| Show flom yom pom the liverpool Ll Albio albione nJ discovery ando anac Colonization and 01 of AM america erica i the following tal fal lowing interesting article is ab abridged from an address delivered by the hon lion eds edt ward everett before the new york historical society ila iia feln fla the last quarter cf of the fifteenth century an italian mariner a citizen of the little republic of jenoa genoa who ho had hither it r to gained a livelihood as a pilot in the tho commercial marine of or different countries made bh big appearance successively at i arious various courts in the south and arid wen wea wet of europe solicit ng patronage and aid for a bold and novel project in navigation the state of the times in ome degree favorable to the adventure the guese gueso had for half a century been pushing their discoveries southward upon the coast of africa end and nd they had bud ventured vent urel into the atlantic Am tic as far as the azores several conspiring causes and especially ally the ilia invention of the tile art of prin hg had produced a general revival of intelligence the tie idea of reaching the east by a voyage around the african continent had begun began to assume c consistency 0 isis tency but the vastly moie more significant idea ide a that the earth is a globe and arid capable of bein being cir cum navigated had by no means become acor ir cor borated po rated into the general intelligence of the age the portuguese se navigators felt feit themselves safe bt at they crept along the he african coast venturi ren reh venturing turing rg ea eacil eh voyage a few lea iea leanes leagues mes nes farther doubling a new hea headland land ascending some beffie unexplored river holding a palaver with some new tribe of the native race raced but to turn the prows of their vessels boldly lo 10 the west to 0 o embark upon an ocean not known in the popular geography of the day to have an outer shore to pass that bourne from which no traveler had ever rett returned and arid from which exper experience i had not aught taught that any traveler could return arid and thus to 0 o reach the east by sailing tailing iu in a western direction this was a con coll caption which no ro human being is known to have formed before columbu columbus and aud which he proposed pio nio posed to the he governments of italy of spain of portugal and of england and for a long time without success after years of fruitless and heartsick solicitation after offering in effect lo 10 this monarch and arid to that monarch tile the gift of a hemisphere the great discoverer touches upon a partial suc Buc ces his sorrowful perseverance touched the heart beart of a noble princess worthy the fhe throne wh ad the new world wilch was just escaping the subtle hing king craft of ferdinand was saved to spain by the tile womanly compassion of isabella three small vessel vessels one of which was without a deck and neither of them probably exceeding 1 the ti ae capacity of a pilot boat and aud even these impressed into the public service composed the expedition fitted out under royal patro patronage naze to real reals reels za hat that magnificent aoh in of Colum columbus hus hat hal planted ille file germs ofa ofa lewt ley world no chapter of romance equals the lil iii it dorest of this expedition the most fascinating of the hie works of fiction which have issued from the modern press have to my taste no attraction compared with the pages paces in which tha first v voyage of col Coi columbus umbus is is described by robertson ard still more ayour by our own I 1 v ag ig and aud P Pits fscott cott colt the last two ovo I 1 oer the ilip great scottish h historian Listor ian iau of possessing the lately covered discovered ds journals and letters of columbus himself tile the departure from palos pilos where a few years before he had begged a of bread and a cup of water for his child his final farewell to the old worl dat the canaries his in enhance tiance upon the trade winds wind which then for the fint lint time filled a european europ an sail the variation of the needle never before observed the fearful tearful course westward and west wahl day after day I 1 and ni bt after afier ti g ghi ohi over the unknown oc ocean eail earl the mutinous and ill appeased crew at I 1 length e il tb when hope ind had turned to despair in every I 1 heart ig ear t but gnp me be betokens tokens of land the cloud banks on the western herzon the thee logs ings of drifted wood the fr fresh esh tin L fit ab floating with its leaves and berries the abe flocks of land bird tile the shoals of gih aih ahat inhabit shallow water ir indescribable describable smell of the bhore shore the mysterious presentiment that ever goes before a great event and fen fin finally aliv oil on that ever memorable it of the of Oe ober 1492 the tho moving light seen by the sleepless eye of the I 1 great discoverer I 1 itself from the deck of the he santa sinta maria and in the morning ahe he real undoubted land swelling up foin poin the bos boam m of the deep with its plains and hills and arid for forests forrs ats ts and rocks and stream streams and arid strange new races of men these are re incidents in which the authentic history bistor y of th tila tile 5 discovery of our continent excels I 1 lie lies specious I 1 wonders of or ro narce ce as much a gol got gold exis thisel tinsel ar er tile the sun in the tile heavens outshines out shines the flickering taper before he be sailed from spain columbus was furj with a n pice of parchment ment afoot a foot toot and arid a I 1 hait halt square by ferdinand and isabell Js abelli ceat dealing liy iii 1 him their viceroy and high agh admiral in all tile tiie tl saas seas island and und continents which he should discover his heirs for ever to enjoy the same offices the ne viceroy of the absolute non of aragon r and castile castiles Casti castl iel lel thus wh wa america Ar conquered before it was discovered by tiie uie law of nations nat natio ionas lonas uz as then understood and I 1 fear there is less change la in its doctrin doctrines eg at the present day than we are ara ready lo 10 think a sovereign right to the territory and d government of all newly discovered regiel re regions giol inhabited by heathen tribe was believed beli bell eved aved to vest to ta the christian prince under whose auspices the th dac dae discovery overy was wag inada subject to the ratification of the pope as the of the kingdom of the earth on the return of columbus from tas taa first Yo lovae boyage vae the king of 0 spain lost no time in obtaining from aror n pope alexander alexinder the sixth a grant 1 all the tho heathen land laudo discover discovered od by Colum columbus bus buo or which might hereafter be discovered in the th WM f the extension of P and spain which resulted freni froni the discovery of vv wms followed by the ibe most roost extraordinary t extraordinary birc eds cis cig ion uon bon thes them th eora corn cora the and the ut of ahme tho tvr twy two coun coant ants nF and through yick I 1 thoa thia s af tea tha tab 2 tha F traia ta is the est east was abandoned tie tle tile tio whole of south Ai america abid arid a considerable part a t of north america were in he file course of I 1 be a sixteenth century settled by those governments who organized in their possessions a colonial system of the most rigid ali all and despotic cha character chara recter cler reflecting as far as was practicable in distant provinces beyond the sea the stern fed features tures of the tile mother country the precious s metals and a monopoly of the trade to the east t were the great objects aliens were forbidden to enter the american vice royalties none but a contraband cont trade was carried on by foreigners at the seaport seaports if hh great territorial ex extension exfer exler sion slon was fruitless of beneficial consequences to america it was not less so to the mother country for spain it was as the commencement of 0 a period not ot prosperity pio plo but of decline the rapid influx I 1 of tto tte metals in the absence of civil liberty and arid of just principles and institutions of intercourse and ana industry atis productive of manifold evils and from the tiie reign of or phllip philip 11 II if not of ccarles Ct arles V the S spanish pani panl ish monarchy began to sink from its haughty position at the he head of the european family I 1 do not ascribe this tilis downfall exclusively to the cause mentioned but the pcs possession session of the two indies I 1 with all their treasures did nothing to 0 o arrest accelerated even the tire progress of degeneracy active cause of decline no doubt exit exi t ed at home aud and of these the inquisition was the chief ch ef but let us pass on to the next century during curing which ev events eilts of the utmost consequence followed each other in rapid succession ion lon and the germs germ of institutions destined to if 11 flu lice ilce tle the fortunes of christendom were planted by humble men who little comprehended their own work in the course of the se seventeenth entee nth century the french and english took possession of all that parr part of north A america T erica which was not pre occupied by the S spaniards P a ads the fierch entered by the st lawrence followed that noble artery to the hearl heart of the continent traced the creat great cn enat at lakes to their parent rivo rivulets lets and fountains dese descended ended the mis mississippi ippi tile the ef stretched f the coast the g geographer applier would have pronounced that the Fe french richin in appropriating to themselves the mighty basins of the mississippi and tiia tho st laurei CP had got pos pcs possession session of the better belter part of the continent coni nent but it was en attempt to compose the second volume of tile he fortunes of ameika in advance of tile the first this it was ordained should be written at jamestown and ard plymouth the french excelling all other nations of the wa world rid in the art of communicating 11 for temporary purposes with savage fritieus tri fri tips ties seem still more than the spaniards to be destitute of the august skill required to found new st states slates ates I 1 do ilot not know that there is such a thing in ill the file world as a colony of france growing up into a prosperous commonwealth A half a million of french peasants in lower canada tenaciously adhering to tiie tile he minners irs and customs which their fathers from normandy two centuries ago and a third part pirt of that number of planters ot of french descent in in louisiana Louis Loul iaLa lala are all that is left ter to bear living witness to the he amazing fact hat bat nota century ago france was the mistress of the better belter liali of north america it was on the atlantic coast and in the colonies originally planted or soon acquired by england that the creat great work of the seventeenth century was wah performed aloi slowly ly f A mighty forAme for america liea ilea and arid mankind of which even we fond and arid proud of it as we are do but faintly guess the feeble germs of se sal sAi tl lement ement grew to tile the consi tency of powerful colonies habits of civil government rooted themselves in in a soil th tint it was being by political agitation lle ile lie the frame of future republics ic 9 knit itself as as it were in embryo under a monarchical system of or rule ld and in ill the of the ei eighteenth century the approach up of mighty changes began to be dimly foreseen by gifted spirits A friot streak of purple light blushed alborg the sky two thug thino worth mentioning con tri trl tributes buted to thib this result one was the absence of tile hie precious meta metals the british colonies were rich in in the want of gold As I 1 the be abundance of gold and silver in mexico and peru contributed in various ways wass to obstruct tile the p asperity pios penty rity of the Spa spanish naish raish colonies tile the want of them acted not less favourably favour ably here the other cheum stance which operated il in the mot moat favorable manner upon the growth of the anglo american colonies was tile the fact that they were called into exist existence ence less by the tile government than by the beope that they thes were settled not by y bodies of colonists but bud by b Y individual emigrant the first settlement ett ott lement that hat of virgina mas was commenced in the spirit of worldly enterprise with no slight dash how bow hower however bower er of chivalry and romance oil oll the part of its leader in the next generation this colony became the favourite resort of the loyal cavalier cava liei sand gentlemen who were disautel by the au of the en english lish commonwealth or fell ulder under its suspicion in aile the meantime new edgland england ErI erl giand rland was founded by those who suffered the penalties of nou tion cou for forin mity ity the mighty change of 1640 stopped the tlde tide of emigration to new england but requited virgnia youl M those who were d disaffected affected 0 to o cromwell in 1624 the island of manhattan was purchased of the ii deans indians for twenty four dollars a sim surn of money by the nav way nay which seems rathar low ion for twenty two iwo thousand acres of land including the site of this great s but which would if put out at compound interest at seven per peer cent in 1621 bot perhaps fall so very much short bho eho t of even of itz it present value though I 1 admit that a dollar for 1000 acres is quite cheap for choke choice spots on the ath avenue avei aver ue carlard Mar land lard next attracted those who adhered to the ancient faith falth fai fui ih of the th christian world new nei w jery irwy irgy abd and were mainly twirled by persecuted quakers hut but the latter offer ed za s asylum to the germans the sword of lorli siy SIV broto from he a paia pala luau iuah the fierch huguenots Huguen driven drive out by the revocation of the edict of nantes scattered th ems elvea from massachusetts to carolina the dutch and aad swedish settlements op on the hudson and the tile del dei delaware aware provided a kindled home hoire for such of heir countryman as decked to try the new world the tile whigs of england who rebelled against jarne II 11 in 1685 ana were sent to the tile colonies lived long enough to treat n eat ert jil jn exile exlie the fhe adherents of hl his hig son who re holled against george 1 I jn n 1715 tile the oppressed oppi essed protestants te of salzburg came with oglethorpe to georgia and file hie who fouant for charles edward ia in 1745 were deported depoi depol ted by liun deeds to 0 o north Caru canu carolina liria the revolt of the colonies in 1775 the declaration of independence in 1776 tile llie battles of the war the th I 1 alliance with fiance france the acknowledgment of american Amei amel ican Ir dependence by ilia the treaty of 1783 the establishment of a great federative republic the illustrious career of lafayette La fayette rayette the european regulation of Frank linand the lowering towering character of agton gave to the united states a great and brilliant name in the of or thousands in every part of europe then probably heard of america with any distinct im lin reans res ns for the first time and they now hourd hf bid of or it a a region realizing it e wildest visions hundreds in every walk of if life bigan to resort to america and especially ardent young oun men met who were wele dis dissatisfied atis ed with the political condition of europe ainora these was your late venerable pi eident evident albert gallatin Ga one of the most eminent men of the last generation who came come to ilik thi country before lie attained lis Hs ils majority and the late celebrated sir Is arobert brunel the architect of the thames tunnel before more the tho roubion R fusion the great west was wag shat that even eien to the subject i of england A royal p proclamation rocta rocla |
