portions ions lons going off in exhalations exha lations to be precipitated by the rains talus upon other lands soils soila in cold climates buffer suffer from another cause they are liable to freeze when satur saturated atea with moisture and as they thaw or in popular language as t ne no frost comes out of the ground they are so heaved and bro broken kellup up that the roots of t the grass crass and winter grams crams are thrown out and the plants are destroyed this Is what Is called wit winter ter killed by draining and subs a way Is opened for the moisture to gink sink beyond the reach of frost and the ther soil la is left too dry to be disturbed by the thaws of of spring from these remarks maybe may be interred inferred the inutility of mere surface draining open trenches may convey away the surface kurt surf ace water watery but do not reach the cold stagnating repositories beneath the soil which check tb that t free circulation cu of 0 fluids which Is as essential to the health ot of vegetable bodies as that of the air to animals such ditches should be used only as brooks in the lowest grounds to convey away the water discharged into them by the underground drains coming down the elopes slopes thoroughly bly drained marsh lands are not found to possess uncommon fertility combined wilh a mellowness and depth of soil quite desirable for more easy culture as well as for profitable yield much of that land which now lies submerged in water and cov covered red with coarse grass or cane might by draining be rendered good farming lands or if preferred turned into meadows and sown with timothy red top or hungarian grass from which heavy crops of excellent grain or fodder might be produced where such crops would never succeed in their present state As to the most proper time for draining we believe hat that march or as early in the spring as practicable is a good time for the other spring labors are not yet pressing 11 and where draining may be largely advantageous every rod of drain made will serve to help forward the plowing sowing and harvesting now is the time to determine where drains should be made the vie american agriculturist says hai hat that drains are wanted wherever the surface water remained last spring hindering the plowing and planting they are wanted where the water collected and remained a long time when you dug post hois hols late in the season they are wanted where the soil was waa cold and stiff heavy in spring and fall and hard as a brickbat brick bat in summer they are wanted in yonder orchard where the trees are and stunted they are wanted in yonder pasture where the ground gives under your feet and where the grasses are coarse and sour drains from two to three feet deep and fifty feet apart will generally be sufficient but these proportions will vary according to the kind of soil clayey impervious soils requiring more drains than loose mucky lands look to it all ye farmers who own wet lands and consider whether they may be rendered more remunerative to you yon by draining currant wine when properly made is truly a delicacy and possesses properties peculiarly adapted to restoring I 1 a healthy equilibrium to the tiie system debilitated by temporary indisposition to which most people particularly females are more or less subject we have already printed other receipts for making this wine but the following from the germantown telegraph being a mode adopted by the editor of that journal for some bome years past seems a good and quite simple way and is worthy the attention of all who have farge targe quantifies quantities qian of currants and who contemplate manufacturing wine for several years we have made a ten gallon keg of currant wine which Is of as good quality as any we have tasted aid ard ld is to generally gene cene rally raily eo so pronounced by those who have had bad an opportunity to judge the mode of manufacture is simple and can be easily followed by any family having the currants and the disposition to make the wine for general information we give the receipt after which we make it and cordially recommend it the currants should be b fally folly ripe when picked put them into a large tub in which they may remain a day or twe two w then crush crash them with tile thie hands unless you have a mall small patent cider elder press in which they should not be pressed too much or the stems will be bruised and impart a disagreeable taste to the juice if it the hands bands are used put the crushed fruit after the juice has been bren poured off ina in a cloth or sack and press out the remaining juice put the juice back la in the tub after cleansing it where it 11 hould should remain for about three days until the first stages plages of f fermentation are overy every over and removing once or twice a day the scum copiously arising to the top then put puttee tile ulce into a vessel a deml demijohn johns jobus keg or barrel of a size to suit the quantity to be made and to each quart of juice add three pounds of the best brown sugar we prefer this to the ioard loar and water to make a gallon thus ten quarts of juice and thirty pounds of sugar 11 will wili ill lii give you ten tea gallons of wine and BO so on in that pro portion p the cask must be fall and the boag boas or stopper left off until fermentation ceases which will be in twelve or fifteen days daja meantime the cask caste must be filled up dally daily dau dad with water waters as fermentation throws out the impure matter when fermentation ceases rack the wine off care fullup either from the or by a siphon and keep running all the time cleanse the cask thoroughly with boiling water then return the wine bang up tightly and let stand for four or five months when it will be at fit to drink and can be bottled if it desired all the vess vessels elsy casks etc should be perfectly sweet and the whole operation should be done with an eye to cleanliness in such event every drop of brandy or other spirituous liquors added will detract from the faivor filmor of the wine and will not in the least degree increase its keeping qualities currant wine made la 12 this way will keep for an age ages unless it Is 19 drane DRAKE from grapes grape rhubarb and currants there is is no question hat bat that we might be able to produce for ourselves all the wine necessary for family uses and medicinal purposes thereby removing all cause for purchasing an imported article called wine wine wide which in nine cases out of ten is manufactured from alcohol adulterated with poisonous drugs and when taken medicinally as it generally is has a tendency to aggravate rather than alleviate disease we have heard it stated by gentlemen whose veracity was not questioned and aud who had carefully investigated the mysteries of the wine trade that not a single bottle of genuine port fort madeira malaga or any other french wine can be obtained in the united states except through the most means directly from the hands bands of the individual who imported it and even then we question seriously whether it would be genuine for eine wine is manufactured from alcohol even in ia france on the borders of the vast vineyards the juice of whose grapes has 9 given liven iven a worldwide fame to the wines of france when we hear any person express a preference for wine the poisoned pol poi alcohol of the in erchant merchant we want to whisper in his ear it if you really need a stimulating draught drink that which Is not poisoned the pure juice of the grape the unadulterated distillations of the rye corn wheat or the extracts in a milder form from barley and other grain even these however if used at all should be used as medicine but if there are any who would fain emulate the death of soc socrates rates let them like that great philosopher drink deeply 1 and make a quick end of the matter do not indulge in slow siow poison polson libations we have already continued our reflections on wine making and wine further than that at present wa we had des designed defined ined but as the subject is before us we may here add that some are induced to believe that those casks of what is called customhouse custom house wines are generally pure and unadulterated being captured from smugglers direct from france and then becoming the property of the he government this view was not so generally credited when the fact eked out that extensive manufactories manu factories were found in various parts of france where the choicest wines were made without the be aid of the grape but it is now nearly obsolete quite so with the initiated it ben being a well established fact that pure juice by the french wine makers is put up in bottles carefully corked and sealed very few of which are ever permitted to reach the shores of america in cincinnati ohio during the past ten years vineyards have become numerous and extensive and several thousand gallons of a good wine have ben been manufactured there yearly but this is mostly consumed in cincinnati and vicinity what hope therefore have we of ever obtaining pure wine either for family use or for sacramental purposes can it be had from the vine yard california where large quantities are yearly manufactured no it is all consumed at home they have none for exportation we must manufacture our own wine if we would have it can we vve do so why wily not until the hardy varieties of the grape are generally cultivated among us let all who want wines procure some choice currant shoots or roots and from these together with the rhubarb every family may have next year at least one bottle of pure wine which if not previously required for some urgent occasion occasions may be kept forty or fifty years and then following the example of the good woman in fit england presented to tile the apostles the harvesting season is now with us that all the labors thereof should be carefully and promptly performed is of the utmost importance the prairie farmer thus pertinently reminds the farmer of some things attention to which Is lii absolutely essential to profitable farming to say nothing 0 of the credit and satisfaction accruing from having performed work in a and systematic manner by all means and for the sake of a good name and a profitable ones one do not do a loose business in the harvest field there Is no place where the practice ot of putting off till tomorrow to morrow what can be done today to day Is more disastrous cut less legs grain ani sal secure it provide now for tor its security calculate a little no man this season can afford to lose from neglect another thing thine and an important one go into the field with a sickle as goon boon as the grain 9 rows golden and cut your seed select that earliest ripe of coursey courses course with 0 ther other good qualities to correspond exclude chess heads beads thresh abr antee sh it with a flail and store it away from til ill the a rats and mice we will warrant every kernel to grow and node no deterioration teri oration such as running out will follow talk about abou wheat running ouli outi no wonder when such stuff Is sown a and ad so little care taken to preserve the good qualities of a variety threshing with a great many tanners farmers costs more than nive fire times what it should costs more inore in the waste of grain caused cawed |
