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Show THE SAUNA SUN. SAUNA, UTAH OlilE O p KAfi Every Mei American LEGION (Copy for This Department Supplied by the American Legion News Service.) HE IS RE-ELECTE- D OVER HIS PROTEST E. P. Armstrong, national vice commander of the American Legion, Is of the type of men which believes In getting tilings done. And he believes that the way to get things done is, forsooth, to go and do them. It is that driving power which has carried him fries sammawder .of.. his to commander of post to a over his department, to a his protest, to a choice as national vice commander of the Legion. Those who have been closely associated with him In his home department of Connecticut, who have seen him work and observed the enthusiastic, compelling way in which he works, say that in Connecticut every Legionnaire loves him. In four years of I.egion work Armstrong has given largely of his time and energy and services to the cause of bettering the lot of men who returned from the war as physical wrecks. After he had been drafted as commander of Corporal post at Waterbury in 1922, he made the care of the disabled his first concern. Conditions were bad then and were complicated by serious unemployment. With others, Armstrong helped to find Jobs for 1,000 Jobless veterans. He found time In the midst of this activity to make his post the largest in SCOTT WATSON NEW chapter is about to lie wrlt-te- n 4 In our Indian history not In ' terms of armed warfare, as it was in the old days, but In terms of T court litigation, the results of ' which may be more than were those of any Indian war ever fought on tills continent. For the Ioncas, the Iroquois, the Cherokees and the Sioux are going Into the white mans courts to seek restitution for having been illegally deprived of their ancestral lands. Up until recent times Indians could not sue the United States except by permission obtained through a special act of congress. Legislation passed during t he last four years, however, has removed this barrier. Now the red man is to have his day In court the United States Court of Claims. In many respects the case of the Ioncns Is the most Interesting of them all. It recalls another legal battle in which this tribe figured nearly a half century ago, at a time when the red man was more accustomed to attempt to right his wrongs with the hatchet and the scalping knife than with writs, appeuls and court orders. In 1877 the government decided to remove the Ioncas from their homes In Nebraska to Indian Territory because t he reservation continued to them by treaty hud been Included In land granted to the Sioux. Despite the protests of Standing Lear, t leading chief, he and nine others were taken soutli to select a reservation and when they declined to do lids, their request to be returned to Nebraska was refused. So with only n blanket apiece and a few dollars In their possession they started back on foot. It took them 40 days to cover the 500 miles and when they arrived they found that oilicials of the Indian department had called upon the military for aid In removing their tribesmen. So the Poncas, losing hope, abandoned their homes and went to Indian Territory. The change of climate brought great suffering; within a year a third of the tribe had died among them a son of Chief Standing Lear and the survivors were 111 or disabled. Standing Lear decided that Ids' son must be burled in the land of Ids futhers. In defiance of orders from the government, he, accompanied by a few followers, set out for Nebraska In January, 1879, bearing the bones of his son for burial In the North. In March, the party, dressed In rags and almost stnrving. arrived at the Omaha Indian reservation, where they asked the Omahas for the loan of seed and land. Lut when they were about to" put In a crop, soldiers appeared with orders to return them to Indian Territory. Again they were started back to the hated reservation In the South. While camped near Omaha, the chief was interviewed by T. 11. Tibbies, a correspondent for an Omaha newspaper. Ills story of the wrongs of the Poncas resulted In two Omaha lawyers offering their services to the Indians nnd suing out a writ of habeas corpus In their behalf. The government denied the right of the prisoners to such a writ but In April Judge Dundy ruled that an Indian Is a' person within the meaning of thr law, and ordered the Poncas released. The next winter Standing Lear, accompanied b,f Tibbies and Susette La Flesche, an educated woman of the Omahu tribe, as Interpreters, went on a tour of the East to tell the story of his people. He attracted national attention nnd sympathy. The President and other government officials were Hooded with protests and In 1S80 the senate appointed a committee to investigate the case. As a result the Poncas, who chose to remain in Indian Territory, were given better lands, those who had lost property were puld for It and Standing Lear was granted a home near the village site of his ancestors, where he remained until the day of his the state. ELMO in 1908. Now the Oklahoma Poncas are suing the government for approximately $11 .0 K),000, the value of the land In Nebraska nnd South Dakota which t hey maintain was taken from them forcibly at the time of their removal to Indian Territory. They affirm further that there was no agreement with them when late In the 80s President Benjamin Harrison declared their title to that land extinguished. The territory in question includes some 18 townships, covering live or six counties in Nebraska, nnd extending as fur as the Black Hills. The Sioux are asking even more from Uncle Sam. They are bringing action for an aggregate of 5219,000,000, which, with Interest accrued, brings the total up to the staggering sum of three-quarteof n billion of dollars, making It probably the targest juuount ever asked In any suit ever filed it around Keep it after every meaL Give the family the benefit of its aid to digestion. Cleans too. in f Costs teeth always the house. much little-hel- ps ami Looking Forward Believing that tbe early bird gets the worm a man inserted the following advertisement in the Cincinnati Enquirer: Electrical Men Will you need an engineer in a few years? I have been electrical engineering at studying night and will finish in two years. New York World. To Have a Clear, Sweet Skin Touch pimples, redness, roughness or Itching, if any, with Cuticura Ointment, then bathe. with Cuticura Soap nnd hot water. Rinse, dry gently and .dust on a little Cuticura Talcum to leave a fascinating fragrance on skin. Everywhere 25c each. Advertisement. Stunning Producer That dress looks more suitable for revue than domestic Armstrong organized a band. started a post news- drama. lie Legion paper. He aided materially In secur- Leading Lady Quite so but when the detective accuses me of hiding something from him its got to make the audience gasp ! g death Pass If Youre Hard On Shoes In tills country. The biggest Item In the bill Is lor $150,000,000 In puyment for the Black Hills und surrounding territory taken from them by armed force, they assert, in 1S74 nnd 1875. They are demanding payment at the rate of only $100 an acre for the lands of the gold-bearin- g region, although included in it is the famous Home-stak- e mine which lias produced hundreds of millions of dollars in gold. They also set a price of $50 an acre on the timbered nreas, now Included In the federal forest reserve. They sny, nnd historians bear them out, that the government shamelessly violated the treaties of 1S50 and 1SC8 and when their power was broken In the War of 1870-7they were deprived of their horses and other property for which they have never been repaid. The Iroquois are preparing to come Into court with an older claim and one which may become even greater than that of the Sioux and Poncas combined. The first suit which they will file will be for a small amount. But if this test case Is successful, they will follow It up with others Involving lands comprising almost half of the stale of New York and valued at $3, 000, (MX), 000 They assert that 3, 0(M), 000,000 acres of land in the Empire state rightfully belongs to them and although they have not yet decided who the defendant In the suits is to be, It probably wdll be the commonwealth of New York, rather than the United States, since It was that state, according to their claims, that tricked them out of their lands. The case of the Iroquois goes back nearly 150 years to the time when Sir William Johnson, an Irishman who settled in the Mohawk valley, was superintendent of Indian affairs in North America for his majesty, the king of England. Johnson Is the greatest figure In early colonial history, not even excepting George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, lie was the one man whom nil t he Indians respected and trusted for he never broke bis word to them. This was especially true of the great New York Iroquois confederacy or the League of the Six Nations Mohawk, Onondaga, Cayuga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora. Part of his influence was due to the fact that he married Molly Brant, the sister of Joseph Brant, the great war chief of the Mohawks, who was Johnsons assistant In the conduct of Indian affairs. From the beginning of white occupation on tills continent, the Iroquois Confederacy wus recognized ns an Independent nation and treated on terms of equality by every European power that had any dealings with It. It was so regarded In 17G8 when Sir William Johnson and four other representatives of Great Britain nnd six representatives of the Iroquois made treaty at Fort Stanwlx (on the present site of Borne, N. Y.) and signed a deed establishing the eastern boundary of the Iroquois territory. This boundary, known ns Sir William Johnsons Line or the Line of Property, confirmed the Iroquois In their possession of the western half of New' Y'ork and restricted the colonists to the eastern half. Sir William, who had foreseen the Inevitable conflict between the colonies and the mother country and who hud labored to hold the Six Nations neutral when war came, died In 1774. When the war broke out the Oneldas and about half of the Tuscaroras took the part of the Americans. The other nations went to the British. The Iroquois confederacy was broken up. In 1784 the federal government signed a peace treaty with the Six Nations at Fort Stanwlx establishing a western boundary to their lands. They gave up their claims to territory In Ohio but retained the country from I.ake Ontario south to Pennsylvania and their rights within these boun 7, 1 daries were confirmed, with specific mention being made of the Oneldas and the Tuscaroras. Soon afterwards Governor Clinton of New York opened negotiations with the Cayugas and within five years had secured a cession. In the meantime the Otiondagas had disposed of some of their lnnds to Individual purchasers. They were toid that this was Illegal and that the remedy was for them to cede all their lands to the state. This they did, retaining only a small tract for a reservation. The same practice was carried out with the Oneldas and the others until virtually all of the lands of the Six Nations were In possession of tie state of New York. In 1790 a delegation, headed by Corn Planter, the great orator of the Senecas, went to Philadelphia to see President Washington about these deullngs. Corn Planter made an eloquent appeal for redress of their wrongs and Washington promised the Indians that Justice should be done to them. These promises were never made good by Washingtons successors and the Iroquois are now seeking restitution. They are basing their claims on Sir William Johnsons treaty of 1708, which they say was reaffirmed by the federal government treating with the Iroquois as an Independent nation at the Fort Stanwlx treaty In 1784. The cessions to New York were Illegal, they contend, because Governor Clinton negotiated with the Otiondagas, the Oneldas and the Cayugas as Individual nations and not with the Iroquois confederacy as a whole. More than that, these cessions were not sanctioned by the federal government of the United States and they quote Washingtons words to Corn Planter: Here, then, is the security for the remainder of your lands; no state nor person can purchase your lands except at a general treaty held under the authority of the United States. The case of the Cherokees is another in which a state rather than the United States probably will be the defendant. They are claiming some 5,000,-00- 0 acres of land In eastern Tennessee, Including the important city of Chattanooga nnd the rich farming lands which surround it. Tennessee was once a part of North Carolina nnd the Indians claim Is based primarily upon a section of the North Carolina code of 1783 which laid down very definite boundaries for a certain tract of land and stated that the lands contained in the aforesaid bounds shuil be reserved to the said Cherokee Indians and their nation forever, anything hereinbe- fore to the contrary notwithstanding. In 1828 the state of Tennessee made a treaty with the Cherokees, known as the Ocoee Purchase, by which the Indians surrendered their lands and agreed to go to Indian Territory. A part of the tribe refused to move, however, and fled to the fastnesses of the Greut Smoky mountains, where their descendants still live. It Is this part of the tribe that Is about to bring suit for compensation for the 5,000,0t)0-acrtract mentioned, another tract of 040 acres In the Moccasin Bend, which they assert was set aside as a reservation for them under treaty made with Andrew Jackson in 1817, e and Intert amounting to approximately $100,-000,00- 0. era In Indian affairs is dawning In the United States. The old era ended when the lust Indian war ended, as had all others. In defeat for the red man and triumph for the white man. That marked the end of But the recent legislation has created a new Indian. So a new He Is and It looks now ns though he were going to be as troublesome fo( his white brother as was Ids painted and war-bo- a neted ancestors of an earlier day. Try USKIDE SOLES E. P. Armstrong. lng a Legion home for service men at Waterbury, worth $100,000. Then he was elected department commander. He took a leave of absence from the ScovllI Manufacturing company to devote himself exclusively to Legion work. Great strides In helping the disabled In Connecticut were made under his inspiration and guidance. He organized 14 new posts and brought his to second department from forty-fift- h in percentage of membership gain over the preceding year. He made a speaking tour of the state on behalf of the Legion program, delivering from one to four speeches dally for forty-fiv- e days. Then after three nights of rest, he was off again, this time on a seventy-two-day schedule. He visited every post In his department and a number of cities where posts were being organized. At the annual department convention last fall Armstrong was He had made strenuous protest But the delegates staged a demonstra-tlon for him In Wild West style and put him back In Ills job. At the national convention In St. Paal in 1924 he was chosen as one of the live national vice commanders. He resigned as department commander in order to devote himself to his work In the national field. Arid now he Is busy again with his work for the disabled, devoting himself to the American Legion endowment fund for the disabled and the orphans of tbe war. The Wonder Sole for Wear Mfwm twice as long am best leather I and for a Betfer feel Realm (.S. SPRING-STEUnited States Rubber Company P , 1 Subject Announced for National Essay Contest The subject of the American Legion national essay contest for 1925 for American school children was announced recently by national headquarters of the Legion at Indianapolis. The subject Is; Why has the American Legion, an organization of veterans of the World war, dedicated Itself, first of all, to uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of America? The contest Is open to all boys and girls between the ages of twelve and eighteen. Inclusive. Prizes of $750, $500 and $250 foi first, second and third places, respectively, have been offered. The cash prizes shall be used only for scholar ships In recognized colleges to be chosen by the winners. Medals are also given to winners. State and county school officials will with the Legion In conducting the contest. Dont take Kalsomine instead of To get Alabastine results you must use Alabastine, which always comes in the package with the cross and circle printed in red. Alabastine is the best wall coating for homes and public buildings. Ask your dealer for color chart or write Miss Ruby Brandon, the Alabastine Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Alabastine is a dry powder in white and tints, ready for use by mixing with cold or warm wster. F ull directions on every package. Apply with an ordinary wall brush. Suitable for ell interior surfaces plaster, wall board, brick, cement or canvas. Properly applied it wont rub of I for the Perfection of Your Complexion ere This pur all discoloration, blemish, patches, pimple etc., end produce a oft fcia and creamy ecmpieiioo. At drug or dept store or by aull prepcfcl.tl.2& Snd for free Beauty Booklet. Afeote wanted. ML C. H. frCfrfrY CO., W. N. U., f 7f CIWCA mUMeam Salt Lake City, No. 17-19- 25. |