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Show l.ti Church Department 1935. THE DESERET NEWS, SATURDAY, OCTOBER Church Department Joseph Smith as a Translator it .Compiled For the Church Historian From Author , itative Sources BY R, C. WEBB XU THE HYPOCEPHALUS AND ITS CAPTIONS I. ITU the brief account already given of the Hypocephalu. eoiw ty aidered as a typo of document, or more cor recti y, wo may suppose as 4 Ulismanio chart of problematical signi'icauco, we are preview to with pared to attempt interpreting it figure-elemediscovering how far the traditional caption accompanying them may Iw explained or defended. lu order to illustrate matters emerging in our examination, we have included plates of several specimens of Hypocephafus, which have been figured and discussed by authorities whom we have quoted already. This is highly desirable; for, although most known specimens agree in showing the- - typical figures apparent also in our Facsimile, No. 2," there are interesting variations, which assist, to some extent, in determination of possible, or probable, ancient significances. Thus, While we must recognize, undoubtedly, that the total cjocl of mailers related to tho of the Hypocephalus is. the selUng-lor- tb salvation of the dead, probably in some sense similar to the Hook of tho Dead, and. other funerary hooks, there are, undoubtedly, astronomical or astrological meanings involved inj several of the figand ures.- Nor is this strange, in view of the fact that sun-lo- re star-lo- re are related Vintimalely to the origins iof the distinctively theological concepts of the, anoient Egyptians. In several specim'ens Shown herewith," for example,, there is an additional scene, repreand the Moon-bo- at; senting apparently, the conjunction of the Sun-bo- at an astronomical occurrence with a probably mystical signifi-fahc- e. This is described by Prof. Birch, thus; The boat of the sun meets another, having in front a drapery, naked, holding a flower to on which is seated Harpoerates IHor-- pl the right hand and a whip in the left; in the center of the boat ia an' ark, in which ia a cynocephalus of Thoth, wearing at lunar disk, seated facing to the left; another cynocephalus is seated in front of f the ark offering a symbolic eye." As explained by M. Horrack, another authority, this cynocephalus n the ack is one of the several symbols of the UUa (commonly represented by the sacred symbolic eye), and ia also a representative, when he figures (he of the or alternate, of the we recognise both In the Sun-bo- at In ' the capacity of Moon-goDor us and Ha by thoir distinctive signs, also two goddesses Isia and Nebhat, in one case, and Halhor and Moat, in another. In addition to several other figures possibly representatives of the glorified dead with no distinctive insignia. What this elaborate composition may indicate we have no means for determining. es As we shall find In out detailed, examination! of the several toy offered the explanation in included the Hopocephalus. the Egyptologists who have examined them, depart frequently from end astronomical, and association, or emphasizp funerary, religious, even physical connotations. Furthermore, as is scarcely remarkable, we shall find disagreements similar to those noted already, particularly on the precise identities of some of theInfigures, end virtually the present connecalways ia regard tojbe special significances established aa the so principles of Egyptological long tion, In .fact, knowledge are observed, there seems to be a very wide range, within which Intelligible accounts may be proposed and defended. That the Captions before us,1 in connection . with "Facsimile, No. 2, deal almost entirely with physical and astronomical matters, except where God is represented, obviously and unmistakably, may be said to be an argument in favor of their consistency, at least, if not of their claim to derivation .from a basis of adequate information ,ln the proffered regard to them. In a few connections, as we shall see, occur to would that from different any are strikingly explanations literature. or writing an observer uninstructed in Egyptian language, , These are defensible, or, at least, explainable, and to call .of mere guesswork scarcely detracts front the interest with . Which one must consider them. we Beginning with No, I, the central figure of the entire group, find that it corresponds in position and general features with the sealed figure shown In other The usual, indeed, the typical, representation shows a figure vested on the ground, eitber with Us knees spread apart (as if the body were facing the beholder), or else, a ' double figure (showing two In lieu bodies seated n t a head, either huma.n or otherwise. he common shoulders of the ' . double figure seem to be sur-. mounted by fqur heads, evidently them a crown, twiHj" ticiuui). combined la the of rams, and ; the way from the literal and commonplace, to the profundities of mysticism. In this connection, we may quote, aa follows; The double god who personified the rising and the setting sun." -- Prof. Petrie (Abyda Voi. I). i l H t - ! ' to either side. Upon each of the knees of this figure stand composite sceptre, combining tho signs of strength" (war), "lire"' (ankh) and stability" (last). Tha figure thus described is peculiar to the hypocephalus, being found nowhere beside, although Champollion gave it a place among his representations of the gods of Egypt According to general agreement, it seem to represent Amen, whose four rams heads may Indicate that be la the possessor of four souls (bon), although what my b the meaning , involved is obscure. , Borne writers CANDID EXAMINATION OP BIS CLAIMS TO HAPS TRANSLATED "I ANCIENT EGYPTIAN WRITINGS, MADS IN TBS LIGHT OP TBS BEST AVAILABLE KNOWLEDGE OP TBS PRESENT DAT, I Translator Joseph Smithes iCnusMl Proa Pace Bw) J tending i THE DESERET NEWS, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1935,, f:,M lEAlpGIGl One sees an upright god, with two human heads." four arms and four )egs, crowned with the diadem of Amon. It ia the d going from the east to the west, end looking toward the south and the north; the heeds of tho Opmatesum, gods protectors of the sooth and north coming forth from hi shoulders."- - Dr. W. Pleyte (Cbapi-tfSun-go- It RGB MRR1L ROY ROTE: Brother okorga Merrin Roy. moand counselor to Hteke Reg. nwiUtln German IS. Kllawertk is the Maricopa Stake Genealogical committee, and assistant recorder la the Artec na Temple, epeat tha month of August with a 'group of about It other reaearchers from tha Arlaoaa dlatrlot In doing genealogical re e arch in tha library of our society, special permission holes given them to traoa la tha tlbrary tinea other than their owa of than residing In tha Arlaoaa temple dis1IY GKO a nt, trict ugyiiATM ibis-hea- god-Thot- d), d? pie-lur- ymm-prod-vi- - hypo-e'eph- baek-to-bec- - ,, piuUi. j 4 ali. k). n..v and the royal IjJraei, or vipers, ex T BriM So. HypowphahM, 1, SlanmMd the l j by Trot. eroorn paunjtng text. mentioned Si soul of the world, lieve suggested that as the he embodies the sources and powers of the four elements" (I. e, earth, air, fire, water); but except in a picturesque, and highly figurative sense, we seem tp see hereto great enlightenment. Particularly is this true, when, as in the case of our No. 2, also, as described, in a hypocephalus In Paris, two heads (or faces) seem to be shown, instead of the usual four. Aa we may see, also, two of the bypo- -cenhaii (British I. and Paria) shown herewith, have this central flaure crouching, with e knee on only one side (although with four beads, as is usual); also, in both cases, tha sceptre shows only the c sign of power " without the other two, as indicated above, This central figure, whatever other variations may be noted, seems to be accompanied regularly by two, or more, cynooephali, with their . hands raised in tho attitude of praise, or adoration, end their heads surmounted with the lunar disc and horns. The commonest arrangement seems (o be to show only two such worshippers (thus leaving apace for several lines of inscription behind each of them), In several cases, however, the panels for Inscriptions are omitted, and their spaces filled with additional cynocophall two, four, and, in one example six. In most examples, also, these figures wear the lunar diso upon their heads, thus strongly suggesting their relationship In'ono case (Paris) to Thoth, in the character of the Moon-go- d. showing eight such figures, this headpiece Is absent on ell ot them, but appears on the head of the central figure, who also lacks the .. conventional elaborate crown. of to no clues if ere the any, there meanings, Unfortunately, . these variations; and so we might add, even to the identities and significances of the rampant cynoeephali themselves. Several authorities, however, sewn inclined to Identify them with the cynoeephali shown,' to illustrations to the Book of the Dead, climbing into the air, to greet the rising sun. Thus,, in commenting on a Hypocephalus, showing two such figures, as in the present case. Prof. Petrie (Aliydos, T I) writes; VoL 4 Two small apes, the final degradation of the eight adoring cynoeephali (shown often in pictures representing the rising run) may be noticed. These represent the four primeval pairs of gods of chaos, Whose names are Nun and Nunt (moisture), Hehut (air), Kekui end Kekutt (darkness), Gereh and Gereht (rest); being called collectively Khomemi. , Tha variations in these curious names Indicate that these openers of the eastern portals of heaven, aa Dr. Budge terms them, ere to be regarded as severally meted; since the suffix, t," indicates in each second name (he feminine counterpart of the accompanying name seeming to be masculine, i r The proposed identification with the Khemenu may be attributed to the same kind of associations, which, as we have seen al ready, iaay be said to explain other identifications proposed by Egjp-(Coatlnued On Togo Threw) j t, r f It- 11 A such, be receive aun, under the --name of Amon-R- a, qualifications attributed to the two deities and represent (according , to the lata M. Deveria) the unseen and mysterious principle of Anion and the visible and brilliant power of Ra combined, Dr, P. D. de j Horrack (Proceeding Soe. BiW, Arch, VoL VI). "Rammon-R- a, with two human heads, meant probably to represent both the invisible and mysterious principle of Ammon, and the visible or luminous principle of Ha, the un;i or else tiie double and simultaneous principle of father and son, vhich characterizes divinity in the religion of Egypt. Dr. T, Deveria (commenting on Facsimile, No. 2, in theibook under discussion). . Although, as may he understood, any one of the accounts of this figure, or even all of them, may bev defended EgyptologicaHy, there are other consideratpns, either involved, or else applicable, which seem to have missed consideration. Thus, s any ope may note, this figure seems totie walking or when two figures are shown, they sewn to be walking in step. Since, as may be indicated by he two faces shown, even where body and limbs appear as single, the intention seems to be to Introduce the idea of doubling. Or even of a ka, in the usual sense, there may be a great question, whether it is proceeding from the east to the west, or whether the intention is to convey the Idea that it is walking with his ka other' t , wise, that it is living, Tills figure carries in the band to the right a sort of staff, which is surmounted by a bracket, or support, bolding the figure of some animat, perhaps the nearly ubiurtous jackal. fThis may he intended of the dead, or find its to represent Anubis, the in pictorial paronomasia, through which the name for jackal (sh) stands for the identically spelled word for judgment; thus conveying some such idea as that of right, etc. ' In iregard to the shoulder ornaments, which Dr. Pleyte Seeks to ot the south and of the Wenlif ji with the Apnmlennu, north, we may indicate that it is not wholly inadmissable to hold that they are symbols whose use n$ significance are parallel to the symbolic sceptre to be seen upon, or between, the knees of the seated figure,' Fig. 1, already discussed. We "may note, in addition, that, in all situations showing Amon in other aspects, there is shown the sceptre of authority; a staff carrying what might be interpreted as a tvyig, or the beginning of a crotch, to signify ws, or war, power. A staff with the head like that to toe seen on the Apma-trnhas the seme significance. But. as may toe seen on the Leyden hypocephalus, as well as on British, No. II. there arq below these seeming faces, other figures extending outward, which approximate nothing more closely than- the conventional fealhey, or plume, with tho meaning (ideographically indicated), truth," or right t Undoubtedly, it would toe entirely essential to avoid too great reliance upon possible, or even probable, indications of symbolism," particularly in dealing with figures obviously, hr even intentionally, ef obscure meaning. We must consider the fact, however, that such even those .involving evident play on word are con- indications J side-by-si- tor , gods-protoct- , nu - it - Brother Boy Is a recent convert to tbs Cbttroh. Ills past expertises Includes that of being a minister for poms time for ana ot tho Other churches, a career la (ha army, baptism Into the Church. 4 valuable period ot service on the Goa Angeles stake genealogical committee, during which period ha did considerable research In the Gas Angelos Genealogical library. end now hie service on the stake coirimlttoa of Maricopa Slake end In the Arisons temple, U tied the privilege of vleltln many of the largest genealogical liestimate braries In America and pta our own of the sources available in library In Walt Bake City ofand the theao use which can be made sources in solving actual geilualog-- ileal problems will he meet 0 tercet tug to our readers ed Budge, mod eelved a blessing and gave bis father's name as pater. Motb were of the lineage of Ephraim. The wife of William Cameron wan, according to tha pedigree, Jane Prances dnt. Bbe, too, received a b loosing on tha anna Bay as her huabaad, giving her birth as at July, 12 New Brunswick, Queensborough, and her parents a a John Idnt and IfTTTJZma SOUBCB MATERIAL M du Ltvre den Marts). is Amon, the supreme god of Thebes, identified with Rs, the Supplemental-te- , BE value of the source mater- - lai and the earlier Church rectba ords available In the library af area Oeaealorlcal Society of I'tsli demonstrated during abundantly the several week recently spent by the writer to the new, apacleue duarters of the eoclety' In Sait City. The library, ttsflf houses one of the finest collections ef early source material to h found In tho west. In addition to its In rue number of complied family genealogies. But. added to these Items, and forming a priceless to tho regular1 genealogical works, la tho extensive card index to the Nauvoo baptism and to the first 4 volumes of patriarchal blessings which cover the early years of Church history and that period ao often "found difficult to connect up In tracing back early . Church fumtlles. These, with the Church genealogical archive, properly form the basis and starting point for all genealogical research. A splendid example pt what can be accomplished Is furnished by the pedigree of Brother Allen Cameron, an associate of the writer and first founselor to make Rcpresen stive German B. Ellsworth of the Maricopa slake. Dealring to do some work for Brother Cameron, but not possessing a copy of his pedigree chart to work from. I first consulted the Genealogical Archive. Hero It was found that a relative had filed a pedigree of "the Cameron family which eonalst-e- d of one page not quite tilled. , The grandfather on the palrler. cha lino waa named aa "William -Cameron of 8t. Johns, New Brunswick, horn In August! lZS, Refer- -' enro to the Nauvoo baptisms yield-- ,, ed nothing, but In the Index to Patriarehal Blessings It was found that William Cameron, born 24 Aug., 1128, at St. Johns, New . Brunswick, received ja blessing at the hands of Hyrum smith, and his , parents were given as Peter Cam- eron and Mary. It waa further dis- also re- covered that Peter Cajmeron any-sho- re ad-ftb- icl 1 Elisabeth, agreeing with the pedl- The grandfather ef Brother Cameron's mother was given aa Gideon Allen ot Litchfield, Connecticut, born 2 Nov. UTS, and married to Rachel Hand. Rachel'a pvmagO Waa not stated, but. aides Hind was an ina name nswwaato theda.writer, The Vauv oo to vestigationware consulted first. It baptisms waa revealed that Rachel Allen wae baptised in 142 for her grand ;th-e- r, Stephen Hand, and for Colly and Kamuct Hand, cousin a. (In the hot earlier baptisms, proxies were own restricted to bapilama for their mix.) A Marcia Allen w ss osnuncle for Guy and Loren Hand, and Reuben and Btophan Hand, granduncle. Lucy Foote waa baptised for Cyrene end Cyrus Hand, cousins, and Rhode Hand, grandmother, Timothy It Foote was baptised for Elina and Stephen Hand, granduncles, and Hyrum Hand. un rle. Reuben Foote wan baptised for hie grandfather. Timothy Hand. Here, apparently, were two or three regenerationstoof Honda but their the each other, and unlationship father of Rachel, nUI were known. .The next logical step was to con-su- it the card catalog for any reference to the gamlly of Hand, Two references were found Indication were that checked. and the family settled first on long Inland and subsequently removed to Litchfield, Connecticut. Carefully searching through vital etatwtice. thn Digest of Probate Rt'trta and nomr mMlawem tan records, the family wae Raced Ceoueh five who liaod to John generation came to Bast HamptYA long is- at. ItAshford. from England. land, After the family groups had been assembled front the ecottered tearrs material, they wer eomnerad wlh a published record of the family found la the New England Register. Rachel a family waa found Vo e Cyrus, Rhoda, Jtarhet who married Glrtion Allen, Btephen, 'Guy. Hiram Tryphena, Be rah and Levin. Her parents were Tim- Bradley. othy Hand and Rhoda Timothy's family waa Rebecca, Rachel. Timothy, Timothy, Elina and Nabby, Thus the found among the Nauvoo baptiemh were Identified and Ihei pedigree was extended. Working thus In the early Church record and other more reliable source material, forty new ancestors were found tor Brother Cam- eron. together with complete family groups numbering In all nearly 0 names, To Be Continued.) pub-Hah- ed GcsteviU Zrltsrhrift der Znntralntelle fur Nlederaaechalacho Famillengewh-cht- e. Germany. Hamburg, Pub, for Genealogical society Ham- burg.) Vol. if, 1124. BiblioFamlllengnarhlehtltcha Bibliography or reference graphic, book to German family kbtorttx). Edited by Frledrie Weckea and Johannes Hohlfeld. Band 1. HS1-ltt- t. MUteUnnger. Pub. of fuer Deutsche, Peraonen-tto- d FsmlUengeeehlohta In Lelpaig. llo 1 -- aM j h GERMAN 11 consistent in meanings, variously Spifuous hypocephali; also, tht , expressed, may be deried by attention to them. Accordingj to We opinions of the Egyptologists Just quoted, this Fig 2 Indicates another aspect of deity, or creation, than that of Tig 1, This is certainly Involved in the statement that it represents th4 unseen and mysterious," In combination with the visible and bnl-Ha- st; or, a we nfiay assume, the visible manifestation of a more remote Invisible, Considering this, either with or without the further a very symbolisms, which we have Indicated, we cannot- - fail to see riadi-lional the of rin the description, Close approximation to consistency the next grand governing creation (following Fig. U caption , . near to; the celestial . . , holding the key of power No. II. and e It Caption, Week,-ThHypocephalus .Next J -- 0 J |
