Show FORr FARMERS AND GARDENERS farm operations in season the american agriculturist in its calendar of operations for this mouth sao say april is no leisure month for the farmer the plows and harrows barrows asare are at work manure Is wanted in the fulls fulds fences are not yet cattle proof early crops require putting in and the farm stock need much care at this their heir season seaon of increase it jurgs prompt and timely attention aten to every department part pari ment of the spring farm work for idiot if enot inot promptly and closely pursued now the work of the whole season will be delayed and there will ie the unpleasant necessity of being driven by rather than the pleasure of driving i 1 21 ible evils of slovenly cultivation cannot be too much deprecated the agriculturist says it r la Is I 1 important that work be well done if a piece or 0 land laud is 13 half plowed plotted no iio after labor can fully atone forit for it although even in hoed tined crops while ro lhing cant can be done for the grain undertake to cultivate no more than can be well put in and thoroughly li led if the farm contains more land than can be properly min managed aged turn out a portion to pasture and till the rest or what would be moie more proper in mo mot most t cf of the lle tle farming districts of butali let a portion rest and cultivate every C efy alternate i year ear for por instance a man has a fairn farm of fifty ak acres now kow twenty acres of that if thoroughly cultivated will yield him more produce than the fifty half cultivated if therefore he be is determined to harg on to the fifty or the hundred acres and will not divide m with ith the industrious man who has no farm but hut would purchase seif self bif he could why let him lay it off in div divisions inions of from ten to or twenty five ref acres rei and cultivate a different diff drent divi division lon Ion each year lis lib ITs Ts would woula w oula ouia ae be more profitable fo for the farmer and betted better for the soil W we are satisfied that as a general thing our farmers run over not cultivate too much ground at cedar city iron county a field nearly three and a half miles ion lon long iong and about one mile wide containing 11 some two thousand acres was wilh ith a strong picket fence of cedar posts at a cost of about fifteen thousand dollar dollars was allotted among the inhabitants of that settlement where there were about one hundred what was the result the average aj yield per acre was from five to ten busi busl bushels eis els and ana the them people of cedar have been more than once compelled to buy their bread breadstuff s from the agin settlement ent of parowan carowan and ard when it could not ka be obtained there to purchase and haul it from beaver a distance of nearly CO GO miles at parowan Pa rowan rowen a field of some five or six bundre dacres was which being divided toi tol ah m it patches patch eg gave the farmers opportunity to I 1 irate thir thin land and the conscience was crops were generally remunerative and there was no scarcity of grain we have not particularized cedar because it is the only settlement where farms are not sum BUM len clentry ien lly liy cultivated to make them pa pay well weil and where almost every man has by one halt half more land laud than he be can cultivate with profit it is so also to a greater or less extent in most of the farming forming localities of the territory we vl e reiterate the assertion and practice will demonstrate its truth that twenty acres of land prope we t xan tan yand d skillfully tilled will yield larger profits afe tte fd farmer riner than fifty acres ucles hastily prepared andi andl n hal all air r cultivated ul I 1 I 1 v a t ed if retrenchment should be urged upon the farmers of the east there are double incentives forit fofiu for it here Ile ild besides eldes Eides the argument of greater crops from a smaller quantity of land when thoroughly cultivated we have the additional incentives cen tivis tives of greatly diminished labor in irrigation the themsie nio moie i e economical ue use of or water and consequently ly a larger number of farms an augden of the population of settlements and whit IJ a desideratum of paramount importance i a vast increase in the quantity of produce raised in the Terri orv orT manure for potatoes though it las been shown that half the ash of the potatoe consists of potash fi yet he lie application of ashes aphes adds but little to the yield per acre sere experiments last year by the proprietors of the genesee eamer farmer go to show that while four hundred bushels of wood vv ashes gave an inci laci ease of only five bushels per acre lbs ibs of sulphate of ammonia gave an increase of 45 bushels bushel per acre and of sulp sulphate liate of ammonia and of of lime gave an increase of 84 bus Lus bushels liels per acre peruvian guano contains about 10 per cent of ammonia and 25 per cent of phosphates it is 13 therefore the best manure that eari cati qan can 11 be applied to lan ian landiel land diet klet set bet apart la ig the abs encee of guano ahw the dro droppings ga 0 of f hen 1009 weg a good substitute a J a 1 ci jille fic tic far famed lamed peruvian guano juano is nothing more nor less than the droppings of seafowl sea fowl gathered on the peruvian islands in the pacific it will be found of much pecuniary advantage to farmers to a yard for their poultry and have the hen roosts boosts securely sheltered so that all the homemade home made guano may be gathered up from time to time and kept dry in boxes or barrels till required for use to still fur fui faither ther attest the utility cf of this manure for potatoes and if possible induce some of our wideawake wide awake and thrifty farmers to adopt our suggestion we make the following additional extract from the same sama article on I manures for potatoes in the genesee fanner gin tin in the same tild 1114 l on which the above experiment experiments 8 w were ere made two acres were planted with potatoes in 1852 without any manure and two acres with of figure peruvian guano per acre crey sown t road c dt the two acres without maiure produced bushels and the two acres dress d with guano produced bu bushels bua Lua hels hele or an increase of 0 eighty six buhlis per acre guano not only gives the greatest increase without admixture but there is no manure that hat can be applied with greater benefit to the pota toe crop when mixed with common farm januies manu ies carrots and sugar beets are excellent winter feed for milk cow cows as well as other stock but for them especially to make your cows give good milk and a plenty of it a sufficiency of good feed is the first requisite if you have a patch of or deep mellow soil plant carrot or beet seed or both and raise some winter feed for your cow then with a comfortable shelter from the he v chilling winds and deep snows of winter you may reasonably expect to harve have butter for your table and milk for the little ones sown in drills fifteen or twenty inches laches apart about two pounds of carrot seed is enough for an acre As soon as the plants are well 0 out ut of the ground they should be carefully hoed and cleaned from all weeds after which hoe and weed often enough to keep clean the long is said to be the most prolific in yield and therefore best for field culture if preferred a small patch of the scarlet can be planted for taule talla use carrots are good feed for horses A correspondent in the agriculturist 4 says that every man who keeps a horse should feed some ai as I 1 am told by those who ought to know that they assist in the digestion of the other feed of the horse thus giving I 1 him more nourishment from that be bessilea siles what he bets gets from iron iro n the carrots the american agriculturist for april is before us the table of coutentos cou tents embraces a large and attractive vali vall ty ay of subjects the suggestions for the month months are full and pointed beeb bees bread butter culture of carrots cranberries currants and dealing ith ath with cows COWE the dairy the farm fencing flowers hitchon kitchen garden gadden grafting gapes pass grass house clean cleaD cleaning ipg inserts insects luck and pluck manure manures nuts touts onion orlou culture orchard and nursery calendar plowing potatoes puzzles and problems problem recipes seeds sheep stables strawberries sugar cane canes trees varieties of and how to plant ac ac are matters that thai receive due notice and h information imparted in a single number may in many cases prove prore moio moie than an equivalent for the cost of a volume this li one of the best agricultural journals published in the world it is printed in new 1 york vork city by orange judd A BL editor and krietor etor at 1 per annum invariably in advance an english and a german edition is printed each of the he same size and containing the same articles and illustrations as nearly as possible the copyright of each number ia is secured en alered according to 0 o act of congress ac the genelea eanner fanner for foy f 0 jau iau january uary rj and february 1859 comes to us laden with an unusual va biety of interesting practical and scientific articles on matters pertinent to the farmer gardener dairyman stock raiser fruit grower louse kouse wife ac ae these numbers came to hand late the mail sacks containing them having been some weeks in the mountains the genesee fanner fannef is printed in rochester new yok by joseph harris at the low price of 50 cents a year in ia advance clubs furnished at reduced I 1 price prices 1 an edcha exchange n ga says plants breathe bre atlle atlie the respiratory organs are in the leaves the upper sides in hilins and the under sides exhaling thil this can be seen by applying a cabbage 1 I le leaf af to a blister pao pa pae o the upper tipper side next to tiie the blister bl isler and it w n ill draw place the under gide side next to it and no effect Is ia produced potatoes are planted in hills and in rows but we prefer planting in rows not because there is any material ehi efi Terence in the yield beld but because a given quantity of land planted panted in rows may be cultivated with less labor tabor than if planted in hills each cut cutia about bouta pa foot apart the tho rows two P or r two a ald aid ld a la half affett fet a lal pai t aft b f tt from the american agriculturist luri Lurl st breeding weeding in and in cattle bleeders breeders Bre eders reply deeply to cassius cassias M X clay no II 11 mr cassaus cassius M clay in the february number numbers rejoins to mv my article la a the january agriculturist arter after saying baring what I 1 did then I 1 intended to follow with sime same remarks on the collings system of breeding shorthorn short horn catti also on the practice of various eminent breeders bleeders bre eders since as bareal bates dates the booths and others I 1 khail khall come to them b before e I 1 get through but as mr clay has classified his arguments in condemnation of this system for convenience I 1 will follow him in answer I 1 wish however to make this saving remark I 1 do not nut advocate the breeding in and in in all cases and do not recommend others to do BO so at all except under circumstances of perfect health and condition of the animals proposed to be so bred and in observance of such pl as s I 1 quoted the examples 0 of f the celebrated breeders bleeders bre eders I 1 named let us look at mr clays clayd line of argument against close or in and in breeding ue he condemns it I 1 from tan tau analogy the divine law as expounded by moses forbade the jews from intermarrying Inter marrying within certain degrees of blood relation why we are not altogether given to understand tanti but we may presume one of the principal reasons was to preserve and promote the decencies and proprieties of life physical considerations no doutt influenced the restrictions laid down by moses to some extent for tor it Is well known by every physiologist that diseases run in certain families from one generation to another arising perhaps 3 from accident at first but becoming chronic in the system they were susceptible of perpetuation through a similarity of blood of constien lions tion sympathy and bodily habit nervous sensibilities and other subtle influences not always visible to the eye or understanding the jews alsop also aiso had bad a mission before them being a warlike people peoples and demanding preat great bodily lodoly health and energy in action tet yet I 1 deny the similarity of the premises which mr clay institutes between the breeding of men and the breeding of brutes the analogy Is widely different differentia in the two subjects man has hag an organization of brain reasoning faculties sensibilities sympathies nervous tempera temperament menty and other affections added to the animal ma I 1 instincts and passions all of which more or less affect the procreative and functions and powers and exert a wide influence on hta hla progeny it Is unnecessary to ro 0 o into this further as physiologists and medical men have taught it all from time immemorial brutes have instincts and passions alone without the hunan attributes which I 1 have named their physical organization is ruder and co coarser arsers less complex and c cate te they subsist on simpler foods fewer in number and prepared prepared only as nature produces them therefore analogy to the human race in close doss breeding bears little or no relation to that of the brute creation let us however look even at the human lium ilum an family divested of our prejudices education and refinements let us take the bible for tor authority as it la Is quite evident we have none better at hand out of adams adama cide clde eve was formed and she rhe bore children to adam in and in breeding breedings that wasy wass was to a certainty they had bad sons and i daughters who must have intermarried Inter married and s nd in process of time a very con considerable sid bid embie emble territory became peopled by their issue we hear of no laws against close inter marriages in those days nor of idiots or imbeciles Imbe ciles arising from relationship lo 10 parents when noah noab his sons and their thein wives went out of the ark the only living humanities on the face of the earth c lose close alliances must mua of necessity have been practiced for ome some generations at least and from them strong physical amilte families sj tribes and nations sprung prom from an incest sprang moab and kud ammon strong men th thy y resulted also from a drunken revel the worst possible condition according to our modem theories from t hem them ap sprung rung the Moa mos bites blies and Ammonite ammonites sy who grew to be powerful people we hear bear of no to adverse physical results from these descents leaving the B bley bles ble bie let us consult the comparatively more modem modern but still to us ancient nations in greece kod kud add in rome it was common for men even tn in the he highest walks of life lite to commingle with their own oM offspring pring and the children of the same parents of often ten Inter intermarried married re bolting indeed and abominable in our eyes yet in many of the qualities of lear learning learnan laws law and civilization those nations were exalted beyond all ali allot others hera bera contemporary with them there may mav have been fools and imbeciles Imbe ciles also though we do not hear of them but great men sprung from those close relationshIp relationships sy and such euch practices were not considered by the people of those nations at all as we consider them I t sleak speak bly only of fact not propriety morality or right in the matter in the present day suppose for example that two children of a family born of healthy robust parents should be separated from their birth never knowing each other as rela reia relatives tIvies and that by accident in after life at proper age they should intermarry does any |