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Show Vi 20A Cfty UoK Widnciday, Ftbldary Can 1?60 ' l jjJ ' Great Wheat Glut i America's ' for the Constitution of t!?e United-State.at having been divinely inspired. U:V s . Tensions Be Relaxed? East-We- st - - We Will Bury You ' - JV ::t 'Great Decisions' Of 1960 Bs$mnv. Nidus SoMok v w w w w m !e - - the Soviet -- . Trade Offensive Disarmament: npiIE- American people would, of course, be delighted to see the' Russian people tr the Chinese or anyone else dmprove their living standards- ,- A better fed, healthier and happier world would probably be an easier .world to live in. This, howeverT is not ther imme- diate issue on. the economic side By ERWIN LESSXER (Mr. Lessner has' Authored, arjioiig other books, At ' the Devil's and Siberia: Cradle of Booth, A RECENT POLITICAL criticism of the wheat storage program of the Depart- ment of Agriculture may have given just necessary push'to get Congress to accept a further Improvement in the farm program. 1' Any day now. President Eisenhower is 'expected to submit his farm message to Congress calling for such improvement, dts safe to predict that this will bffTshe ,Vf the three major. goals for which the president will fight along with solid foundations for peace and fiscal integrity. One possible change that has beeri suggested is4 to pay farmers wtih surplus .commodities instead of cash for putting fhei1" farms into the- - soil bank. The experts don't hold out much chanty for constructive farm legislation 'this year. The supposed political power ref the Yfarm bloc looms large in this .ection year. Legislation can- only be passed if.somehow, the public can be aroused realization of the utter tilityef the course we are now taking. Without intending it, the criticism of the storage program may help 'do exactly V that, F te - c , ' the cost of the governments farm ' - -- toa' -- f of the cold war. True, living standards are ris- ing in the Soviet Union, and in satellite Eastern Europe and- probably even in Red China. But, experts point out, the real economic gains in Communist countries are' primarily in heavy and defense: The admittedly rapid economic growth in the communist bloc does not favor the consumer ritrdavors the national policy purposes of Communist' governments, to use the words of U.S. Central Intelligence ..Dircctor Allcn W: Dulles: - pro- L. . The surplus ! growing at "the rate of- about 200 million bushels a year. Wheat was once a basic livestock feed. to the extent of 100 to 200 million bushels a year, fhat market has been lost because of government-supporteprices. All this is basically no fault of the farmer. He is not to be' censured, for improving his efficiency year THERE ARE, by jear and producing more wheat ort strategic threats to the U.S. and fewer acres.' It is to Americas credit that its allies in. the rapid growth of communist economic power: wheat production has in' v. 1. Military With less than half creased eight limes since 1914. the l6taTproductivity of the U.S.,. But obviously the present wheat prothe gram cannot be allowed to continue One! about the same amount should farmer that 'spending great danger every, of money as the U S , each year, soberly consider is that if it is not coron military purposes, and may he rected, public Tevulsion might pull down Peaceful Coexistence onp to five years ahead of usin the entire farm price support structure, rocket engines and missiles. I., the good with the bad.. ... .. . maintains -fyced touy - duetion. . Economic -- WitlTWgh!y Bensftn that we U.S. ecoftomy is now and U from less thatrthe the S, e of the worlds total proabandon the old. outmoded par- will continue to grovv at about 2 IX THE FACE of ductivity, the .Communist bloc is ity concept and base price supporH-e- n the "a year, while the Soviet economy now able to use its economic power as these, much of the foreign average price for the previous three years.- is growing and will continue1 to in foreign trade and aid to. comaid these countries receive from That would control wide fluctuations and grow at about 8 a year or mort:. pete with the industrial democrathe U.S. and other democracies enable the fanner to hold his crops for U.S. economists disagree on this cies in world .commercial markets, serves only to bail out a country e higher prices if necessary, but still set of statistics and projections. It nawoo to and "key does underdeveloped economic an from it squeeze; the incentive foir constantly piling up is a matter of record that the gross tions with generous offers of aid, at - little for basic, more surpluses. growth. ' national product, in the U.S. inlow interes't. Also in the fade of these' condiat the rate of 4 a year creased ACHIEVING THATTROGKAM this year 3. Ideological With its power tions, the Commuqist bloc is able the pe(not during postwar will tAe the most concentrated dedicaunderand progress, and its aid to to use its foreign trade and aid to riod, through 1958. - Some of the tion and effort on the part of the adcommunism nations,, 1957 the Soviet developed advantage. Thus in more optimistic forecasts for the ministration"' And thats exactly what Union became the sixth largest hopes to prove its'superiouty over U.S. economio 1960s see an over-athoughtful and worried observers of the free enterprise as an economic sys- .torlcL trader, with a 15 rise in of a year. Some rate growth farm economy hope to see. tem in 'providing for the needs of trade over the previous year. these higher estimates are based of in mirthe masses, and working Although Communist leaders oh growth in labor force and output acles of rapid industrialization, frankly admit they use trade and perman-hour- . -other Communist The bloc, in aid for political ends, they have words, is using its growing ecomanaged to convince many Xinder-- , THE PROBLEM, in other words, is nomic power as an important forNews is deeply committed highly technical,' hncT even the developed countries that there are no strings to their grants, barter eign policy tool. Critics of U.S. and to the task of informing the public on matexperts disagree. Allied economic policy, on the other loans. . deals ancheasy-terters of sober concern. So are many other hand, claim that the democracies U.S."aid programs, on the other organizations, among them the University are not making effective use of hand, have been criticized because of Utah Extension Division and the ForDecisions-196- 0 their great economic superiority. 53 of our economic aid goes to eign Policy Association. issues? What the are 12 bulk" who receive the nations . the ' Again this year these three cooperation with the Extenof U.S. military aid. The invisible COMPETITION BETWEEN SYS- arexoQBerating in an effort to foster sion Division of the University . . . TEMS' Many U.S. leaders' greater public understanding of Americas 'nation usually has to be a U.S. of Utah andHTie Forei gn Poliey concerned that the domestic U.S. role in foreign affairs and of each Amerthe Deseret News Association, military ally to get" favored ecoicans role in shaping that role. economy is not as healthy as it , , begins a series of eight today aid. nomic should be in order to keep ahead Beginning today, and each Wednesday weekly articles. They will be pub--, for the next eight weeks, this page will of. Communist economies. THE DEBATE on U.S. economic lished each Wednesday. Some are concerned with the present timely,' we hope informative, artipolicies reduces itself to two The articles, especially precles on a key foreign affairs issue. Indirelative growth rates of the two key issues: (a) Are the American for the Deseret News by pared vidual readers are invited to consider this economies. people doing enough, in their comwriters, as well as the qualified information and express their opinions on Others point out that the last munities and businesses, to insure Decisions discussion groups Great (1948-4U.S. recessions the accompanying ballot. More intensively, three healthy growth of the U.S. econ across the nation, will come to 1953-5cost the U.S. be) i readers are urged to contact the omy grips with some of the most urtween $35 billion and $40 billion in sity of Utah Extension Division for Infor(b) Are the American people gent problems confronting the mation ort" how they can join an existing national production. gross doing enough, through taxes and United States discussiorf group or organize their own Others point to inflation, elected representatheir through A folder containing study maStrikes, our failure to build enough tives in Congress, to promote neighbors and friends into a fireside- - dis- terials for groups and1 individuals Hussion group. Foreign Policy Association houses, roads or schools, the high . healthy world tra.de and rapid econational debt, or- - .unbalanced. nomic development in the backwishing to take part in the' Great background readings on the issues are Decisions program can be obavailable to such groups. ? areas budget. t ward, tained from Miss Roth Noall, ExIn cold war terms how imporME CONSIDER THIS an Important op- GLOBAL ECONOMIC COMPETI-TIOtension Division, University of a issues? tant Does are these The U.S.- - economy does portunity' for citizens to meet one of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, for $1. have democratic! society advantages' the new challenges of democracy in a.i not operate in a vacuum, however. w or disadvantages in competing ith Because of its size, it has a great vastly shrunken world. Are Americans, Communist economies? regimented, :. non-to the on rest of the the equal challenge? Impact What Do You Think? Why? d cer-taint- v. SECRETARY of Agriculture Bonsosfsrr J. critics have complained that the storage of wheat is costing the government nearly $1 million a dAy, and that this -- 1 tar tiV! mnrh- - Tf ennM hi' Ichoaply, they argue, if the government look over more of the job instead of pr' ivate operators. J As This is a vast Secretary Benson has pointed, out, the . ;appa4nt lower, costof government stor-jlge poos not take Into consideration the .fact tharrihe government pays no taxes . land assumes no risks; any spoilage would be a complete loss to the taxpayer. . ? He has pointed out, moreover, that the Storage of surplus grain on unused merchant ships was. first developed by the T -- present administration, that government--'owne- d storage facilities have been doubled In the past eight years, and that the ad '.ministration is working hard to stimulate storage, so that farmers Instead of vast business organizations can get the benefit of storage . has-urge- he-Kremlin d one-thir- war-tim- d Such-Conditi- ons -- elimi-nat- -- . lpng-rang- ' e 3-- 2) them-hielv- es Cm-far- m , . America. Wheat represents only 6 To of farm cash crops,' but is responsible for 30 of gram. Russian jStyle - . - v- Eut all this misses the point.. The real, point is that storage costs ARE too high. Moreover, theyre going to be a great deal higher unless America has the. moral courage to call a halt to its farm insanity. HERES OLE PRESENT PLIGHT: Wc have 1.3 billion bushels of surplds wheat, costing the government $3.5 billion, plus 'those remorseless storage costs. Thats enough to make 450 loaves of bread for every man, woman and .phild in ' i ll 4-- 5 -- Citizens In A Shrunken World w. 'PROBABLY NEVER BEFORE has Amer- lea been so deeply and complexly involved in foreign affairs and decisions. 5? President Eisenhower is recently back frorn Asia, Africa, and Europe. Hell be in South America late this month, in Ru- The-Deser- m Great ssia. Japan, and other Far East countries 3n June. Meanw hiie,' the Geneva talks plod on disarmament. the minister level-oJensive efforts are under way to solidify trade relations. Western Europe-U-plans for Latin America are taking the attention of another set rf diplomats. Then theres the recent Japanese treaty, a, new agreement on mili- tary bases under way with the Philipand so on and on. pines, . We are involved in one way or another in practically every area of the globe. Are Americans adequately meeting the - . challenge of this age? America is founded on the principle Phat intelligent, informed people can govern themselves bet teFthan they can be governed at any other level." American -history has proven the correctness of that it n . -- -- 9, J-- ' , principle. But one wonders. quately informed so-- 19o7-58- 4, . -- 1 N Are we really ade- that the principle of tan work in the present incredibly comply delicate age? nt Communist world economy. And because of its growing need for raw materials and markets, the U.S. has great stakes In a healthy world economy. recession (which The 1957-5- 8 hit Europe s well as 4he feSt)4iad a serious impact on the ynderde- v elopedworld, the - nations and territories which supply the U.S raw materials, with many-ke- y which buy st substantial amount of Kearns JndJephi .Lead Out UTAH'S LONG TRADITION of "worth--" while community" development and eo-'operation will be given another significant ONE OF THE LIVELIEST of the current great debates in the U.S. is whether or not the Soviet Union can or wilL outproduce this What Are The .ham Young University, are expected to attend the organization meeting and lend - The Kremlm boast is that its "their encouragement. undoubt-ed!total industrial output is now 50 , Nephis basic are, problems feQOst.Wcdnrdny. evening. The' central oftliatof-thU.S., and that, by . quite slmilar to tUher rural - aiea . will Russia be producing more loss a 1970, inriude their of hey in total amt -3oas"tnarr projrit under the direction ofthe Unher- - population to larger metropolitan cities - intelli-- . volume. U.S. because Deof sufto their of inability per capita provide Community sity of Utahs Bureau ' farm and factory products. fwsient and attractive employment for the Sov iet . estimates total U.v gence say velopment. The drop ia world market prices is now only 40 of the U.S. 1959 Nephi output communitys youth. During comma Uke thousands of other I Nephi for raw materials alone cost the also suffered a special problem of its own (see graf. below). Unities throughout the nation, is faced with nations an ' esti But the debate centers on it was plagued by two serious strikes. underdeveloped of "vfcerious problems. But factor present this period (6-of export earnin the two economies that ether communities, the citizens of Nephi m unity spirit to get things donei It has have rolled up their sleeves and. deter-- t .recently built the curbs and gutters-i- t is, annual increases in total pro- ings). And because their earnings mined to solve their problems. And."they needed, and It has also built' an excellent I 0951 pns) have, called in-- ' the University's recently-creato- d community swimming pool. 400 'Bureau of Community Develop-mene In its community-widattempt to overto help and advise them. come the basic problems, Nephi has shown So that Nephis progressive citizens wisdom in calling upon the services of a will know that the state is proud of their bureau of experts. - For the past several 300 Efforts, a number of prominent leaders months the unincorporated large commulArill be on hand to express their best nity of Kearns has been working toward wishes. Governor Clyde will officially the solutions of its many problems, under 200 the stake.' He. will be accompanied the direction of the Universitys Bureau of Community Development, Months of- Jby President A. Ray Olpin of the UniveVr S.S.special work are now coming to a conrsity of Utah, and De. J. D. Williams, HOW . of the Universitys Bureau." Pres clusion, and the fruition of many proporwomu -' 100 ldent Daryl Chase of Utah State, and JDr. sals is expected to begin during vthe coming urru fc 1, CONSUHIT L.' vice . of.Brigmonths.lor,, president Taj plariev , As Ncphl now joins Kearns in a pro- v gram that promises great possibilities all ' ForJToday Utahns wish it well. They will alsd be 957 . . I9a0 waiting toee which community will be- Z ECONOMIC OUTPUT The long summer vacation for school The is also imeach emphasizes country number three to avail itself of this 'children is absurd these days; it began com? e total value of all and portant.. For example, Jhe U.S. inservice and guidance at prac-- when most of the vests about $6 billion a year' for services, Gross National Product population Was agrarian t.. tically no financial cost, JTand children were needed to help, on the tCNPlrproduced in the U.S. and "f, yr - e tne'-u.s- . an-oth- unlike-thousand- s rates-grow- Conquerors.) TC7TTH the w'orld anxious to t give top consideration to So- vief versions of disarmament, it should be fitting to offer a .topic for discussion: The Warsaw Pact the Red "defensive treaty, promulgated on May l4, 1955, with its built-i- n machinery for 'violating existing and sabotaging future, international agreements. The Warsaw- - Pact virtually stipulates the merger of the military establishments of "Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania,., Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary and, since y Jan. 18,' 1956, also of East under Russian control. ' Ger-jnan- , IT IS WITH Bulgaria, Rumania and Hungary, that the7vioIa-- j tion of. existing agreements first comes in. Peace treaties also provide that theforces of. thethree nalions"be restricted to meeting tasks of InloCah frontier ternal character and basic policies toward Soviet Union and the communist bloc should theU.Sfol- jow during 1960? Following are a number of possible alternatives Check any alternatives you favor and are walling to support. Mail your ballot to: Great cisions," The Deseret News, Post 6lfice Box 1257, Salt Lake City 10, Utah. The ballots will be tabulated and the results published and sent -- ' Pact stipulates that pact divisions do not have- to be permanently stationed in their homelands. but are liable to transfer-tallied countries. If this is not tantamount to maintaining foreign bases the term has no meaning. Probably not even Nikita could explain how this is supposed to be in Internal tasks and local border defenses. . - accord-afit?e''CU- . billion t" aO No change in current mili- tary policies. b. Greater expenditure and effort to close the missile c. rep-rese- nt or U K- V- , it- - v . -- Thoughts " 1950 1957 ; 1930 the-good- s, worth-whil- iTif ius a month off in the the .Chnstrrias holidaj s. rather than, corruption, Credulity, I makes the world a mess: it is not that we are fond of telling lies,' but so fond of -believing them. Nephi s elf study -- town-meetin- g pmach t p eommunity devd opment is "trie: antidofe it provides against the continuing ceritrzdizatiolTof power in America. Here, hf (he examples of these two are and cities; analyzing solving their own problems lit a demo cratic wajv progressive-communities- d. lf 7 t - T n gap" between Build up U.S. conventional military forces, capable of fighting small wars. . .. .Urge U.S. Allies to increase their'defense efforts. Some U.S. civil defense effort, including education of U.S. public on hazards of nuclear attack ahd - survival meas' -ures. L U Ma ior U.S."civil:-de- f pnse tf-fort, including construction of civilian shelters, stockpiling supplies, and training U.S. public oar survival in case, of nuclear attack. Accept" VASILJ V. KUSNETZOV, speaking in the U.N. on .Oct. 6, called the solution of the problem of disarmament awaited with hope bj the peopleSof all countries, irre-- " spective of their social system an way of life. However, the Warsaw Pact, which he avoids to mention, is typical for Russias pattern to deceive all popular hopes. gain-- , a disarmament " agree- disarmament. Other, or comment:'' "to - E Issues? ' 2. ECONOMIC POLICY No change in' current eco- . a, -flemie policies b. Greater U.S. effort to reduce barriersAo-tradethrough- out - the free world.- d.ITBetter protection1 of U.S. - - - d. f. . pro- - from vdoreign ,(frpe world) trade competition. Greater U.S. effort ,to promote rapid economic growth in underdeveloped areas. d above.- - Greater U.S. effort to T pro- - mate ... domestic economic. growth. Relax U.S. trade restrictions . " pith U.S SR. Other; or comment: 3 POLITICAL STRATEGY Use evej-- y opportunity for ne- gotiation betw'een communist and democratic leaders. communist-demo-cratic b. O Continue dialogue but insist ' on concrete, evidence , fit j peaceful intentions of com- munljt bloc as a condition-o- f political settlement, er Expand exchange of persons pnd cultural and scientific exchanges with communist .countries. control Accept communist a. Protnote the ment. ' . "Demand some progress on po--. litical Issues before agreeingT th y control over policed and controlled. . ht h. U.S.-U.S.S.- e. the Union, of Soviet Socialist Re- publics In 1958 gives some interest- - driverin movies, etc. The Union of Soviet figure SOvie- t- SocialistRepublies- - in vests h. ing comparisons-Thcof approximately $182 billion Is beonly $2 billion a year for compard tween and one-haof the able cemmercial purposes.-- , , The above chart explains this comparable figure ($439 billion) '. in terms of relative emfor the U.S. ; . But this is only part of the phasis (and growth) in t two j- - O ' story. What kind of production economies. one-thir- i 1 g. newly-adde- d 7 1. MILITARY POLICY o THE ONLY PACT divisions, or rather regiments, not likely to see service abroad are the forces of little Albania, w hich are needed at home to protect Russias notorious stronghold of Saseno, as well submarine and as the rocket bases of Durazzo and ' . Skadaili. . National East Germanys Peoples Army, the latercomer to the Pact, is estimated at 5 infantry . and 2 armored divisions, officered hv touch Nazi veterans whom Herr 77r V wlly stoph, the mast e rmTn do f East German rearmament, has starved into rabid collaboration. East Germany is the point of gravity of Soviet and satellite de-- . ployment for aggression westwards as soon as the boss pulls the trigdivisions, 19 of ger. Sixty-eigthem armored, are on a stand-bbasis for the drive to th6 Atlantic. Lment.- th ' . defense. And while Russia' keeps denouncing the maintenance oLfor-eig- n bases as a caoitahst threat to the peaceful world, the Warsaw East-We- st WHAT -- captive grovVth axcas. of dem- jnit the free world. Q Do not try to sell". -' counracy iir tries. where-i- t does, not now. exist. h. O Other, of comment: V .i k i I |