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Show TtfE SAUNA SUN, S A LINA, UTAH Sea Tragedies Recalled as Autumn Storms Uncover SFJTISt; CIRCLE PATTERN Two-Piec- Rotting Wreckage of Ships on North Carolina Coast Fundamentals Needed British and Spanish Physical Also Build-u- p By BAUKIIAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. ing, listening, speaking. Since radio broadcasts are heard daily by multi- Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. (Thl ts the second of two articles on the new reconversion, tills one In education.) In a previous column I laid before you the vital need of reconverting our educational system if America is going to meet the challenge of other Ideologies to the faith in our democratic institutions. I pointed out how poorly many of our occupation forces are testifying to their democratic convictions in the face of the geniality of our former enemies. I took you into the office of Commissioner of Education John Stude-bakwho pointed out to me how reconverting educationally is as important as reconverting industrially if we are going to meet the problems of the day. Dr. Studebaker said that this could be achieved by making a solid core of education available to alL Such a core would be composed of certain basic studies which educators believe aae essential to a solidarity of democratic thought The commissioner of education sees this core as a reinforcement of mental iron in the moral structure of the nation. When you talk about making this core available to all. that is not the complete picture. Men like Doctor Studebaker would bsve this group of basic studies required of all students, not just made available to them. And thereby, say the traditionalists, hangs a threat to the elective system under which many institutions of learning have been comfortably educating students. Under the system of free choice. College Joe and College Jane could pick the courses their hearts desired. If their hearts desired a little extra sleep in the morning, they could pick classes that would not require early rising. activities were If particularly heavy one semester, they did not have to take economics which was bard when Turkish architecture was a snap. Too many students have been coming out of our institutions of learning without a basic concept of what our democracy is all about, say the educators who are crying for reconversion. If they don't select the courses that will give them that concept, they must be required to take them, these same men say the future of our way of life is at stake. millions, critical listening should be a vital part of the basic educational program. Since freedom of expression is an essential attribute of a democracy, citizens need to develop critical thinking in order to evaluate the powerful influence of communication and propaganda constantly brought to bear on them. plied War Expose s Academic Weaknesses er extra-curricul- ar Education Vital Force in State fact that before It is a the Nazis ever dreamed of world conquest they first restrained by force, those who were too old or too wise to accept Nazi Indoctrination. The more malleable minds of the young were filled with the false doctrines of subordination to the state, race hatred and exaltation of might. and Their other were anti - Christian principles poured into the youth until there was produced a state in which the controlling element of the population was fanatically loyal to Naziism. Democracy and Christian principles once Instilled can produce Just as strong a loyalty, just as enduring a faith, but there is a minimum of Instruction in their true meaning that must be made available to everyone more than that, that should be required study of everyone who would be a good citizen. This is the first way In which the destructive forces which are working against democracy can be arrested. And so Doctor Studebaker pre-enthe idea of a "core around which can be built an understanding of the whole democratic system; bow its parts can be fitted into one another and into a world which must either be closely integrated or explosively antagonistic. There is not space here to consider the details of the composition of this core. Two examples of the type of studies which Doctor Studebaker feels are essential, and which must be taught much more comprehensively and for a longer period than they are now, was given In the first article. They are economics and geography. There must be basie understandings and skills In the field of language. By that the commissioner means the channels by which we communicate and are communicated with reading, writ well-know- n ts BARBS . . . Half the communities in the United States are not reached by a railway, says the automobile manufacturing association. They have to roll on rubber Instead of rails. Last year more people were by accidents in the rural than in the cities. There were automobile collisions in the and small-towareas. Why? n killed areas more rural During the war, certain major weaknesses in our educational system were bluntly exposed. Total rejections in the war for physical, psychiatric and educational reasons have been almost as numerous as the number of men who served in the army overseas. We may or may not need our young men to fight another war, but regardless of this, we need to improve school programs of health and physical education, Including the early discovery of remediable defects to be corrected by family physicians and public health agencies. A nation that would be strong, must be strong physically. Military authorities have also found a major weakness in the work of the schools in the failure to require older students to carry mathematics to the point of practical mastery. The natural sciences gained a larger place in the field of education during the war, and they should continue to do so, according to Commissioner Studebaker. No adequate understanding of our civilization is possible without considerable knowledge of them. Moreover, mnv careers in trade, technical, professional and scientific pm suns. .. er of industry, business or agriculture, are handicapped without a thorough scientific groundwork, laid in and secondary the elementary schools and for many, continued in tiie colleges and universities. But one of the most basic segments of the core, in the opinion of Dr. Studebaker, should be made up of the social studies. It is upon this group that we have leaned most heavily in training for responsible and this must concitizenship tinue. History and the other social studies are essential to the grounding of our citizens in the American tradition of political liberty, a knowledge of the structure of our republican form of government, and a firm attachment to the democratic faith, Doctor Studebaker says. I said that it is the belief of important educators that a core of this type must become a must" in the curricula of the nation, thereby casting overboard the traditional elective system whereby a student is given pretty much free choice in what he will study. This new approach is emphasized in one of the most widely quoted documents of recent publication, the Harvard study entitled, General Education in a Free Society." This work has startled a number of people coming as it does from the institution that saw the elective system reach its most extreme form, for it recommends the abandonment of that system. In this document, the chief priest of the elective system points out the weaknesses of that method. Of course, it Is one thing to set up curricula that will Insure the fact that those attending school will get the basic studies. It is another to see that these required subjects are made available to all. Is it possible to produce and democratically distribute this basic core to all America? Not yet. That is another must in the new reconversion. The expenditures now made on this priceless commodity are inadequate. But I am not dealing here with the finances of education. That is a subject in Itself. Suffice it to say that even with greater funds this d by the exproduct, as perts, cannot be produced in the existing plants any more than the peacetime models and types of industrial commodities can be produced by machines equipped for war production. Nor is the personnel and the training of that personnel adequate. d blue-printe- by D auk ha ge pattern desired. Pattern By BILL SHARP Important. TVNU SEWING CIRCLE PATTERN DEPT. 149 New Montgomery SL San Francisco, Calif. Enclose 25 cents In coins for each Men of War, Clippers Among Grim Relics. Courses Must Be Centered Around Core of Subjects Stressing Human Relations; Try Making Cough four-maste- GHOST No Cookinff. Biff Dollars. 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Money refunded if it doesnt please you la every way. Adv. Saves The burned out hull of an old schooner, the Kohler of Baltimore, stands bleakly on a sand bar near Hatteras, N. C. It was uncovered by the fury of a hurricane. Drifting sands are piling over it again, and it will soon disappear from sight. he started for home. While changing trains in New York he was run dowm by a taxicab and killed. Worst Navy Wreck. Off the beach at Nags Head Is visible In a calm sea the bell, tank, and boiler of the USS Huron, a warship wrecked November 24, 1877, with a loss of 108 lives the worst disaster in U. S. naval history up to that time. The crew members were buried on the beach and relatives came, for many years after to search in the shifting sands for them. Capn Jeff Hayman of Roanoke Island is believed to be the only person still alive who saw the ghastly affair and ghastly it was, for subsequent investigation disclosed that some of those aboard were drunk that fateful night when sobriety might have saved both ship and crew. Capn Jeff today has the silver sugar bowl from the Huron captain's table. Such maritime violence has produced a lot of maritime heroism. From Oregon Inlet to Ocracoke Inlet are some 27 holders of Congressional Medals of Honor, possibly the largest group of heroes per capita in these United States. Six of them came as a sequel to the events of August 16, 1918, when the S3 Mirlo, a British tanker, was torpedoed, and Capt. John Allen Midgett and five members of the Chicamicomoco coast guard station braved a sea of blazing oil to rescue 42 members of the crew. Strangely enough, the SS City of Atlanta in 1942 was destroyed in the same way and about the same spot, but the Chicamicomoco boys were unable to get through the fire. On the same day and within an hour helpless watchers on the A mystery among the wrecks on the North Carolina coast is this portion of some wooden vessel. Oldest records fail to name her, and it is possible she foundered many generations ago. The first clue to her plight came one cold, foggy December night when Mathew Guthrie coastguardsman on beach patrol stumbled over the body of a dying sailor, who gasped out the news that a vessel was breaking up a few hundred yards offshore. A Lyle gun shot could not reach her, and surfboats could not be launched Twenty-on- e men lost their lives and lie buried atop a lonely Ocracoke dune. Six more swam and floated ashore alive Ironic was the sequel to the death d of the schooner Anna R. Heindritter of New York, loaded with dyewood, which came ashore March 2, 1942, and is visible offshore. She ran into a gale and put out anchors, but dragged onto the shoals. Capt. Bennett D. Coleman of Springfield, Mass., and his crew of eight survived, saved by the Lyle gun and breeches buoy, and after the captain had arranged for the vendue (auction sale of salvage) Banks saw a German submarine sink two other vessels and damage still another. The Atlantas bones now rest by those of the Mirlo. One of the most dramatic events of sub warfare was on August 8, 1918. when Diamond Lightship, guarding the easternmost tip of Diamond Shoals, was sunk by submarine gunfire. Capt. W. L. Barnett and his crew roared over the boiling shoals 12 miles to the beach. Barnett, now retired, lives at Buxton. The lightship added her skeleton to that fabulous Graveyard of the Atlantic, Diamond Shoals, where lie so many metal hulks that compasses of passing ships are pulled off north by as much as 8 degrees. Modern Flying Dutchman. The peculiar configuration of the North Carolina coast, with the sandy capes jutting out, causes mariners' anxious preoccupation with this area. Most dangerous are Diamond Shoals an extension of Cape Hat Two-Piec- Frock e e YOUTHFULLY smart dress for those occato look your teras, 12 miles into the Atlantic, an sions when you want down the blouse buttons The best. area of constantly shifting quick sands. It is a maxim of sailors that back and is cut to give that popuonce on the Diamond Shoals, no ves- lar nipped in look. Note the graceful gored skirt. sel ever comes off. The Maurice R. Thurlow proved an exception, however, when she ran Pattern No. 1394 Is designed for sizes Size 12. short 12. 14. 16, 18 and 20. aground in a 1927 storm. The coast 10, ileeves, requires 3 yards of 35 or guard removed her crew, but when material. a cutter came down to try to pull her off, no trace of the vessel could be found. Thirteen days later the schooner was sighted by the Dutch tanker, Sleidrect, in the North Atlantic. A general order was released to run down the modern Flying Dutchman, but though she was reStrains Muscular Aches and Pains Sprains ported from time to time, the sea wanderer was never overtaken and no one knows what befcame of her. In the shoals lies another famous ship the pioneering Federal ironclad, Monitor. Following her enc gagement with the Confederate in Hampton Roads, March 9, 1862, the damaged Monitor was sent south in tow of the sidewheeler Rhode Island. A gale sprang up. and the little cheesebox sank on the shoals with a loss of 16; 49 others were rescued by the Rhode IsFRESH land. Hatteras Is a control point In setting courses for coastwise and West Indian shipping, because the shortest route lies near the Cape. Northbound shipping finds a favorable current by staying in the Gulf Stream, which brushes the tip of the Shoals, while southbound traffic goes between the Stream and the coast, where there Is a southerly current sweeping down from the arctic. Thus, ships pass as close to the Cape as they can. Alexander Hamilton recommended a lighthouse at Hatteras in 1794, and it was completed in 1798, but was too low to provide an adequate ITS FULL STRENGTH so it goes right to worlu signal. In 1870 a new light, 190 feet high, was built (highest brick light No waiting. No extra steps. Fleischmanns fresh In the world) and served until 1936 active Yeast helps make bread thats more dewhen the encroaching sea led the licious and tender, sweeter-tastin- g every time! to erect still another government light further inland at Buxton. IF YOU BAKE AT HOME-- Get Diamond Lightship also was anchored at the tip of the Shoals, and Fleischmanns active fresh Yeast a navy radio direction station was with the familiar yellow labeL set up at the Cape. Inasmuch as Dependable its been Americas the new steelgirder lighthouse is not favorite for more than 70 years. visible to ocean ships by day, the now has four cape navigation aids for the mariner the old spiral-stripe- d brick tower as a day warning; Diamond Lightship; the new Buxton Light; and the modern radio finding station. No Shipwreckers. While it is probably true that for many years shipwrecks were the of the principal importation Banks, there appears no evidence to Cream-Past- e That Try This support the charge that long ago the Bankers practiced shipwrecking and looting. However, some homes are partly fashioned from the timber of old ships, and many a house contains articles salvaged from doomed ships or bought at the vendue. 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Troubles and Worri.il Ind Loose-Plosorted to prayer; If it is predesthink kow grand youll feel Jnst tined there be a wreck on the Atwhen your dentures stay comfort lantic coast," he pleaded, please ably eecure from the time you put them in until you take them out let it be Thy will that it happen . . , how wonderful to say goodbye In a few days a herel to tore, irritated gums and mouth ship wrecked on Core Banks, and . . . how marvelous to enjoy eating and chewing all the foods you like famine was prevented. A two-piec- STIFF JOINTS and BRUISES Mer-rima- Heres sweeter, tastier bread with FLEISCHMANNS fAlSElUlTHjMARtRS&mmmZ Amazing Holds Your Dental Plates Firm and Comfortable AN Dav Long Or Double-Your-Money-Bac- OUR-MONEY -- ts flour-lade- n . and to talk, laugh, or sneeze without fear of your plates slipping. Take advantage of this offer. Mail coupon NOW! snip This Is ail that is left of the Car-rol- l A. Deering, ont of Bath, Maine. The highest suicide rate among A storm drove her npon Diamond women is found in Japan and Ger- Shoals January 29, 1921. When manic countries. Maybe their own coastguardsmen boarded her they wives didn't like em any better than found her nndamaged. The sails the Allies did. were set, food was on the table and on the stove, but no one was aboard. At the army air forces center Only m disconsolate cat roamed the in Orlando, Fla., they are perfecting decks. No trace was ever found ol motor vehicles which will operate any of her crew, aithongh every efover the snow. Query: where d fort was made. Since ahe could not be floated again, the coast guard they get the snow in Florida? blew her up at Home. Quick Relief Syrup old-tim- e d Size No Name Address Once more Caribbean storms have lifted the curtain on hundreds of tragedies which were played out on the lonely beaches of the Outer Banks of North Carolina in the past three centuries but as usual, it is s fleeting shew. Sand swept away by tides of the September hurricane already is drifting back with mild southwest winds, and before long moat of the exposed wrecks will be hidden again. Silent tribute to the craftsmanship of the shipwrights and the sturdiness of their materials is the preservation of the timbers and planking of these orphans of the storm .against generations of grinding sand and pounding wave. When iron men went down to the sea in ships with hearts of oak, it was not the ships that failed in the face of the elements. Some of the derelicts now on view all the way from Nags Head to Ocracoke Inlet are familiar, and recall many an anecdote. But some are beyond the ken of the oldest coastguardsmen or their records. The Carroll Iteering. One of the most Interesting Is the ghost ship, Carroll Deering, out of Bath, Maine. She was found on Diamond Shoals in li)21, undamaged, with sails set, with uneaten food on the table and on the stove but with only a cat to greet the coast guard crew which boarded her. Tiie Deering passed Diamond lightship the day before, but that was the last seen of any of her crew, and the cat kept her own counsel. Later she drifted onto Ocracoke Island, sanded up and was lost to sight and almost to memory until the hurricane scoured out her hull. The George W. Wells, first schooner ever built, and then the largest wood vessel afloat, is also exposed. She came ashore in a 1913 gale at Ocracoke. Up at Nag's Head were uncovered again the tired ribs of the quaint warship believed by many to be a Crumpster of Elizabethan days. She was first revealed by a storm In 1939 and her primitive construction and fittings aroused much speculation. There is some justification for the romantic identification, for shipwrecks antedated colonization of these shores. The chroniclers of Sir Walter Raleighs Roanoke Island colony (1587) found the aborigines using crude iron tools which were believed fashioned from spikes taken from a shipwreck. There is record of a Spanish shipwreck at Hatteras in 1558 and some of its crew were rescued by the Indians. Also on exhibition again is the remnant of the Ariosto, British tramp a victim of an 1899 storm Smart Due to an unusually large demand and current condition slightly more time is required In filling orders for a few of ths most popular pattern numbers. Send your order to: a In Postwar Education V Is Younir er Double Tow Money lock on Bus Offer! issssssssssessssssssssssus S STATE, DO., Dart. 24 New York 17, N. Y. Filth Are. If you act now, you can try Staze without 8 1 week mo b!f Introductory having to buy the regular size. Just mall ( Send tub ot Sure. Enclosed find 10 coupon and get generous Introductory tube I if Im not satiRfttd, you'll sir me containing full 7 day supply for only 104. 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