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Show THE SAUNA SUN. SAUNA. UTAH Taking the Profit Out of War Briefly, this board endeavored to mobilize the industries of America so that the fighting forces of the Allied and associated nations could draw from the United States the las't reservoir of men. materials and money the things needed for the winning of :he war at the time the things were needed and with the least dislocation of industry and the least disturbance of the civilian population. who i II By BERNARD M. BARUCH The W'ar Industries Board was organized like any other supervisory Reprinted frwm The Atlantic Monthly. committee, with a chairman, vice hairman, members in charge of activities, bureau chiefs and sub The February issue of the Atlantic for 1925 carried a paper by Mr. Sisley vrdinate workers. It surveyed and Huddleston dealing tnth the general subject of "taking the profit out of u ar," to arrange the whole industrial sought which Mr. Huddleston called "An American Plan for Peace." The war field under the plenary powers phrase was put into the language by the War Industries Board toward the conferred by the President and the close of the World War through its efforts to eliminate all war profits. Mr. Congress. How well it did this is a Huddleston's article came to the attention of Mr. Bernard M. Baruch, chairman of the War Industries Board and administrator of the non profit plan, story for others to telL Wbat it did s the basis of the plan I am here and (as he writes us), since it seemed to indicate a growing interest in the drawing. idea, induced him to invoke practical means to bring about a full compreIt was comparatively hension of taking the profit out of war in the various great countries of the easy to fix world. To this end he responded to a suggestion of Mr. Owen D. Young, of prices and to distribute materials, and the Page School of International Relations at Johns Hopkins University, that mdeed to stabilize the wages of labor he establish a course of lectures there to expound the War Industries Board n those industries in which prices plan in detail. Later he will proceed to make similar arrangements at leading were fixed. The labor situation, how-iveuniversities in Great Britain, France. Germany, Italy, and Japan. Agreeing became Increasingly difficult, with Mr. Baruch that the subject calls for public knowledge and discussion, when General Crowder particularly it was natural for the Atlantic to turn to him for the following paper. Tuft found it necessary to withdraw men Editobs of Tub Atlantic Monthly. for the proposed campaign of 1919 1 Page School of International Rela- after 4,000,000 soldiers had already correThe War was once described as Prus- tions, and the writer. been taken. spondence resulted in the establishstas most profitable industry. Much has been said about the profi; It needs only a scant examination of ment of lectures at the Page School teering of labor. It is an unjust accuon this sation. It is University) fair to say that this history to learn that other countries (of Johns Hopkins the Atlantic Month- condition wasonly were open to the same indictment. theme Previously primarily brought about HuddleThe methods of the Robber Barons ly printed an article by Sisley the inexperience of the organthrough did not pass with the end of feudal- ston, who pointed out that Europe saw ization within our own governmental in the ism. Annexation by conquest did not great strides toward peacedepartments and by the furious- bidthe of idea American profit ding of munitions makers and taking cease. But when America entered the ship ' World War President Wilson fathered out of war" in a systematic way. His builders for services. That situation, the a doctrine that shall always govern basic reference was to the plan of together with the Increased prices of the things that labor had to buy with us that never a foot of territory War Industries Board The resources of a country might the results of its work, made' it ineviwould be added to our boundaries by .(1) be referred to as the five M's: table that labor must get higher force. (3) mainman (2) money; power; lead wages. So, as America has taken the (4) material re tenance or food: So it became evident that the toward making impossible national sources raw materials, (including fixing program had to go even furprofit through war, it too may be transportaAmerica's privilege to point the way manufacturing facilities, ther, and the War Industries Board, tion. fuel and power); and (5) morale when the Armistice came, was proIndividual toward making impossible the first The intelligence with which with a campaign to fix the ceeding profit through war. To take the profit four are directed and as of all the basic things that laout of war is to take a long step toprices the fifth, a whole will determine the bor had to buy. Some had previously ward creating an economic detestamorale of the community. fixed. I speak of labor In a much been tion of war. The experience of the In the w'ar emergency it early beUnited States in the World W'ar af came evident to those who were broader sense than nianual labor, for white colthe unorganized fords a basis for the belief that the charged with the responsibility of plan herein discussed is practical. In mobilizing the resources that there lar" part of our community clerks, teachers, government employees, profact, it Is more than a belief it is a was a just sentiment among the peoto meet certainty, although not widely known. ple against profiteering. Profiteering fessional men were less able The world is such a busy place, and might be willful and profit making the situation than labor In the narrower sense. For the protection and the radius of human activity has been might be involuntary; but. whatever relief of such groups certain plans so greatly enlarged because of modern its a form, there was just determinainventions, that it is not strange that tion it should cease. So it became were devised. To Illustrate conthere are but few people who are where the supOne of them provided that manufacnecessary to fix versant with what was quietly but ply was limited. prices turers, jobbers and retailers of shoes couneffectively taking place in this Wherever the government created a could make and sell shoes only of a try in the mobilization and use of its shortage by Us demands, prices were specified quality at a fixed price, efmaterial resources in the World W'ar fixed, not only for the Army, Navy and fective July, 1919. No one who did a process that would have eventualthe Allies, but for the civilian popula- not have a card of the Wrar Industries all eliminated ly improper profits. tion as well. And in addition to price Board in his window could sell shoes, Strength is given to the public ad- - fixing on war essentials (such as steel and only the standardized shoes could vocacy of industrial mobilzation made wool, copper, and so forth), the bal- be sold. No jobber or manufacturer by both President Harding and Presi- ance, after the war program had been would sell shoes to anybody who did dent Coolidge Mr. Coolidge as re- filled, was rationed or distributed acnot have card. this The shoes were Omaha In his cently as last October cording to the priority needs of the to be stamped Class A, B or C and had American to by the Legion In speech other to be of the various civilian demands. quality prescribed and the fact that the plan they advocated words, where the price of the product sold at the price fixed. The country as a part of the regular national war of an fixed was that industry was so organized in every district that industry agencies had once been set up and had to deliver the part which the gov- there could be Immediately- - reported successfully operated under the War ernment did not need to the civilian to the name of any shoe Washington Industries Board. population, not in the way the indus- retailer who did not carry out the regrecent the Presidents Preceding try chose, but as the government d ulations of the War Industries Board clear exposition of this subject, some rected. as to price and quality. Through redegree of public interest had been enIt must be remembered that when strictions on his labor, money, raw begendered by an exchange of letters the war came there was no adequate mantween Owen D. Young (of Dawes plan preparation. Indeed, it. is doubted by materials and transportation no would ufacturer have been permitted fame), in behalf of the Walter Hines thd best authorities whether any ef to sell to any dealer violating the regfective form of preparation then ulations. The Armistice stopped the J 4 5 $ $ 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 known would have been of much avail execution of this plan. 4 4 in view of the widespread and engulf4 Another plan of this nature: The of lack and war the the of results ing manufacturers of mens and women's knowledge of the various instruments had in 1918 been callof destruction which were being de- wearing apparel vised and which it became necessary ed to Washington, together with the retailers of various goods, and notified to combat. be Our own Army had several divisions that regulations would have to in and to made retail prices regard competing one with another for mate standardization of clothing. dais, transportation, housing, and so The the board were made forth. On top of that there prevailed known rulings bythe issuance of official Formerly tlie through the demands of the Shipping Board, bulletins at irregular intervals and 4 4 Grease Pot. with the slogan that ships would win were distributed by the press, widely the war, and of the Food Administra which 4 in this most necestion, with the slogan that food would work with a pursary win the war. Further, there was the STEEL DRAIN RACK to the orders of the that pose gave 4 Railroad Administration with its need War Industries Board the Instant and 4 for material and labor, and finally broad circulation they required. Have your car drained, there was the feverish quest for labor 4 Mr. Hoover already was doing much cleaned and filled with 4 and supplies on the part of the muni to perfect his control of food products, lion makers all competing for labor, and 4 prices. There was also talk of money, materials, transportation, fuel, fixing rents, and in some cities this TEXACO OILS. . power, and each insisting on the was done. 4 greater importance of its activity All If we were to start, in the event of this while the labor supply was. being 4 another war, at the place where we lessened by the flow of men into the were 4 1 when the World War industrially 4 Army. ended, the President, acting through While an endeavor was being made an agency similar to the War Industo bring order out of chaos, the great 4 tries Board, would have the right to Proprietor undertaking had to go on. Men, ships, fix prices of all things as of a date munitions, food, material, had to be previous to the declaration of war provided. Old organizations, bureaus when there was a fair peace time rela4M4H44,4,4,4,'H4,44,4,4,,lMHMt,4Mlv and traditions had to be met and tionship among the various activities changed, but not destroyed until the of the nation. It would be illegal to new was set up. The wonder of it all fir 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 I 4" 4 buy, sell, serve or rent at any other 4 4 4-- 4 4 4 4 i3, not that there were so many mis- than these prices. Brakes would be 4 4 takes, but that so much was accom- applied t 4 every agency of inflation 4 plished. 4 before the hurtful process started. An At the time we entered the war intelligent control of the flow of men, were at their peak, and tending money and materials would he 1m 4 prices 4 YOU WE TREAT 4 higher because of the wars insatiable posed. Instead of having the Mind pan 4 4 4 RIGHT The problem was not alone ic heretofore ensuing onthe first ap4 i1 demands. to secure the materials and labor and pearance of the frantic demands of ' 4 BOTH DAY AND 4 to stop the confusion, but to do it in war. The Draft Board would have be4 4 ' such a way that the morale of the peo- fore it the rulings of the priority com NIGHT, ple would be maintained. The prices rnittee, together with the estimated 4 4 We cause no grief nor 44 of some things, like steel and copper needs of every business and profes4 were fixed far heiow prevailing rates, sion In Its relationship to the conduct pain. and the wages of labor In those indus- of the war. and men would be select4 Eat till you fill and pay 44 tries were standardized. The more ed accordingly. The Draft Board 4 an industry, the could more 4 highly organized bill decide, with intelligently your 4 4 easier it was to arrange. Order did the advice of the priority committee, 4 44 And CALL AGAIN 4 not commence to appear until the many of the problems with which it 4 44 tunneled its needs through one would he faced at the , There would be no 4 ArnTy 44 man sitting with a section of the War sending of men to the trenches who 44 4 Industries Board and until the Navy, were needed for expert Industrial war 4 4 Shipping Board, Allies and Railroad work and then bringing them back 44 4 Administration did likewise. Each de4 again. Businesses not necessary to 4 Its requirements thp 4 partment satisfied 4 winning of the war would die cur4 4 through a central authoritative body. tailed The Draft Board would have 4 4 4 Tiiis was called the War Industries that Information before it. 44 4 Board, controlling and directing ail 4 4 The prices of all things being fixed, through 4 materials and 44 4 Its chairman the whole system of gov- the price fixing committee would make as was 4 ernmental and civilian supply and de- any necessary adjustments, Proprietor 44 mand. It was created by executive done during the war. Under the sys4 4 4 tem used in 1918 these prices were 4444'H444444444444444444 order in March of the year 1918. made public and adjusted every three s A- - j FREE first-quote- Offer ill If will put the E.'sy Washef in home.scnd a demonstrator, and do a week's washing without charge and without any obligation. We will give you every opportunity to try the Easy yourself and see what it is like. If vou want to keep it, you can place a small deposit on the machine and pav for it as vou use it, in monthly amounts that any family can afford. Dont go on slaving over a washboard without at least finding out what the Easy will do for you and how easy it is to own one. WE Wr! Tlie On account of failure to make deliveries we are extending our March terms until the Night of April 10th. pre ACT NOW $1.00 Down, Balance 2 yrs. d Telluride Power Co. I Star Service Station t ; whole-hearte- ! ' Jas. P. -- laiassai -- Why Not? I , Main Cafe J. F. Martin months, so that any consumer or producer had his day in court when he considered prices unfair. Those who complained that during the war prices were too high had this ready recourse to hand. In the meantime all the Industries of the country would have been mobilized by the formation of committees representative of each industry as was done In the World War. Over them would be placed a government director or commodity chief. The various government departments would ap- the clutch in. OBSERVANCE OF RULES 6 Be sure PREVENT WILL ACCIDENTS well-know- point committees representing their requirements, so that on one committee the resources of the nation would be represented- ami oh the other the demands of the government. The government director would stand between to decide, in conjunction with the priority committee, to what department supplies should go. Money would be controlled and directed like any other resource.- Takf lng the profit out of war Is not with "conscription of synonymous wealth, as it is sometimes regarded. The latter is a theoretical project, prohibited by our Constitution, contrary to the spirit of our social and political Institutions, and Impossible in practice. Taking the profit out of war is an orderly and scientific development of the economics and conduct of modern war, necessary to the effective mobilization of national resources and indispensable to equalizing the burdens of war among the armed and Fite-ston- - - civilian population. Born of right-of-w- expe- 1 rience and proved by practice, it removes some of the most destructive concomitants of modern war the confusion and waste Incident to war time duction sp'-p- par-fe- well-line- inflation. This term conscription of wealth, used by so many, has created a hope among those of socialistic tendencies, and a fear among those who, like me, believe In our system based upon personal Initiative and reward, of a taking of money, without payment, for the use of State. Neither the hope nor the fear is justified by the recommendation herein contained or by our experience in the war. The use of money should be controlled and diA rected In a national emergency. man should no more be permitted to use his money as be wishes than he should be- - permitted to use the pro- Making traffic safe for all is more a matter of the Dos than the n Donts, according to a Too often Gunnison business man. the emphasis is placed on what motorists should not do, rather than what they should do, he said. This statement was made by Martin Peterson of Martin Peterson e Auto Co., local dealer for the & Tire Rubber Co. In addition, Mr. Peterson gave what be believes to be six fundamental lules of safe driving under present conditions of heavy traffic: 1 Keep to the right side of the sura the way is clear before be road; a car ahead and sound around going your bon before passing. 2 Always signal to drivers following you when preparing to stop or to turn right or left. Remember the most dangerous turn is the left ay turn. Be sure you have the and a clear road, front ami back. when making this tuin. 3 Have your lights well focused. Poor lights do not show you the road and glaring lights blind oncoming jnotorists either is hazardous to both parties. laws for the Observe all ami for of others your own safety safety. 5 Be sure your brakes ate in order. They must be tight and equally effective on each On slippery wheel. roads, apply brakes without throwing out your clutch. This also applies in doseend-- i ing hills. Always make the motor help hold back the car by leaving I et d, you have the right tiie make to equipment your brakes take immediate effect. Balloons are the best solution here and the more flexin ble they are, the better will comTread and get. you design pleteness of road contact are all important. brake-actio- FARM POWER TESTS Other operations which it is planned to test are farm shop equipment, ford mixing, silo filling, hay hoist, fertilizer mixer, sewing machine, electric incubator, electric brooder, and apple grader. The work is being conducted by the experiment station, in cooperation with the state and natjona! cotn- Ten farms in New Ilampshite have been selected for agricultural expet stations to try out elect t if for fat in power purposes. Among the types of equipment on which data is being obtained ate dairy electric reft igeration, milk eooh't.s, water supply, house lights, barn and poultry house lghts, range, wa bin J machine, dish washer, flat iron, vacuum cleaner, water heater, ctenm bo!,o. separator, milking machine, wvshe.r, house refrigeration, mittees on the relation of electric ity to agriculture, and is being cariied on for the benefit of the New JEngl-maiea. ica-ti- The Indon zoo has procured a leal white elephant fromTndia. We supposed that Great Britain had enough white elephants on its hands without importing any. of his mine, mill or factory except through the general supervis- ing agency. This was being done ward the end of the war. to- During the final phase of the World no man or corporation or institu tion could raise money without the approval of the Capital Issues Committee of the Treasury Department, which committee in turn would not permit the borrowing of money unless the War Industries Board approved the use to which it was to be put. Thus the City of New York was not permitted to spend $8,000,000 for the building of schools. The City of Philadelphia was prevented from makiDg improvements that in peace time would have been neressary. but In war time were not. Various states, countips and cities, and a vast number of prl vate concerns, were denied the use of money and materials for purposes not necessary for the winning of the war. Each part of the community had to adjust its wants to the whole great War undertaking. (CONCLUDED Butter Sun office. NEXT WEEK) Wrappers printbd at Quick service. II Celebrated Medicine Has Become Talk Of The Town Vast Numbers Here Arc Benefited. has fully restored them to their normal healthy condition; they have regained their weight and strength and feel like their old selves again. Still others, who seemed I airly well, yet who suffered with indigessluggish liver tion, constipation, as well and stomach; sour, gassy Kamak, the remarkable as those who complained of waknew medicine, is producing ing up dull and tired eyes heavy results head aching and dizzy tongue phenomenal coated bad taste ' and offensive sensation a become has it that breath, state that they nave been here. relieved of these distressentirely Never before has any medicine and restored to symptoms ing brought forth such overwhelming health ami happiness through the outbursts of praise from happy use of Karnak. people made well and strong Karnak is unquestionably the through its use; as Karnak. Vast greatest medicine of all times. are local of every numbers people It is fast coming into universal day reporting phenomenal return use and recognized by authorienof the;r strength and ties as the greatest boon to sufergy and quick relief from their fering humanity the world has it. Hi'icring after taking ever known. of all ages, in Men and won-mOver TiOO.OOO bottles of Karnak with life afflicted all wallm of sold in four states in ten months, stomach, liver or kidney disorders Karnak is sold in Salina exclusome of them weak, thin ami mrv-ouon ihe verge of sively by Levvi-- j Drug Co., and by and appn'-entlcollapse, have testified that Karasik leading diuggists in every town, such old-tim- e s . |