Show from the saturday evening post history of the electric telegraph in connection with the great triumph of science which has just been achieved the following resume leof teof of the history of the processes through which the electric telegraph has passed in in obtaining its present perfection will be found intire interesting sting it shows that to a large number are due portions of the credit 1726 an en englishman named ria iia in ed wood discovered that the electric fluid could be conducted long distances by wires 1746 herr winkler of leipsic discharged a leyden jar by a friction machine through a wire of considerable length the thie river pleis forming part of his circuit 1747 dr watson made a successful experiment of a similar character over a space of four tour miles at Sc Scho hooters oters otera hill near london embracing his circuit of two miles of wire and of equal distance of ground A writer in the philosophical transactions vol xiv 1848 gives him the credit of having been the first toi tol suggest the application of electricity to tele graph purposes 1748 dr bra Fra franklin set fire to spirits by an electric current sent across the thie schuylkill on a wire and nd allowed it to return by the river and earth 1774 aa M lesage of geneva constructed an electric telegraph consists cons consi istl sg g of twenty four wirer wire each properly insulated and terminating at one end of either was put into communication with thi the e prime r conductor of in an electrical the balawag ball bail was wag re repelled abad and a borres corres corres P n gleiter 0 gl elter etter r thus indica indicated tid t 1791 M loi lot lomond ond of france comi communicated anicat cd telegraph signals to a neighboring room by means of a potato ball electrometer acted upon b by electricity we find a record of it in the Anth ologia hl IR bernica for september 1794 vol 4 published in dublin in electricity M bosmond has made a remarkably mar kably discover you write two of or three words voa vos on a lape paper I 1 he takes it with him into a room and runs a machine in a cylindrical case at the top of which is an electrometer asdall a small fine pith ball a wire connects with a similar cylinder and electrometer in ia a distant apartment and his wife by remarking the corresponding motions of the ball writes down the words they indicate from which it appears that he has formed an alphabet of motions As the length of the wire makes no difference in the effect a correspondence might be carried on to any distance within end and without a besle besie besieged ed town for instance or for a purpose much more lore worthy arod arid a thousand times more harmless between two lovers prohibited or prevented from any better bettar connection al reise reisa illuminated letters upon plate glass formed of tin foil by means of electricity 1795 M claval clavelo proposed to form an electric telegraph by firing a gas gar ga s pistol at the distant tant end of a wire and thus 1 us to give signals M savary attributes the first idea idda of 0 an electric telegraph to dr franklin 1798 betancourt established a telegraph between madrid and aranjuez a distance of i twenty five miles through which a current of electricity was passed and gave signals for letters 1809 So emering constructed the first gal vanic telegraph at munich which operated by the ibe decomposition of water and which he be also caused to ring a bell at the 0 opposite osite end of the wire ings was the hirst first decomposition or chemical telegraph and can be even now successfully but less rapidly worked than bains baing 1816 dr john redman coxe cox of philadelphia proposed to establish an electric telegraph and to make signals at a distance by the decomposition of water and metallic salts causing a change in color to ensue 1819 professor bersted Per sted of copenhagen discovered electric magnetism or betic motion 1820 M ampere of france discovered the electro magnetic telegraph this he constructed ted of as many wires as there were letter letters and used the deflects deflection on of the needle as a si signal ile he broke and renewed the circuits by finger keys something similar to those of the keys of a pianoforte 1823 francis of england lyro jiro proposed a telegraph by the use of frictional electricity tri city in his arrangements arrangements there were clo cio clocks lis ils at the station w which aich apt kept fim tim time e with each oth other car and which were furnished with a light disc of cyphers in place of bands having twenty different signs towards their circumference at the moment the proper sign on the disc passed before the index at one station the spark was wag discharged and the electrometer placed at the other oth e r discharged disch arged and caused the signs on the disc at the other to be noted the tel tei telegraph is stated stater to have extended to hammersmith ei eight ht miles and to have used the disc discharge haige halge of a gas as pistol as an alarm 1825 1835 mr barlow of greenwich england t made an attempt to put a galvanic telegraph in operation but was baffled by the diminution of the fluid when he endeavored to transmit it for a great distance so as to produce mechanical effects this difficulty the discoveries co of henry however afterward overcame in the same year mr bit sturgeon of england constructed the electromagnet electro magnet by coiling a copper wire round a piece of iron of a horbe horse shoe form the bent turns of the wire being so far apart asto as to prevent contact he found that when the electric fluid passed through this coil the enclosed iron became a magnet and was again dema de ma magnetised magnetized 9 in breaking the current the wires were afterwards coated with conducting non substances and wrapped around the iron in close contact as we now see them mr harrison gray dyar erected a telegraph on long island in new york he abed used frictional electricity and dyed marks on chemically prep prepared arvd paper by the passage of sparks 1831 professor joseph henry of princeton college discovered a method of forming magnets af f intensity and quantity produced from correspondent batteries and by vy the use of which with relay lelay magnets etc prepared by him be he made known the practicability of producing mechanical effects at a great distance say 1000 to 2000 miles 1832 baron schilling of st petersburg contrived a deflective magnetic telegraph 3 which had bad an alarm bell connected with it 1833 gauss and webber first constructed the he simplified electromagnetic electro magnetic telegraph it was gauss who first employed the incitement i alt ait ement of induct induction ion ign and demonstrated that the appropriate of or a limited number of signs is all thatis required for the transmission of com communications webber discovered that a copper wite wits feet long which lie he carried over the houses honses and church steeples of gottin bottin gen from the observatory to the cabinet of natural philosophy required no special insulation su this was an important polut point of discovery in the construction of telegraph lines and is made available to the present time 1837 constructed and put in use between munich and bogenhausen bodenhausen Bogen hausen in the july of this year his registered electromagnetic electro magnetic telegraph by the deflection of a needle he produced dots or short marks on fillets of paper to stand as signals for letters etc the paper being drawn forward by clock work in an endless 8 slip lip or ribbon 0 on the of june of this same year the deflective electromagnetic electro magnetic telegraph of cook of wheatstone was ivaa patented in england they hirst first employed receiving a and i nd relay magnets in the october following samuel F B morse of new york entered his first caveat for an american electromagnetic electro magnetic telegraph in which he chiefly relied on a kind of type and port making signals by the mechanical force of electromagnetic electro magnetic motion morse claimed that he first thought of a magnetic telegraph on his passage to the united states spates in the brig sally in the year 1832 1838 edward davy of london had bad his patent sealed for a chemical telegraph which abich was enrolled january 4 1839 in this plan he employed chemically prepared paper similar in its ita general character to that used on the instrument ment of bain 1846 1840 alexander bain obtained his english patent for his improved electro chemical telegraph and got his american patent 1850 1847 royal royl E house of new york ob bained in conjunction with mr brett a patent for the their ir ingenious and valuable printing electric telegraph 1848 and barnes of cincinnati invented a modification for the electromagnetic telegraph by combining fixed magnets with the use of electro magnets 1849 monday 28 ath th of january jannary the memorial of horatio hubbell of philadelphia in which he was joined by john H sherburne was presented to congress praying for aid in 11 constructing a telegraphic communication across the atlantic ocean setting betting forth the existence of a table land plateau on soundings between newfoundland and ireland upon which the said telegraph could be constructed and entering into other details in order to carry out the project it being the first devised and first published plan ever made to carry carr y a telegraph gap across the ocean mr air horn of new york invented his igniting telegraph which made dots and lines linca by burning them thel on slips of f revolving paper by the heat of the electric fluid while passing about the same time mr johnson of new york contrived a machine worked by electromagnetism to let that drop on to slips of paper which being prepared at the same moment for visible marks which stood as signs for letters also about the tho same sama time mr air daniel davis of boston prepared ah ail axial telegraph which with that of horn and johnson does not seem to have met with much attention 1855 mr air hughees obtained his patent for his ingenious and admira admirably bly combined printing telegraph which is destined to effect a revolution in all the existing systems its superiority superiority consists in its working e reliably on a larger arger circuit than any ins instrument truine nt previously invented not only does it transmit messages with greater rapidity but it has the advantage of receiving and transmitting simultaneously simultaneous ly on a circuit of at least miles performing the work of two ordinary wires on one it is also less liable to interruption interrupt lor from atmospheric electricity the total length of telegraph lines in 1858 so far as was ascertained was wash of which there was in america in england france germany and austria an 10 prussia the rest of europe india australia 2000 other parts of the world the number of messages passing over all lines in the united states is estimated at about per annum until the year 1850 the submarine cable was practically unknown in this year the first submarine cable was laid from dover england L to calais france the cable mas was twe twenty nty four miles long and has since been in operation with one interruption with complete success since that period miida miles of submarine cable have been laid in twenty seven dif different lines the two longest of which are across the gulf of st lawrence Li wrence in 1856 74 miles anile between varpa Varna and balaklava across the black sea in 1855 miles |