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Show '"...,,mit 1 .. , ' 1 i, i i THE WEATHER f .. tt - ,, (See details on page i DI - - Salt Lake CityMostly clear. UtahMostly clear. . s - . , La 41 A ottit 4) o-- T lit' t.1 te: A 7 .,, ; VOL. 346 No. 28 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH THE 3 Probes Start Into New York Layoffs Grow A-L- Steel Strike fin ab Explosion EM TUESDAY, , , ' I r .... ' ts' ' ' I tt 4- 4, tt, 0,4 ',i- , 1 ' s ,, , . .,: ,. ' ti .7-- - 4 , - ' - , 1 '' , 0 ,,....- , Ili :,,:.., ,, five-year- ,..,.. I. ' . .4, r Illet-- i , ' ' tt ,,,,..... ' . ' wialmtWollmemmitssebit tr ' .' ,' ' .1 ' o, ;. - ,s, - ,",r,' , , : - '''f ' r -- Lk ,' ' 4' 4.. , , ' 0, .4, - 4. '' ' ' .. , ' 'r ' , , :7: 4 t...0, di. , - , , ., .t ,r. '. , .' - q' 1 le "I - - mo1'1-l- i nit-kel- ." - - - l . , - i f .... Restart Urged On Yisarmin ....,,,' ,v,. ,,' i ' VO . ., , 3 - 1 , ' I ' .'t-- ,' ,t , '' I - . e',I., , ,--. . ', . 4.4 ' 41r 3:'; .4 , 'Phony' 1 '''',. .: i ' ,,,, :if,' P. , , WASHINGTON (UP) ,;-- Editorial moment; rage f - . ,t , .., t - - ' 1 7 ' ;; e- . ;,,, - : - , IOW ,.(oP 1, imam vilak , into7iiii7dtitTI,Cifdth77-;:'- Testifying before senators vestigating air power, Wilson specifically named Sen. Henry M. Jackson as one Appeai On Dams In Idaho who owes him an apology. Jackson has been one of the sharpest critics of the administration's defense policies and WASHINGTON (UP) The helped push through a $900 mil- - Circuit Court of TuesAppeals lion increase In Air For funds that Wilson had labeled as day rejected a plea that it tern. porarily prevent the Idaho "phony." Power Co. from exercising its 'Misunderstood' The secretary. who said he lieenses to build three dams in was "misunderstood" or "partly Hells Canyon on the on the "phony" reborder. mark. suggested at the time gon of a single fed- Proponents some that people interested in Lgcreasing defense budget were leral dam for Hells Canyon not interested in raising the asked for the temporary stay taxes to pay the hill. action on their suit for Jackson asked Wilson in cross. pending reversal of the Federal Power examination Tuesday if he feels he "owes an apology to Con- Commission order issuing the licenses. The suit is still pendgress" for his remarks. "I do not," Wilson said in a ing. loud, firm voice. The federal dam group, the 'It would not be out of order National Hells Canyon Assn.,1 for certain senators to apologize sought the stay after the FPC1 to me." "Who do you mean? Jackion and the court refumql to hold' up approval of temporary fiasked. one are of them," Wilson nancing plans proposed by the I"You company. said. The suit based on allegations Wave Of Laughter the ITC action was not in acA gasp followed by a wave of cordance with law, was taken laughter swept through the aid under advisem'ent by the court Supreme Court chamber where in May. There has been TIO inthe hearing was being held. dication when a decision will be Jackson joined in. the laughter. reached. ' Wilson, reading from the : I that a (0111SIOnS Talks I ' p . Grand-Canyo- Hem Top Air Problem ' -- -- , To Seek Cause I Trans-Worl- ., d mile-dee- , , , - - onthe-- ground bob-tha- - l - ' - s para-medic- d A-- BASEBALL , AMERICAN LIABUS On mot xxx 000 xxx rim Detroit .1 Wilson and Lollar; Hoeft and House. 151002x trey Kansas City 401 00x xxx Cleveiand Garcia. Dttenar and Thompson. AtivitrilL and Hariski (11) Chicago . rsix-poi- 1 d 1 1 v , b,' anits - well-trodde- - 4 g CHICAGO (INS) vestigation of the air apace, Safety The party was dropped Into eluding kir traffic regulations Chief Ted Linnert of the Air the canyon to complete the reand control. The crash in AN- Line Pilots Assn. says a pro- cover), of the badly charred re. wna underscores the need for a gram to prevent collisions of mains amidst the wreckage of Airlines Super comprehensive study." planes is the air Industry's the Constellation and to seek the Priest said the investigation "number one problem." will be headed by Rep. Oren I,innert, head of engineering cause of the tragedy in the de. whose group and air safety for the associa- tails of the wreckage. Harris will meet Thursday "to deter- tion, said Monday that visual Ryland perionally flew into p gorge for an mine the action to be taken." flight rules and instrument the examination of the t The congressman emphasized flight rules now in use are there was a need for in- solete," and added they have TWA wreckage and a flight as plc been in effect for "15 to 20 close as feasible to the remains vestigation "of the over-alof the United Airlines DC? a hire which made such an tied. years.' dent possible." Linnert said there have been 'mile away. At 10:30 a.m. (MST) ati fur. He said the subcommittee will "many near misses" between whether the air lanes craft, but declined to estimate ther helicopter action for the are becoming too crowded, with how many during the past year, day was called off, leaving two teams on the river's edge and the consequent danger of more explaining: at the TWA "A study has just been started three collisions if remedial Steps are an site for stay. AU Board Civil overnight not taken. Aeronautics the by were and in no Priest' declared': "The day is which will bring this out." Linnert added that a special danger. coming soon when there will be fatal study It was America's first jet airliners flying above the rommittee is preparing a Eisen-thaU.S. at much greater lipePfls to present to President flight collision of two comrner. at present and this will Jlower, in conjunction with a (gal airliners, and came at a bid for money allocations to time when growing concern was See CRASH on Page meet aviation needs. I - - in- - Russia - fixed-win- In- I i ' air-lif- zona. tie saki: 'This will be an ; $ mile-dee- - U.N. Chief Begins ' : - announced ' , A !only increaae the problem that was Investigation apparently faces us." congressional launched Tuesday into the He added: "What is happening Grand Canyon airlines tragedy to our air space? That is the which took 128 lives. big quetsion and one that must Chairman Percy Priest (13- be answered. The subcommittee Tenn.), of the House Commerce will try to do so." subcommitspecial tee will conduct the inquiry. Priest emphasized that the In- vestigation will not be limited to the apparent collision of the two passenger liners over Ad- - other in Alt Remains Gathered McCauley said all available remains from the TWA wreck.. age were reonvered Monday. morning and hoisted by helicop. ter to the Grand. Canyon Air.. !port where they were trariaaircraft t for ferred to transportation into the term.," porary morgue set up In the National Guard armory. Their statements apparently were based on the finding lot bits of the UAL plane dittinctive silver and blue pant coloring among the TWA i wreckage. McCauley and 12 other men, five of whom were technical engineers for the Civil Aeronau-- ,tics Board, spent the night Otranded in the gorge of the alongilde the TWA wreckage when bell- t copiers were unable tothem out Monday beeaus&,, bad wind eonditions. mid-air.- wAsurNcrox Court Denies in-- 1 ., , Splori::,.P.robo:.:Ppélr.t.s. Committee, an apology. - PI 104 94 George 30 Bryce Canyon Lake (Salt City's maximum, 88; minimum, 51) A41. Capt. Byrd Ryland, command. ' 401 ing the sear ch and body. ' ' recovery team Cocticino McCauley, County A t Justice of Peace, who took charge of the death scene in the Grand Canyon, said: 1 ' "From the evidence that the Ovil Aeronautics Board people , have seen so far. In the TWA wreckage it would indicate that the planes definitely collided!' Ryland said, 'There I poet. tive evidence in the wreckage that. the two,planes hit Nick tion which crashed Saturday in, Grand Canyon. Partial remains of the fuselage are shown at left in a rocky area 1,000 feet down from run of the canyon. (UP Telephoto.) AL fense Secretary Charles E. Wilson refused Tuesday to apologize to the Senate for his recent "phony" remark. Instead, he said certain senators owe him - ,,,' , ; , Utah's hottest and coldest: De- e s , , ,e.tadOW.PP were Ft. Sill, Okla-Bryce Canyon - ' 1 , The nation's hottest and coldest locations for the put 24 houra, to the Salt Lake Weather Bureau ) CRAND CANYON vitr.:4cr: ARIZ. (1.17)An Air Force of. ' ficer and the comner-in-chargsaid Tuesday investigators discovered "positive evidenee that two super-airlinercollided In' flight before they crashed with 1.28 aboard in history's worst commercial aviation toll. The disclosures were made by Shelby McCauley of nag- staff, Ariz., acting coroner, and a i... ,. 4 ; .,,, ' ' ..' ' '.',...,$ , , ' jo, ,.i0e' :, 7 , , ,,f, , r11,411, Atiot , ' ' , s : ; "I', - - 001 , , , ' ) rp, k' , ".4 t','' A 010 fl1 rag Boston transcript of the controversial 500 00x xxx Washington news at conference Doriah be and White: Stone and a ,which start lock makes Sutler, if it fresh 'French proposals and incorpoBy PIERRE J. RUSS and Berberet. to "basic principles" for made the remark, said he was returns the Eisenhower rates "open UN1-- ED 000 Orix xxst N. Y. NATIONS, Baltimore and a Russian pro, international control of arma- - not "sorry" about his '' phony" skies" 030 00x xxx New York inColeman and (INS)Britain called on the posal plan but and about remark Smith; the Wight In "sorry for ground inspection ments. Howard.' U.N. Disarmament Commission on it." we!-placed terpretation teams. The Britih minister 1A110NAL LEAGUE What hehad intended to say Tuesday to make ''a fresh start" moscow (INS)--D- ag HarnSoviet Deputy Foreign Minis- - Icorned Russia's proposals for ' toward control of national arma(Suspended game front May 13). in "offhand a somewhat kind" in R H arwho reduction military manpower, rnarslOold conferred Tuesday ment and nuclear weapons and tet Andrei Gromyko, 010 410 Aol 7 14 0 of remark. he said ' was that any Philadelphia annou its as York Intention New in rived such 000Monday, 0 ' 101 MO -1 to avoid going "over again the See WILSO N On Page A-- - 2, with Soviet Deputy'. Foreign Pittabursti Rogovin. Roberts (If and Lopata; tened carefully as the young to cut its forces by 1,200,000. He Vaasill Minister Kuznetsov and I.H. Swanson (4). Garber (1). ground of discord." British tiw id I, Kane (64 Perim (11) and diplomat opened debate added: "But we ask you to join later visite&President Kliment kravaa. British Minister of State An- in the current resesThe aright Spot disarmament with us in an agreement to Voroshilov as he opened three Philadelphia 030 MO 200- -1 thony Nutting laid before the 12-- sion at U.N. headquarters. Gro- - duce and to control all arma- 000 003 103- -4 I 2 days of talks , with Rutsian Pittsburgh naton commission a I Meier (Si and bunts; (immoral. myko was expected to ask fon ments and armed forces upon a leaders. In Africa? No Zoos, Kula Law. PePOgf declaration of principles by the the floor later to (4.waJonf7. to Nut- - Imultilateral basis. Then all can The UN: secretary general, (7). J. bran. (7) and Sbaphard. four western atomic powers de. ting's statement reply CHICAGO ( INS ) Carr who arrived in Moscow' Mon. Milwaukpo and western feel 'secure in the knowledge O1 Carr isw basis to be of a future the 000 Oita ass signed ;that what is claimed is in fact Hartley, big game hunter day night, is expected to discuss Cincinnati proposals. burtlette---anNuithall and Riau global disarmament treaty. , I from ,NuttiAg. speaking on behalf being carried out. Rumuruti, Kenya Col- Middle East problemrTnd meth- Burgess. -Britain. Frarice and ods of reducing international 31. Louis 00 030 001- -4 Nutting submitted a formal of the. I Then, too, all will benefit ony, Africa, visited Brookfield 7 0 110 10x- -1 I containing tbe declara- - Canada, ro , confidence from a relaxation ifir the bur-- i Zoo. Surprised by the sights, Itension when he meets-- Premier iChIcasto Kill dor040 expressed Konstan13' 104 alt. p?sa tiohi- - which urges disarmament that the disarmament commis- - 'ions. the clangers and the ten-- 1 I be exclaimed: 'Why, I saw anti Smith; Davis. Leers-- ' i Bulganin and Party ,a and C71 . 0111a. , by stages on the basis of A,r,g1n I ic.an break. the arms dead- - I' sions of the arMaments race,". i animals I never knew existed." Shict lylkita lalushchev. , , II. (OW Jowl Kheduled ), ' - , . Quotes From The News Uranium prospector Earl Sheridan after removing the tent , he pitched on a downtown street to stake a claim to mineral rights under the pavement: "I'm through with uranium hunting. Anyway, the Geiger counter- - got weaker and weaker where I pitched my tent? (Story, Page Air Force Capt. Byrd Ryland, on investigation of Grand Canyon air tragedy: "There is positive evidence in the wreckage that the two planes hit each other in midair." iSee story, this page.) - Mike Sonchalt of Grossinger, N.Y., top- Arnerican favorite himself of qualIn the British Open golf tournament, assured ifying Tuesday when he shot a course record 68 at Wallasey; aggregate of 148 'to Husky Mike, who had aimed for a two-damake certain of qualifying," said of his 146: - ' "So Pm delighted? (Story, Page Sen. Arthitr V. Watkins of Utah, commenting on President. ' Elsenhowert signing of the public works appropriations blaa which includes $13 million for the Upper Colorado River age Project: . "The bill assures us that our prime contract for tion of Glen Canyon Dam can be let as programmed next a; April." (Story, Page R: I.) . , A-2- .) y B-2- .) - cons-1111- 1 , - - , 4 - , . - , --- , TIVA Viclims 0 '' - r',.' ', ' . - , , . , 4: , - Hot And Cold I.. ,Remark Apology - --- ,. -- , . 4 , .4' ' ') ,.4,4,. q' to4,110attniatimpotittimalotilkotoItikiallW Wilson Refuses I I . , 3, 1,56 Se JULY - WRECKAGE Three rescue workers make their way toward the twisted and Airlines Super Constella wreckage of the Trans-Worl- - . - , 40 - , . 1, T. ' 4- - , ., 3 (E '' .- 4s. at l t .' ''' , .,. ), 1 .4 ,h' 0. '': '''' , ', it 4P v..' . . ,.. .0 ,--- , , '' , v ,,,, P ' t ' Removal 01I ,,,, - I. - 4-25- 81 to,,, .Jo, : JP' ,. - i.A., '''' '11 t,...' ::-- ."'.., 06 - , 4 4e , , .00 .., '..ir 4e- ., gel , , ''.. .1., - ., .0f, . ! 04 1:14" ,,,..,,, t-- . 1i ',or - , , SHATTERED - ;t1 1 I -- , ,. - ,.. , : I' ..- ',,' 4 '.-,..,..- - ,000'. - Is .",, '' ' ..c,., , ,. - :, ' - - t '2' ''- 41 ,, AP - .. 1 ' 4 ' . ' I ' . ,,, -- ,,,, ' 'a, )! ii , ,1--- i '.' 'r v. 44 ,, e AO 4 , , 41' .., ' ,,.. . : ,.. ' I. ,l' ,,:, ..:, , , t P 11 ',,, i - ,,4 ,'' 0 ,,t, ,. - , t '4" ..4t17-.- :., -- ' .. 1.91110'"Ssmilitiknel,". -- '.. - ,,, , ..,,, , ",..-- ' .4. . ' "I- - ',, , ,,,,,,,.....:.1--,:.-.- -- ,..::.., , ''- .; , 44 ' ' . '- ,,,, I 1,,'''''' ct ' ,'''' ,,,:.,- .4 , io' ,p,..,.,,,,-,- 4 ,,,, r!, ,. 1000004 .. .. ,- ,17'' . - w - ' , .., ..o.. , i ,.j ,k., 3, .,,,,40.,. iv, ,'' ''--' ' -- 4 r S. :" ,,... 3. 4 t ,',...,,,,w .. "" .. ;' . 'It , . , ,.,, - ' t. ' 1,.. yee ' , ''''' , "t , i ' P' , ' ... v..,-- 4 't ' I ,,,' .A., ,,'. i,-- .. ,, , ,:'.. it."',.-"-- - , A'' ' IF ' ' - - ,Oet ' ,doe ,c fo. - ., '' ,'ar' ,,t,,,,,,,sil '' .,,,:ot' ,'... 00. 7 isitor Report ' ,,i ,,.'..- 0., 4' ,,..:,,....., t 4 - . -- - , , .- ' -- '.4' Purged Poland i ''' - t oitti,. IV r ,' , :, Jo- ...,0 1 ' 1 , .;'. :. 4, , , ,0 ' v ' (' ..- 11' 1 06 ' ' ' 'e4......, , l' ' - , .. . 0 f ''' , '' ..,.. , .', , , s 1;., 1 I"- - s''',---- . ,. 1.4 . . , .., : ' 1 . - : ,,, ' it, i ,,t ',.v...:.' , t , - ' ,- ,,,. . 'it 4 it,'' '": f' - ,, . - i2 41' ' - !'! V- i, - ,,4.1 . - - - . '' - V bi''''t ''' ,, ,. ' 't'. t,,14,' 4 - 'IL - tog, . - , evolt Leaders f4, , TeamsFinish , , Education - I - il 0111Pe"lotep..nomonommomemnsomemanollmommomp 1 - . 1 1 , mid-July- ' News Depts. 75 YEAR - - 'g. ! i re For - ' - ,. EL t i -- .. Information 107TH ITS --- 25 lis pile-drie- m Money Seen - NOW IN , Ev ridéritiké SA it17's P11.'6.- Ifila'g) C 0)11111idpol,'Pril bOrrs 2.4F 0 economic blows of the Tuesday. One probe is being conductnation alt stiike of 6541,000 inted SteellA ot kers hit the ed by the company. another transportation industry Tuesday with furloughs scheduled for by the Atomic Energy ComthOusands of "noncombatant" workers. and the FBI is checkRailroads alone scheduled layoffs for upwards of 30000 mission, to see if there was any .. ing workeis by the weekend. Truck, of sabotage. lake and driver workers also possibility The fire and police departfaced hard times. i were doing their own ments With the evidenee of a pro- - checking because members of longed shutdown piling up. the both departments were exU.S. Medti Service abanposed to raelioacinity.in vary;dolled its sicleline position and ing degrees. '' Cutalks scheduled "ex ploi atory The AEC said the explowith eah side in the bitter con isions 'apparentlytesulted tract dispute. But it did not in- from ignition of thorium ter ene immediately. metal scrap being treated for S Mediation Director Joseph F. long term storage. Finnegan said he IA ould confer ' separately Thursday with David J. NILDonald. USW president, By LAVOH K. CHAFFIN and John A. Stephens U.S. St Pel News Education Writer Corp Niee president and chief R PORTLAND, ORF. -- - "There industry bargainer. Is no crisis in educationthat Settlement Chances Slim Money can't cure." Chances of bringing the sides That declaration was made together this week appeared I here Monday night by Eric A. slim, both the union and IndusJohnston, president of the Mo. try seemed adamant in their lion Picture Association of positions in the deadlocked conAmerica, in a speech before the tract dispute which led to the PERLIN (UP A Scandinageneral session of the National strike at 12:01 a.m. Sunday. vian businessman said Tuesday Education Assn. Scores of Utah The union calls the company. teachers and educators were in proposed no strike Polish Communists already the audience in Multnomah Sta- contract "inadequate." The corn have executed the leaders of the dium. panies call the union's demands food and freedom" uprising in Mr. Johnston said the U.S.. "exoi bitant." n. Pozna was now spending about $1n'-The stri ke, which has cut off A purge of Polish Communist billion for its pubhc 90 per cent of the nation's steel elementary n ri secondary, prodortion was already claim- !party ranks also appeared imschools but needed to increase ing its toll on these segments minent because of the bloody that figure by at least S3 billion. of efonomy: Railroads: at least 30.000 rai !Uprising last week. The official Delay Tax Cuts Communist party newspaper ''I know and you know that road workers are to be laid off the end of this The week. that heads will roll. !warned tve cannot buy one new class- by The businessman who arrived room or one new teacher with a Pennsylvania, a big steel hauler, as a businessman began laying off 18,000 with here from Poznan Tuesday said lax cut would favor postponing- any the initial furloughs amounting workers suspected of leading to 15 to 20 per cent of the force. cutting of corporate or income The Baltimore were placed the demonstrators and fur. Ohio will taxes until we deliver adequate on 5,000 workers lough before Friday our for firing squads and execut-,Toilak- e funds national restoring at operations from New York to ed as soon as education system." he said. they were caught. He noted that "this isn't the St. Louis. By the weekend Elgin, Summarily Shot first crisis education has faced Joliet & EasternInexpects to have Chicago-GarOthers captured with arms in In this country . . . but that it laid off 3,000 is the most alarming." In the !tec2 enter. The Duluth,.Mcsa- their possession alsowere sum- be & Iron Railroad, Min- - marily shot, he said gaslight era the nation could nesota OreRange Road, plans to fur- education of some afford neglect The businessman said he was The 3,000. Erie ' lough gave laybecause it did not need so many in Poznan that "dozens" told 205 off notices to men in the technicians and professionals. Irr and district Ohio, Yr'ungstnwn, were exerut ed by the Commu- today's complex technology we the Lehigh said it has fur- - nist firing squads. can't waste human resources The official Polish Commuand Maintain world leadership. loughed 400. mainly at Sayre and Packerton, Pa. nist newspaper Trybuna Ludu he said. Boats Tied Up 1Tuesday attacked party officials in Poznan for cowardice during OfGreat Lakes shipping: "We are now wasting our the uprising and said they will human resources as shockingly fleials predicted the lake iron "answer for their acts." be will boats tied at their Ore up Bs we once wasted our national East German radio said The in two docks weeks. The Pitts. resources," he declared. the Polish Communist party of division burgh Steamship There are easy solutions to was investigating the Commuthe education problem, "if well'.S. Steel. with 58 vessels. said nist lack of vigilance in Poznan. its entire of fleet out be would are willing to pay for them." Western businessmen who Columservice The by Mr. Johnston said. ''At this were in Poznan during the up-i ent In history perhaps were bia Transportation Co. will dock heaval 21 boats after preNert carreported that party of- its getting a dime's worth of edura ficials stood by while demon- are delivered. On Saturday, he continued. goes ton for a strators seized the arsenal at Co. Hanna will off begin laying "Tut if we want a dollar's worth the militia command headquarwe're going to have to spend al crews of its 10 boats. ters. Weapons also were taken River The transportation: dollar. from the hands of unresisting PittsLine Union Barge Corp. pf "There's no bargain counter militia and security guards. elto feel the expected burgh or in this price for education fects of the steel Strike when Jail Stormed any country." commitments for its aled underL present i s, ancient by Quoting Diogene t (.reek scholar, Mr. Johnston most 300 barges are fulfilled in- ground fighters. the demonstrasaid, 'The foundation of any the next few days. U.S.4 govern- Itors stormen the City jail, COror' on the munist party headquarters and education of its merit navigation No. state Is the ' River above Pitts-1- ' the city hall. They destroyed Monongahela youth." "But you don't have to go 'burgh reported tow traffic the radio center used to jam back that far," he said, ". . .1 through the big locks has broadcasts from the West. The consult the classified section of dropped as much as 90 per cent demonstrators a I s o burned this evening's newspaper, the party and prison files. invaded Communist offices and hauled ads want for engi. Reds Return desperate Japanese Red functionaries outside to ex- 'leers and technicians to man TOKYO (INS)--Threpatria pose them to the hootteand Jeers our complex modern society." tiOn Mr. is needed. ship. Koan Marti. returned of the mobs. More money Johnston said, for classrooms to Japan Tuesday with 335 JapaThey shouted for more 'Pay and for teachers. Teacher sala- nese war criminals released by and food and less Russians. "This is our revolution:' they ries must be raised if the nation the Chinese Communists. The Is to sTtrac--t an adequate supply vessel was scheduled to arrive shouted to westerners In Poi-oteachers, he said. 1Monday but was delayed by had nan for the international fair. "There are many incentives !weather during its voyage from They appealed to the visitors to See NEA on Page A-- !Tangku. 'carry their message to the West. rnTSBURGII UP three-da- y NEWSPAPER FIRST EM ' '' Advertising-arculatio- o idgegrata Q., - - - NEW YORK tINSt A series of imestigations was un der way Tuesday into the explosion that hpped through the Sylania Electric Products Co. laboiatory in Bayside, Queens. Monday, Four of the nine persons in lured in the double explosion were still m critical condition Transportation Industry Hit; Rails To Furlough 30,000 wESTS MOUNTAIN , , TELEPHONES wi Abw .- , . : , , , .. E E A!) . . , . . 1 , - , . ' |