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Show THE SAUNA SUN, S ALIN A, UTAH SUFFERED SINCE YOUIIG GIRL Words Failed to Express Benefit Received from Lydia E. Finkhams EXPRESS CITIZENS REGRET AT DEMONSTRATION IN CITY OF TOKIO ROM NE NIT I artificial fake extends upbtseom about 13 miles i its av&iags width v,U be about three quarters of a mils. 77?3 Vegetable Compound olitical Ruffians TJe Possession of Dance Hall and Humiliate Americans on Floor; Many Women Faint Win plse Tbe dam or spillway section is 3U50 feet long, 95 feet high from river bed, 140 feet from bottom of foundation to operating bridge, and Is 105 feet thick et base. with Fads Mtonh ike , Beyond expressions of Tokyo profound regret from prominent Japanese there has not yet been any tangible aftermath of the demonstration at the Imperial hotel, when a band of thirty political ruffians raided a dance to solidify national sentiment against the American exclusion act. No arrests have been made, although the police say they are investigating. The chief of police expressed chagrin and embarrassment. It isr learned that the demonstration was the combined effort of two groups, who, it is alleged, met outside the hotel bent on the same purpose of shaming Japanese dancers for mixing with foreigners, which certain classes of Japanese have condemned for some time. One group belonged to the Great Forward Iron the other to the Heart society. The Japanese newspapers quote the demonstrators as saying that their chief purpose was not to insult foreigners, but to shame . -- of Government nitrate pifntS land are about one mi '? inland from river. Nos. "Alison Dam Muscle Shoals Dam No. largest dam in the world 2, built by War Department. The cs it will appear v. hen completed in 1925. Insert: Map shows relative location of dams and locks. n plant. By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN SI,E SHOALS, an enormous hydraulic power and navigation development In process of construction by the United States government on the Tennessee river in northern Alabama, is n subject of nation-wid- e discussion by the American people. Various circumstances have combined to fix popular attention upon these government-owned properties, tbe worlds largest hydraulic development. Americas entrance Into the World war In 1917 found us dependent upon Civile for nitrates with which to manufacture explosives. Nitrates can be taken from tbe nitrogen In the air. The power and tbe facilities for the manufacture Hence of an adequate supply were not available. the federal government decided to construct u nitrate plant of Its own. Muscle Shoals was selected as the site because It hud ample wuter power, wus convenient to the raw materials, coal und limestone, and was secure from u military viewpoint. Work was begun at Muscle Slmals in July of 1918. At the signing of the armistice In November of 1918 n steam-powe- r nitrate plant had been practically completed. Wilson I lain, however, hail been barely begun. Congress decided to complete Wilson Dam and It will be ready to deliver Its power some time In 1993. Muscle Shoals did not become useless nt the signing of the armistice. On the contrary It pos-- " sesses great peace-timIt can be possibilities. made a source of two of tbe most Important factors In our Industrial development electricity and nitrogen compounds. The uses of electrical power are almost limitless. Nitrogen compounds can be made Into either explosives or fertilizer, the preliminary stages of manufacture being the same. Completion of the Muscle Slmals project will also greatly Increase the navigability of tbe Tennessee river. During tbe last two yenrs several offers have been made to the War department for part or all of the Muscle Shoals properties. Tbe secretary of war referred these offers to congress with the request for legislation covering the situation. Muscle Shoals Project in Detail. e President Coolidge, In a message to congress r 0, r'93, recommended that the properties he sold, subject to the light of the government to retake them In time of war and with a covenant that experimentation for the manufacture of fertilizers be carried on to success, lie recommended that congress consider offers, conduct negotiations und report definite recommendations. This article, however, is solely for the purpose of giving the outstanding facts in connection with the physical aspects of the Muscle Slmals development. Other phases of the complicated situation ure purposely Ignored. works nt Muscle Shoals The strictly war-timare far from representing all of the present undertakings, existing and proposed. If present plana are carried out, the complete development comprises the following: Dum No. 1 This Is a small navigation dam to be erected at Florence, two miles below the Wilson Dum. Its estimated cost Is $1,400,000. Its construction is not yet approved. It Is to contain a navigation lock and will provide sullicicnt deptli of to the Wilson Dam. From Florwater ence to the Ohio, a distance of 957 miles, there is clmnncl. to be a six-foDam No. 2 This Is the Wilson Dam, elsewhere described In detail. It will develop power and is provided with navigation locks. Its final cost Is estimated nt $51,000,000. Dam No. 3 Tills Is a proposed power and navigation dam, located 18 miles above Wilson Dam. Its construction is not yet approved. It would raise the water In the river 40 feet and permit navigation a further distance up stream for about 65 miles. It would supply power to a maximum of 250,000 horsepovv er. This dam would be even longer than tbe Wilson Dam, but not so high. Its estimated cost Is $25,000,000. Nitrate Plant No. 1 This Is a relatively small nitrate plant built In 1917 for experimental purposes at a cost of $10,000,000. Nitrate Plant No. 2 This is a large nitrate plant built to supply nitrates for explosives during the wur. Its total cost. Including a steam plant and a limestone quarry at Waco, was about $60,000,000. . Villages In connection with Nitrate Plants Nos. 1 and 2 complete villages for workers were built. Plant No. 2 covers a site consisting of 2,300 acres of land. It consists of six separate plants for the various chemical processes and there are In addition ISC permanent houses, with electric lights, sewers and water supply; one hotel with 100 rooms, furnished with all modern Improvements; 12 miles of Improved roads; 37 miles of standard- x 100,000-horsepow- er . gauge lallroad; 20 mi'es of sewers; 16 miles of domestic and tire water supply; a 60,0tK),i)M)-guIloreservoir with p imping lant and filter, and an Ice t horse-pow- TburiyvesWpatjrus waters during norma periods Tennessee ftivor. ste fbwer bouse 1350 feet long, i60 feet wide and 134 feet high, initial power install" ation 100,000 generators Ultimata power installation COO, OOO horse power. Gorges Steam Power Plant In order to obtain power for construction work and for operation of tbe nitrate plant while its main power supply was still unavailable, a 4t,i!' generating plant was erected on the property of tbe Alabama Power company at floigas, Ala., 88 miles away, and connected with Muscle Shoals by a long transmission line. This plant Is not an Integral portion of the Muscle Slmals development. It was, therefore, sold to the Alabama Power company under nn agreement made with that compuny at the time It was erected Largest Dam In the World. The Illustration given herewith suggests outstanding features of Wilson Darn. The Inserted map allows the relative positions of the three dams. The navigation part of the Muscle Shoals project Is too extensive nnd complicated to he described In detail here. In general It may he said that the Tennessee river rises In northeastern Tennessee, flows southwest, makes nn east to west loop through northern Alabama and them flows north through Tennessee und Kentucky, joining tbe Ohio near Its Juncture with the Mississippi at Cairo, 111. The Tennessee Is 652 miles long from Knoxville, Tenn., to Paducah, Ky. At Muscle .Slmals, in northern Alabama, the river falls 131 feet In 37 miles. Here Is the main obstruction to tbe through navigation ef the river. With the three dams und the supplemental locks In operation, the Muscle Shoals obstacle would be removed. The Wilson Dam, as the Illustration suggests, Is nn Imptesslve structure und pleasing to the eye. There are longer dams and dams that are higher, but none that Is larger. Ministerial golfers in moments of stress requiring adequate expression will soon be expected to change over from C.atun or Assuan to Wilson, or at least to cap the climax with Wilson. It should he remembered that the stream here runs from east to west and that In the Illustration the north bank Is at the left of the picture. Wihon Dam was built primarily for the purpose of furnishing electric power, but the navigation phase bad to be considered. This account for the lock on tbe north bank. Then comes tbe main d.nn nnd xt tbe power lions extending from the main dam to the south shore. The switch nnd control buildings will lie located on the Muff on the south shore. If a dr.vdoek Is needed in the future. It will he located upstream from the lock. Hugh L. Cooper, designing and supervising engineer of the Wilson Dam, says the entire structure will contain 36,500, (KH) solid cubic feet of masonry nnd cover He visualizes this mas of 20 acres of ground. masonry by saying It Is equivalent to a concrete read from New York to Chicago, 16 feet wide nnd six Inches thick. The project is being const meted by the War department, corps of engineers, U. S. A., under MaJ. (len. Lansing H. Pencil, chief of engineers, nnd Prig. (len. Harry Taylor, assistant The construction chief, Immediately In charge. forces are under the direction of Lieut. Col. George U. Spalding. Mr. Cooper says of the dam proper: The dam proper rises to a height of 137 feet above foundations and hacks up the water to a depth of 9S feet, from the bedrock to the new water surface. The spillway section of the dam Is of the overfall gravtty type of dam. Nor.nr.l pool level above the dam Is at elevation 501, normal tailwater Is at elevation 409. thus making the normal head available 92 feet. The crest of the spillway Is at elevation 483. and each spillway opening Is 38 feet wide In the clear, with nn pier between. Supported on these piers and arching over each spillway opening Is an arch hitdge. serving as an operating deck for the spillway control gates and providing a double track bridge nnd roadway across the river. In all. there are 58 spillway openings, each with a control gate of structural steel, IS feet high and 40 feet long. The last five sections of the dam, adjoining and connecting to the power house forehay structure, ure not spillway sections, says Mr. Cooper. In these five sections there nre located thirteen sluices. Much sluice is simply a diameter conduit extending through the dum, protected at the upstream end by a massive concrete screen, and controlled at the downstream or discharge by a butterfly valve. These valves are operated by a small compressed air engine, mounted on a car which travels on a track above valves. When one of the sluices is opened under full head It discharges a stream eight feet or more In diameter at a velocity at about 43 feet per second or thirty miles an hour. Enormous Power to Be Generated. The power house structure can be divided Into two parts: the forehay structure and the power house building. The forebay structure is tlint portion of the structure which retains the water nnd serves ns a part of the water harrier. It is designed to withstand the entire water pressure without the aid of the power house building. The arch bridge nnd roadway continue without rhnnge of grade over the forehay structure to the south shore. The power house is approximately 1,250 feet long, 160 feet wide and 134 feet high, nnd when completed will contuin eighteen main units, two aux n-- 108-Inc- h iliary apparatus sections nnd a shore section. Ultiinaie installation calls for eighteen main power units, four of which nre 30,000 horsepower each, and fourteen of 35,000 horsepower each. Four of the latter fourteen and the four 30,000 horsepower units are being installed at the present time, making an initial installation of 260,000 horsepower. Each power unit consists of a water turbine of the Francis type, in a vertical setting, with electrical generator above on the same shaft. The four 30,000 horsepower turbines were by the William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building company, and the generators for same vvere made by the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing company. "Five thousand men nre employed on the construction of this project. They work In three shifts, each shift working eight hours. This contown. The struction camp is in reality a fair-sizemain concrete mixing plant is located on an Islnnd In the middle of the river. From here the concrete is hauled in lurge buckets on railroad cars to any part of the job where it may be needed. Railroad tracks serve every available part of the work. In all more than twenty miles of track have been laid for construction purposes. A construction bridge carrying railroad tracks ns well ai tracks for huge traveling derricks had to be constructed In order to build the formwork for the concrete, a lumber yard, sawmill and layout platform had to be erected. The lumber used on the job vvill run to millions of feet hoard measure. The manufacture of destructive explosives from nitrates taken from the air is a fascinating subject, especially in connection with the fact that the same nitrates can easily be turned into harmless nnd beneficent fertilizer. As it stands today, Nitrate Ilant No. 2 can fix from the atmosphere the nitrates required for the continuous supply of ammunition for an army of 1,250,000 men. In war time the cost of ammunition is not an essential feature. But can fertilizer be manufactured nt Muscle Shoals nt peace-tim- e prices? This seems to he an unsettled question. Maj. J. K. Crain, ordnance department, U. S. A., says on this much-vexequestion in connection with the Muscle Shoals Japanese. Among the auditors of the speeches in which foreigners were called unprintable names were the French ambassador, Paul Claudel, and the Italian ambassador, Giacomo de Marpleasure-lovin- g tino. nmn-ufaetur- the demands of the was the expulsion of American missionaries. Tokios Sunday largely was given over to various phases of agitation. Throughout the day the grave in Aoyama cemetery of the unknown subject of the mikado who committed suicide by harakiri, as a protest against enactment of the American exclusian measure, was a Mecca for thousands of pilgrims who came to pay their devotions to the man who las bechme a martyr in the public One of d demon-trato- rs lye. A mammoth crowd attended a pub-i- c memorial service over the grave. Hundreds of wreaths were banked iround the small mound of earth where the body lies interred. The floral contributions come from individuals iff all walks of life. Viscount Kato, newly named premier, and former Priemer Takahashi sent wreaths. The Kokumin Taibeikai, or Na ;ional Association to Direct Ameri-:a- n and the Black Dragon Policy, Kanother patriotis organisociety, sation were the principal promoters )f the public services. The Japanese congregation of the Sinza Methodist Episcopal church was urged by a group of the Great forward Society Sunday to join a movement to divorce the Christian :hurch from American missionary Jodies. The Great Forward Socie-- d project. There doubt that fertilizer can be produced by the process for which Muscle Shoals properties are now equipped at a price low enough to compete with the products from other sources. However, this subieot Is engaging the attention of scientists In both private and governmental employ. Promising resuts have been attained at the fixed nitrogen laboratory In Washington. D. C., which laboratory was established by the War department, hut turned over to the control of the Department of Agriculture In 1921. The doubtful outcome of experiments in this field has caused the War de- partnient to oppose relinquishment of the t'tle to these properties without adequate guarantees that the plants must be returned to the control of the government In an effective condition to be utilized In the manufacture of explosives, should they pass to the evntrol of persons who did not continue their use of the manufacture of fertilizers. Taking Nitrogen From Air. Tim raw materials employed in the manufacturing process are nitrogen, obtained from the air. Huh stone, and coal, which is used in the form of coke," says Major Crain. "The first step Is to burn the limestone to lime, which Is an oxide of calcium (CnO). Tills is then mixed with coke (carbon) and the mixture is heated to a very high temperature in electric furnaces. The product thus formed is a combination of calcium and carbon, tbe familiar 'calcium carbide (CuC-2- ) which generates acetylene when placed in water. The carbide is run out of the furnaces In a liquid state, and after cooling and solidifying, Is ground to a fine powder. "The next step is to add nitrogen to the carbide. For tills purpose practically pure nitrogen is needed. Thee ure several different methods of separating nitrogen from the oxygen of the air, but the one used at Muscle Shoals, because of Its simplicity and cheapness, is first to liquify air nnd then to separate the two gases by taking advantage of the fact that the boiling points of the two liquid gases are slightly different. (Oxygen boils nt 1S2.5 193.5 dedegrees Centigrade and nitrogen at The process Is very similar to gress Centigrade.) that used in separating mixtures of alcohol and la some Vegetable Compound has done forme. Every month I would have crampa and headache, and I felt like I was freezing to death. I suffered in this way from the time I was a young girl, and all the doctors said was operation. For months I had a tired, sleepy feeling all day, and when night would come I ould be so nervous I couldnt stay in bed. Our druggist recommended the VegetableCompound to my husband and he bought four bottles. I have taken every one and I think I have a right to Mrs. J. B. praise your medicine. IIolleman, 221-- E. Marshal Street, Greenville, Texas. For fifty years Lydia E. Pinkhama Vegetable Compound has been used by women from girlhood through middle age. It is a dependable medicine for troucommon to women. Such symptoms as Mrs. Holleman had are relieved bles by correcting the cause of the trouble. For sale by druggists everywhere. DONT INFLAMED LIDS It increases the Irritation. 8 LY MITCH KLL de0 simple, 6ALVL, safe remedy. pendable, 11 25c at druiZKtsu. Hall A BoekH, Vw York City 1 DISRASB DAISY FLY KILLER at your dealer or $1 26. 6 by EXPRESS.prepaid, HAROLD SOMERS. 150 De Eelb Av.. Brooklyn, N. Y. Extenuation Tom C. Spencer, Houston lumber man, recently visited a sick Rotarian In the hospital. In the next room was a patient swathed in bandages. A visitor dropped Into this room, and through the open door Mr. Spencer heard him exclaim : But surely you werent simple enough to hunt for a gas leak with a match ! Well, you see," replied the patient weakly, it said on the box they were Houston Post. safety matches. DONT JRY THE DO JWATCH THU TEST Can You Hear? ' Plaea watch to earthen draw way. You should hear tick at 56 inches. Does m ringinsr in your era prevent your proper hearing? LEONARD EAR OIL relievee both Head Noiaea and Deaf ness. Just rub it back of ears end insert in nostrils. For Sale Everywhere. J Interesting descriptive folder eent upon request. A.O. LEONARD Inc. y demon-(tratio- n Sat-lrda- Flies! Kill All Placed anywhere, DAISY FLY KILLER attract and Jujla all flies. Neat, clean, ornamental, convenient ana cheap Lasts all sea 'ft? jr aon. Made of metal, JTltvr vlyj can't spill ortipoverj will not soil or injure anything. Guaranteed. was responsible for the at the Imperial hotel night, when a gang of ronin, r political ruffians, disrupted a lance to make 70 6th y Ava. New York She Knew French Form New Cabinet Paris. The new French cabinet lamed by Frederac Francoise-Marsh-i- l to take place of that headed by M. Poincare, which recently resign-iis as follows: Foreign affairs, Prey; justice, Senator Antony itier; interior, Justin de Selves; war ind pensians, Andre Maginot; labor ind hygiene, Paul Jaurdain; navy, Desire Ferry; public works, Yves le M. Trocquer; education, Landry; Commerce, Pierre Flanding; agriculture, M. Capus; devastated regions, Louis Marin; colonies, Jean Fabry. The ministry was made known after final interview between President Millet and and M. Francoise-MarShait made its appearance before Tuesday, when the Premier read a message from President Millerand in the chamber, explaining the political situation as the presi-ien- t sees it. Simultaneously the minster of justice performed a similar duty in the senate. d, Ed-non- d Friend par-lime- nt You know, my dear, poverty treads close upon the heels of great and unexpected wealth. Mrs. Nurich Aint it the truth I Dont you know I cant get out of my car to go Into a shop without some beggar following me right to the door! Philadelphia Bulletin. Good Business Rules successful business man submits these "Four cardinal rules In business, which are good in any line of work : The square deal. Live up to your word. Discourage gossip and encourage loyalty. Promote the most efficient man. A Knew His Limitations l. I profess not to know how womens hearts are wooed and won. To me they have always been matters of riddle and admiration. Washington Irving. New Japanese Head Is Named Viscount Tukaakira Kato, Tokio, leader of the Kenseikal party, strongest numerically in the lower house, summoned by lrince Regent Sunday to form a new cabinet :o succeed that of former Premier Klego Kiyoura, which resigned was water. "The actual fixation of the nitrogen is now accomplished by passing it over the finely ground carbide heated to a temperature of about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. A reaction takes place under these conditions and a complex compound of cal- wrbon, and nitrogen, called cyanamide is the result. "The next step in the production of both and fertilizer is to heat the cyanamide In steel tanks with steam and water, which re- large suits in the formation of ordinary ammonia. Ammonia can he readily changed into nitric and from this acid any desired niacid (HN'O-3)- . trogen compound for either agricultural or military purposes can be made. For fertilizers, ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate are the preferred forms; while for explosives, there is a host of nitrogen products, djnumite, T. N. T and many others. Creenvilie, Texas. "Words cannot how much good Lvdia E. Pink-ha- express llir-jhit- o Probers Employ Wickersham cium, asTiington, Announcement that the senate Daugherty commitee had rngaged George Y. Wiokersham, former attorney general, as counsel to 3onduct the committees appeal from the decision of the district court at Cincinnati, freeing M. S. Daugherty from the necessity of appearing as a witness under committee subpoena, was made by Senator Wheeler, Democrat, Montana, the committee 3 (CaCN-2- ) I S eut r"c. ini o tkcep . . petroleum J11' nd h ,j ,it or h"vt. 4.OOnlUUortnl tMtele... thro1 I bw'U"t CHESEBBODGHork G,CO.(Con Ot .Vaseline sellnei 2 J,H il test |