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Show THE SAUNA SUN. SAUNA. UTAH What Oil Drill ers Are Doing to California Beaches This view of the tidelands adjacent to the Coast highway near Sanra Barbara, Calif., shows oil well drill ciews preparing to convert Californias beautiful shoreline Into a morass of derricks, sump holes and refuse dumps.. Ihis action on the part of oil prospectors has aroused the entire state to the need of preserving (Tie beaches in their pristine beauty. iDg Why Is a Tide? Heres Answer Paris Creates Gowns for Artificial Light nbiiut Washington. Why is the tide? Half t tie answer is easy, points out a bulletin from the Washington (D. 0.) headquarters of the National Geographic society. But most laymen find the ether half hard to comprehend. It is relatively easy to understand why tlie moon should tend to pull a tide into existence on the side of the earth directly tinder it." says the bill letin. "But why at the same time should it appear to push up a tide on the far side of the earth? The usual explanation ot the formation of t lie bulge on the far side is that just as t he moon draws the water nearest it away from the solid part ot the earth, so it draws .the solid part of t lie earth away from the water farthest from the moon. But tlie avei age layman is likely to rebel at this explanation, sinr.e-4- e does not curry in iiis mind tlie implications of celestial mechanics that go with it Tlie explanation begins wirli the fact that the moon docs riot simply re volve in an orbit abound the earth. It also throws tue earth to revolving in a little orbit. . How Force Operates. "When you playfully grasp a small child by tlie bands am-- swing it around in a circle you cannot stand erect and pivot on a single heel. In stead you must dean backward and take tiny steps in a very small circle in order to maintain your balance. The small circle which your feet follow is traced om in tlie opposite direction to the larger cirele traeed hy tlie tlyii.g feet of the whirling young ter. "'l lie. situation with regard to tlie .earth and moon is similar. The toive which connects these two whirling globes is just as real as though it diiiemlcd on a huge steel shaft, sev cry hundred utiles in diameter, con net ting them. When the earth swings the moon around it. tlie earth must back off, so to speak, in a little cirele (or ellipse) of its own. Wlmt happens is that both bodies revolve a round their common ceuter of gravity. Since tlie earth has a mass so much greater than tliat ul tlie moon this common center of grav ity is not in space between the globes, tun lies inside tin earth, along a line connecting tlie earth and moon ceu It is as though you had a lets. freakish dumbbell made up of .a heavy ten pin bull fixed to one end of the connecting shaft, and a small boy's marble fixed to the other. Tlie balancing point would lie inside the big hall. You could find it (or tlie surface point above it), drive in a tack, and hang tlie balanced balls up tty a string. Now. if you twisted tlie l ' I Ileie is a group of General Sandiuo's rebel troops in Nicaragua receiving Instructions front the former German training them in modern methods of warfare. tflicer, one Muller, who has been Concrete Piers for Yosemite Valley Bridge Paris. Dresses exclusively for wear under artificial light are created by one Paris designer. Dance frocks are displayed hy a modern terpsichore known as t lie Paris dancing mannequin, whose feet move constantly In a scries of complicated dance steps as she exhibits gowns to prospective buyers. Women have an opportunity lo see clothes as they actually appear in the pirt less glare of light and under the most trying circumstances of the dance floor. tlie little ball would revolve tlie line of tlie string' in a' large cirele, and at tlie same time the outer side of the big bal) would revolve around tlie same line in a small cirele. In the ease of tlie earth and moon, tlie balancing point,' or common cen ter of gravity is about 1,000 miles OOO0O0QO0O':0W0O'0CDra below i lie surface of the earth, and about ::,000 miles short of tlie earth's the nioon can best lie understood in center. terms of an automobile's motion. If If There Were No Moon. an automobile Is traveling rapidly in a straight line along a street and "Now imagine, for a moment, that the earth were somehow fixed in suddenly turns a corner, occupants of tlie hack seat will be thrown forcibly space, neither rotating nor revolving to the outer side of the cur, away wit li no moon in tlie heavens, and with no oilier forces acting on it hu: from the center ot curvature. Packits own gravity. Its water surfaces ages will slide across tlie floor and would teud to form parts of a perfect pile up on tlie outer pide of the car. sphere, no bulges. Now imagine the Like Skidding Packages in Auto. moon to be placed 231), 000 miles away "Both tlie automobile and its con(its present average distance) and al tents have the tendency to go on in a so in some way to be fixed in space: straight line. When tlie steering no motion to either earth or moon. Further, assume that moon and earth wheel is turned, the car if It does attract each other as they now do. not skid responds to a force changTlie waters of the earth would bulge ing its direction; but tlie packages and passengers, being free to move up ou tlie side ueares.t tlie moon be cause tlie moon would pull them to about, respond to t tie changed direction less and 'pile' on the a certain extent away from the rocky outer side. quickly, If is driven raptlie car of the part (fixed) earth. But there would lie no bulge on the far side of idly in a small circle the movable obi lie jects and passengers are given a conearth. tinual urge toward the outer side. Now Imagine the earth and moon Now, tlie earth is being driven conto start revolving around their comstantly in a small circle, so to speak, mon center of gravity once every 27 by tlie moon. . That is, its direction days, as at present, but not roIs from a continually changing ou tiieir axes. Two fixed tating bulges line to a circle. The waters straight would uow exist,, tlie one toward the moon would grow less than when the of the oceans are the most freely earth was motionless, but would still moving objects on this circularly traveling earth. Consequently, those nearlie held up by tlie moon's pull. er tlie outer side of the curved path "Bui why would tlie bulge arise ou tend to pile up to form the tide on the far side of the earth from tlie the side of the earth away from the moon? moon. Striving to Fly Apart. Tidal Force Turns Earth. Tlie earth and moon, revolving "Now, common remembering that our Imagaround their renter of gravity in approximately one mouth, are strivinary earth and moon are revolving iu space, but not rotating, let us make ing to fly apart, and to strike out in space on straight paths that would one more change to bring the situation into accord with the actual facts. carry them away from each, other. Start the earth to rotating ou its axis They cannot really tiy apart because gravitation holds them together, but" once iu 24 hours. The tide producing forces, toward and away from tlie none tlie less they are constantly frymoon, would continue to operate as ing to fly off. before, lending to pull the water into Consider now only tlie earths tendBut those bulges would no ency. Continually tlie eartti seeks to bulges. ' remain at the same two places longer tiy off in a straight line away from on the surface of the earth. The ihe moon, and continualily the moon would turn under the forces. drugs it hack into the little orbit that earth has been described. But the water on Thus any point on the earth well the side of the earth uVvay from the away from the poles would be subjected to a tide producing force apmoon is 4,000 miles further from the proximately every half day. The pemoon than is the center of ttie earth; riod is slightly greater than half a ur.d it Is free to flow as tlie solid because of the moon's revolution day, earth is not. Therefore this remote watei is pulled hack with a weaker, around the earth. force than the solid earth, and so Uow the tides actually operate, takes a slightly greater orbit than the however, how their theoretical action solid earth and bulges away from the is altered hy the sun, by tlie shapes moon. and extents of oeean basins, and by force changes in Ihe distance between earth "Perhaps this on tlie side of the earth farthest from and moon, make another story. string Can Comprehend Half of Reason Rest Not So Easy. Layman Sandinos Men Coached by Former German Officer Claimed to be the loftiest concrete piers ever erected for bridge purposes areThose for tlie Yosemite Valley railroad at rieasant Valley, Calif. They tower more than 200 feet higher than a twenty-stor- y building. Tlie road crosses a reservoir and abnormally high piers were necessary. WELL FEATHERED Treating Trees With Chemical Bombs Representative Jed Johnson of Oklahoma is an honorary chief of tlie Kiowa Indian. tribe of Oklahoma. Mach member of tlie tribe contributed to be used in tiie headdress which he is shown wearing. W. S. WASHINGTON C. S. Jewett, orange grower and conducting' experiments with bombs exterminate ttie insects which are tlie of his farmeretfes are shown above rancher of i.a Verm1, Calif., lias been witli chemicals in an effort to bane of tlie orange growers life. Two wiring up bombs in au infested grove. filled Give Million for Medical Research g Tenant Farmers Girl CRIME HITS NEW DIAMOND Wins as Cotton MINES IN SOUTH AFRICA Nacogdoches. Texas. The Queen c dton $ Daring Holdups, Murders and Free Fights Are Occurring With Alarming Frequency. Cape Town. Free fights, murders robberies are occurring with it'anning frequency on the l.ichicn burg alluvial diamond diggings. Sim-the recent rushes thousands of dingers have assembled in tlie vicinity and who ap among them are pea i to he reaping a rich harvest There Imve been several cases 1 staring holdups. The latest was one in which a Welverdieml digger named ITellei was set u;ien late at night h,v a aang of native desperadoes who de munded Uh'iiey. lie refused, upon 'Jdcli they set upon him with sticks and robbed him of till, leaving him serini!: ly injured. information was given to tlie police stud a posse set out to arrest tlie gang. uni ' They came upon them and tlie natives put up a fight with the result that the police were compelled to fire. One native was killed. The others were arrested. Amu her Incident occurred at a nearby field where a native was caught stealing a bag of bananas" (discarded gravel after the first sortThe owner fired and wounded ing) the native slightly. The latter drew a knife and attacked tlie white man. felling him. While on the ground tlie native stabbed ttie Injured man, who was i.kcti to tlie hospital in a critical queen of Texas Is tlie daughter of a tenant farmer. Seventeen year-olRuby Lee Williams won the crown by raising three hales of cotton on one acre ot land She deposed Riga Daniels, eighteen yars old. also of Nacogdoches, who obtained two nr.d one-hal- f baks from A hale of 24G uri acre In l'.i'.'O. pounds was used as a basis for deciding tlie annual cotton queen contests. Both the new and (lie old queen will go to Havana. Cuba, js ttie guests of d company manufacturing nitrate, a product used In fertilizing cotton lands. d conilii ion Murders Dont Count Murders In South Afrl ca don t count because It Is a wilu country," in the opinion of Sir F.rnes' Fardner, who admitted couvictiou of New two. Yoik. Tough on Posterity Yivrk British radio experts have a theory that voices of person uges who have spoken over the radio will wander through the ether indefl nitelv and tie (ticked up, say, 100 years lienee. New Wilson Selden Washington, a collateral descendant of George Washington, who has Just been elected master of Alexandria-Washingtoworshipful Lodge No. 22, A. F. and A. M tiie same lodge presided over hy George Washington 138 years ago. Mr. Washington is a of General Washington, and a son of the late Lawrence Washington, tiie last male member of the family born at Mount Vernon. n to the who have given Sl.UOO.tKH of Chicago for medical research for the especial purpose of Increasing the life expectancy of persons fifty or more years old. Mr. Lasker was formerly chairman of the Cnited States shipping board. Mr. and Mrs. Albert D. Lasker, Cni-versi- ty |