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Show THE SAUNA SUN. SAUNA. UTAH Tuning Radio Set Simple Operation Fascists Celebrate Eighth Anniversary Every Fan Should Be Familiar With Details on This Subject Tuning a radio receiver Is an art. bat it is the sort of art within the reach of every one. The simple process of twisting the dials or setting the controls makes or mars the fullest enjoyment of broadcast reception. In tuning tbe human ear plays just ss Important a part as in operating a player piano, or, for that matter. In playing a good piano by hand. We all know that many a fine piano or player y piano has been made to sound by some' one with no ear for music. In such cases tbe person playing of operating the player instrument realty thought the music produced was beautiful. Today countless radio sets are meeting the same fate at the hands of their owners, and aad to relate, even storekeepers and their salesmen in many Instances hare no adequate conception of bow to rightly tune In the broadcast programs. Of course, there baa been a wonderful Improvement In the trade In this respect, and what I have stated and am about to state applies In greater and wider degree to tbe general public. What Affeeta Tuning. When we have come In radio to a reproduction of true vocal and instrumental tones what a pity that reception Is marred because many who tune In either are unable to Judge tone quality. .or else they want volume beyond the capacity of the number of tubes in operation. Even tubes have their limitations, and when distortion occurs, not only when inferior speakers are used, but when the more powerful ones are combined with sets, it Is usually the result of forcing the set to a greater extent than tbe tube in the last audio stage will stand. This forcing may be done intentionally, as in the case of dealers with loud speakers outside their stores who purposely force" the apparatus in order to obtain volume rather than tone quality, for attention only. In other words, such dealers sacrifice tone value for advertising value. There Is no doubt, though, that the raucous blasts emanating from many such outside loud speakers create a false Impression In the minds of some people, especially with those who have never had an opportunity of listening In under favorable conditions. Then there is the set owner who likes It loud and leaves his dials In such position that the loud tones come through so distorted that the result Is simply a maelstrom of noise. An exceedingly simple method to follow In tuning Is to adjust your set to the loudest notes of the orchestra so as to avoid distortion. Let me explain how this will work out. Supposing you had happened to tune In rt the moment when, according to the particular composition being played, an especially soft passage was being rendered, written, well say In musical parlance, pianissimo." Hearing the music coming in very softly granting that you were not an accomplished muslclnn you would turn up the volume control so as to bring the broadcast In louder. Even at that moment distortion may have set In, but because of the fact that the original music Itself was being played very softly you probably would pass It by unnoticed. Leaving the controls set In this fashion, what Is likely to happen In a few moments when a fortissimo, or very loud passage. Is reached by the orchestra? Recognizable distortion, Your ear tells you something Is wrong. You readjust the dials and soon If you have a good set and speaker you get real music. And If you know how to tune you will leave the dials set In this manner even though a few moments later the volume dies down to the faintest whisper." For unless something else Is wrong either at the broadcasting station or with your apparatus the score requires again the playing of soft music and you are getting It Just as thv person attending a concert would get it, namely, as written. I might call this tuning for tonal quality, as distinguished from the technical necessity of setting the dials ut the right position In order to bring In a particular station. Dont think for a jnoment that It requires an exceptional musical ear to tune for tonal quality In a proper manner. All of us are able to distinguish between noise and music particularly, as I have .explained, when that miracle known as sound pours from the speaker in Its tin-pann- V Premier Mussolini, dictator of Italy, inspecting Ids Black Shirts their salute ou the eighth anniversary of the Fascist party. In the Popolo square, Koine, and receiving Actual Photo of Evacuation of Nanking lliis photograph, just received from China and transmitted from San Francisco by telegraph Wjres, shows a scene during Hie evacuation of Nanking by tiie foreign residents, Immediately before tbo shelling of the Chinese inob by American and Eritisli gunboats. ALASKA LONGEST Oldest Naval Officer, Is N'auaiiluK, an ja.' i: . i girl he.oiigim: to a tribe in northern Alaska, who is the possessor of the. longest hair in Alaska. This belle' time and again has refused to have .her hair bobbed, although that fad has Invaded the Arctic. 100 Cupt. C. A. Sclietky, the oldest living American naval oliicer, recently celebrated his one hundredth birthday at his home in Hood ltiver. Ore. Above he Is seen receiving from Lieut. Com. 1. W. Northcroft a letter from Secretary of the Navy Wilbur. Captain. Schetky was a first lieutenant on the frigate! Constitution In 187C. TO WED FRENCHMAN Kicks and Complaints From Fans Radio fans all over the nation are flooding' members of the federal radio commission with an average of 750 letters per day full of kicks and praise. This photograph shows Judge Eugene o. Svkes of the commission with some of tbo mnllmnn's offerings I I rTTWasr ouder manifestations. W Some Other Considerations. with poor-oil- , poor gas or some one at the wheel who didn't understand how to run 1L Radio, by comparison, la simplicity Itself to operate, but, Mk everything else In this world of onra, It must be handled properly. Take the operation of one's taping In a dlstaut station. It would never do la most cases to leave tbe controls In the same position when switching back to a local station. . Distortion again. There must be readjustments for variations in power and characteristics of local stations. Let your ear be the guide in all cases. Any one can recognize a rattle in the loud speaker no doubt thats s high and loud note coming In with a tremendous bang tune It down until you know it's coming Id nicely; thats all there Is to this business of tuning for tone. Incidentally, the advice I give is not for the e radio fan who has been through the ropes, but for the average citizen desirous of getting the most out of his set Transformer-Couple- j j j j i i - . 4 - - wv, V vv " -- rjwj i r NOW Once again Champion reminds you that to enjoy maximum en gine performance dure ing the next twelve months you should install a complete new set of spark plugs now. d Cfaunpton I lk fcwttr itmrk plug bscautcofUa Audio Amplification JUmbU-ribbt- tilitmtw-I- k d cor. iit comtruetianaiul ill cioi amUjMU tlctrod. it. audio amplification, which for some time bowed to resistance and Impedance coupling, again takes up its position among the leaders. The reason la clear enough. Resistance and Impedence couplings were far superior. In quality of output, to the old transformer method, for which only very mediocre transformers were available. With the ady vent of many transformers. such as those of Facent, General Radio, Ferranti, Amertran, Samson, Thordarson, All American, etc., a return to popularity of the transformer-coupled amplifier was predicted, and this quickly proved to be the case, A short article, prepared by the technical staff of Radio Broadcast Magazine, has the following to amsay about the transformer-couple- d Transformer-couple- d Ckampkm X for. Font high-qualit- Silver-Marshal- Champion l, SparICPtugs Nl CalkmcTD Quick, safe, sure relief from painful callouses on tbo feet. Atoll plifier: The transformer-couple- d conventional amplifier consists of two stages. The overall amplification of such a system is generally around 300, and this Is sufficiently high to give loud speaker reproduction with a moderately strong signal available at the output of the detector. Tbe transformer-coupled system has the advantage that only two stages art required and can, therefore, be mads quite compact Tbe plate current consumption of such an amplifier is fairly low and only moderately high voltages are necessary on the first stage. The quality of the results obtained depends primarily upon the transformers usetj eqd, foe Ul reason, a certain shiount of care Is necessary in choosing the transformers that are to be Incorporated In such an amplifier. The transformer feeding out of the detector stage should have a primary impedance that is somewhat higher than is necessary for that transformer used in the second stage. The higher Impedance Is necessary in the transformer feeding out of the detector tube due to the fact that the detector plate circuit generally has a some- -' what higher impedance than the plate circuit of a tube URed as an amplifier. "If two transformers of different ratios are to be used, the rule Is almost o transinvariably to place the former In the second stage. For commercial reasons, most manufacturers put a fixed number of turns on the secondaries of their transformers Irrespective of the ratio required. The different ratio values are then obtained by winding on the necessary number of primary turns, this latter figure, of course, varying proportionally with the ratio. Thus, the lower the ratio, the greater the number of primary turns, and likewise, the greater the primary Impedance, Proper CT battery on the amplifier tubes Is absolutely essential If good quality Is to lie obtained. The C battery voltage on tbe first stage should not be higher than Is necessary to prevent overloading. Placing an unnecessarily high bias on the first tube Increases the plate Impedance of the tube, and It Is essential that the plate impedance be kept low. "If a 171 tube is used In tbe last C bias, we can stage with a impress signals on the grid of this tube width have a peak value up te 40 volts.( If the transformer has s rutio of 4 to 1, the peak value of the voltage in the primary will be 10 volts. If a 201 A tube Is used in the Interstage, we can obtain the value of peak voltage on its grid by dividing the voltage In the plate current, 10, by the amplification constant of the tube 8, which gives 1 volts. It follows then, that a C battery bias of V2 volts on the first tube will be sufficient to prevent overloading. low-rati- lndilNMW DlScholTs Zinopads Magnetic Checker Man , A recently devised checkerboard Is of metal and the men are mads with a piece of magnetized steel In them so that once placed they remain so until moved by hand. Thera can be no accidental movement The innovation is especially adapted for use 'on ship- board end trains, -- I1.I.IW 1 No Lamb ' lie Id face a dragon to win that girl.". She Yon meet her dad. Walt till you wtlL BelLAns Really Sure Relief Thousands of Testimonials From Doo-tors, Nurses and Dentists Say So. For correcting quickly relieving belching, gas, over-acidit- and y sick-headac- heartburn, nausea, biliousand other digestive disorders, BELL-ANhas been proved of great value for the past thirty years. Not a laxative but a tested Sure Relief for Indigestion. Perfectly harmless and pleasant to take. Send for free samples ness S to: Bell & Co., Inc., Orangeburg, N. Adv. I. In That Direction "They say money talks. Ch. Theres a lot of people want to hear from me. Explanation Called For Jake Why did Bill get married? Tim I dont know; he keeps right on working. Petrolt News. 40-vo- lt Naval Signals Mystify; Signal Strength Code g Miss Helen Cassia 'tirusi.. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Carus! and a popular member of the younger set in the national capital, whose en- gagement to Commandant Emmanuel Lombard, assistant military attache of the French embassy, has been an- nounced. The wedding will probably take place this summer. CHAMPIONS old-lin- Amateurs throughout the country Other considerations sometimes eh-- , are often somewhat mystified in pick-Indeter and proper tuning of the sort up nuvy rndio dispatches by read scribed is predicated upon a good rea certain station has been ceiver, a good speaker and good tubes. Ing that heard with a signul strength of 7,' Wrong combinations would, of course, be a good set and a poor speaker or u or fl, or some other numerical designation. For their benefit the following poor set and a' good speaker. Rut so Is the matter of tuning latest navy signal strength code li Impntant : xxO No signal heard. 1 properly that even a poor combination given not Heard but 2 readable. Just can be bettered by careful adjustment stronj of the dials, and controls. Every one enough to ho reud. 3 Weak. 4 Rather weak. 5 to 0 Fairly good. qualified to Judge knows of eases 7 Good and readable. where a good receiver has been comft Very strong. 10, 11 and !2 Too bined with a speaker of Inferior qualfor comfortable reading. strong wdth tiie set net the did result that ity yield true vocal and Instrumental Radio Invades India tones with no characteristic element A broadcasting company for India of beauty lacking.no unnatural quality has been organized under the name of added. 1 INSTALL People seem to expect performance t lie India n Broadcasting company with from radio that, under similar condi- tin authorized capital of $540.0X). The tions, (bey wouldn't have any hope of company Intends to establish a broad exacting from, say, a motor car. Tiie casting station In Bengal itd another fluest cat in Hie world would be a dad in Bomhity Gaily colored frocks this Spring t TJnderthlngs in soft shades to match. Tint them in ordinary water but with true dyes. Dipping will do It In ordinary cold water but you must have real dye to get a smooth, perfectly even tone. Diamond dye powder Is fifteen cents at any drug store; so wljy do half a Job with something not half so effective? And wheD you want the tint to be permanent, just dip in boiling water Instead of coldl ' Tbe druggist has color cards and simple directions for doing perfect dyeing of all sorts of material; silk or wool; linen, cotton goods; mixed goods, or any goods at all ; and exquisite tinting of dainty things. Or. send for a marvelous book of suggestions In full colors. Ask for Collar Craft ! Address DIAMOND DYES, Dept. N31, Burlington, Vermont. Diamond Dyes Dip to TINT Doll to DYE |